SoHo, Manhattan - Wikipedia

Neighborhood in New York City "SoHo" redirects here. For the area of London, see Soho. For other uses, see Soho (disambiguation). Neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City

SoHo
Neighborhood of Manhattan
Cast-iron buildings on Grand Street between Lafayette Street and Broadway
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°43′23″N 74°00′00″W / 40.723°N 74.000°W / 40.723; -74.000
Country	United States
State	New York
City	New York City
Borough	Manhattan
Community District	Manhattan 2[1]
Named after	"South of Houston Street"
Area[2]
• Total	0.336 sq mi (0.87 km2)
Population (2019)[2]
• Total	18,894
• Density	56,200/sq mi (21,700/km2)
Economics[2]
• Median income	$135,083
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes	10012, 10013
Area code	212, 332, 646, and 917
SoHo–Cast Iron Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
New York City Landmark
Show map of ManhattanShow map of New York City
Location	Roughly north to south: Houston to Canal Streets; and west to east: West Broadway or Sixth Avenue to Crosby Street or Lafayette StreetManhattan, New York City
Coordinates	40°43′23″N 74°00′00″W / 40.723°N 74.000°W / 40.723; -74.000
Area	73 acres (30 ha)
Architectural style	RenaissanceItalianatesome Federal
NRHP reference No.	78001883[3]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 29, 1978
Designated NYCL	August 14, 1973May 11, 2010 (extension)

SoHo, short for "South of Houston Street",[4] is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Since the 1970s, the neighborhood has been the location of many artists' lofts and art galleries, art installations such as the Wall, and has also been known for its variety of shops ranging from trendy upscale boutiques to national and international chain store locations. The area's history is an archetypal example of inner-city regeneration and gentrification, encompassing socioeconomic, cultural, political, and architectural developments.[5]

The name "SoHo" derives from the area being "South of Houston Street", and was coined in 1962 by Chester Rapkin,[6] an urban planner and author of The South Houston Industrial Area study,[7] also known as the "Rapkin Report".[notes 1] The name also recalls Soho, an area in London's West End.[8]

Almost all of SoHo is included in the SoHo–Cast Iron Historic District, which was designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1973, extended in 2010, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.[9] It consists of 26 blocks and approximately 500 buildings,[10] many of them incorporating cast-iron architectural elements. Many side streets in the district are paved with Belgian blocks.[11]

SoHo is part of Manhattan Community District 2 and its primary ZIP Codes are 10012 and 10013.[1] It is patrolled by the 1st and 5th Precincts of the New York City Police Department.

Geography

[edit]

Boundaries

[edit]

Because of the nature of neighborhoods in New York City,[notes 2] different sources will often give different boundaries for each one. In the case of SoHo, all sources appear to agree that the northern boundary is Houston Street, and the southern boundary is Canal Street, but the location of the eastern and western boundaries is disputed.

In 1974, shortly after SoHo first came into existence, The New York Times described the boundaries as "stretching from Houston to Canal Streets between West Broadway and Lafayette Street"[13] – a definition it continued to hold to in 2016[14] – but The Encyclopedia of New York City reports that SoHo is bounded by Crosby Street on the east, and Sixth Avenue to the west.[15] These are the same boundaries shown by Google Maps.[16] However, the AIA Guide to New York City gives the western boundary of SoHo north of Broome Street as being West Broadway,[8] and New York magazine gives the eastern boundary as Lafayette Street and the western boundary as the Hudson River.[17]

The map at the Community Board 2 profile page on New York City's official website has "SOHO" written near Broadway in the space roughly equidistant between Houston Street and Canal Street.[18][19]

In the 1990s, real estate agents began giving an adjacent neighborhood below West Houston Street various appellations, with no general agreement on whether it should be called (or included as part of) West SoHo, Hudson Square or the South Village.[20] The AIA Guide calls that neighborhood "An intersection of brick and glass, searching for an identity", and refers to the western section of it as "The Glass Box District".[21] Unlike Hudson Square, the South Village has traditionally appeared on maps of Community District 2, centered near the intersection of Houston Street and Avenue of the Americas.[22] The more recent map of Community District 2 contains both the South Village and Hudson Square, with the latter written in the area below Houston Street, between Hudson Street and the Hudson River.[19]

Historic District

[edit]

The SoHo–Cast Iron Historic District is contained within the zoned SoHo neighborhood. Originally ending in the west at the eastern side of West Broadway and to the east at the western side of Crosby Street, the SoHo–Cast Iron Historic District was expanded in 2010 to cover most of West Broadway and to extend east to Lafayette and Centre Streets. The boundary lines are not straight, and some block-fronts on West Broadway and Lafayette are excluded from the District.[23][24]

History

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

During the colonial period, the land that is now SoHo was part of a grant of farmland given to freed slaves of the Dutch West Indies Company, and the site of the first free Black settlement on Manhattan island.[25] This land was acquired in the 1660s by Augustine Hermann, and then passed to his brother-in-law, Nicholas Bayard.[25] The estate was confiscated by the state as a result of Bayard's part in Leisler's Rebellion, but was returned to him after the sentence was annulled.[26]

In the 18th century natural barriers – streams and hills – impeded the growth of the city northward into the Bayard estate, and the area maintained its rural character.[26] During the American Revolution, the area was the location of numerous fortifications, redoubts and breastworks.[26] After the war, Bayard, who had suffered financially because of it, was forced to mortgage some of the property, which was divided up into lots, but even then there was very little development in the area, aside from some manufacturing at Broadway and Canal Street.[26]

Serious development of the area did not begin until the Common Council, answering the complaints of landowners in the area, drained the Collect Pond, which had once been an important source of fresh water for the island, but which had become polluted and rank and a breeding ground for mosquitoes. A canal was built to drain the pond into the Hudson, and the canal and pond were both later filled in using earth from nearby Bayard's Hill.[26] Once Broadway was paved and sidewalks were built there and along Canal Street, more people began to make their homes there, joining earlier arrivals such as James Fenimore Cooper.[26]

Commerce, entertainment, and decline

[edit]

By the mid-19th century, the early Federal- and Greek Revival-style homes were replaced by more-solid structures of masonry and cast iron, and along Broadway, large marble-skinned commercial establishments began to open, such as Lord & Taylor, Arnold Constable & Company and Tiffany & Company, as well as grand hotels such as the St. Nicholas and the Metropolitan.[27] Theatres followed in their wake, and Broadway between Canal and Houston Streets became a lively theater and shopping district and the entertainment center of New York;[27] as usual with such areas, it was home to many brothels as well,[28] and the side streets off of Broadway became the city's red-light district.[27] As this change in character drove out the middle-class, their place was taken by small manufacturing concerns, including cabinet-makers and the lumberyards that supplied them, brass and copper firms, makers of china and glassware, locksmiths, snuff manufacturers and book publishers.[29]

This dramatic shift in the nature of the neighborhood continued to drive out residents, and between 1860 and 1865 the Eighth Ward, which included the SoHo area, lost 25% of its population.[29] After the Civil War and the Panic of 1873, in the 1880s and 1890s, large manufacturers began to move into the area, especially textile firms, and the area became the mercantile and wholesale dry-goods trade center of the city, and was the subject of significant real-estate speculation.[29] This phase came to an end by the close of the 19th century, and as the center of the city continued to move uptown, the quality of the area declined.[30]

After World War II, the textile industry largely moved to the South, leaving many large buildings in the district unoccupied. In some buildings they were replaced by warehouses and printing plants, and other buildings were torn down to be replaced by gas stations, auto repair shops and parking lots and garages.[31] By the 1950s, the area had become known as Hell's Hundred Acres,[31] an industrial wasteland, full of sweatshops and small factories in the daytime, but empty at night. It would not be until the 1960s, when artists began to be interested in the tall ceilings and many windows of the empty manufacturing lofts, that the character of the neighborhood began to change again.[30]

Cast-iron architecture

[edit]

SoHo boasts the greatest collection of cast-iron architecture in the world.[32] Approximately 250 cast-iron buildings stand in New York City, and the majority are in SoHo. Cast iron was initially used as a decorative front over a pre-existing building. With the addition of modern, decorative facades, older industrial buildings were able to attract new commercial clients. Most of these facades were constructed during the period from 1840 to 1880.[15] In addition to revitalizing older structures, buildings in SoHo were later designed to feature the cast iron.

An American architectural innovation, cast iron was cheaper to use for facades than materials such as stone or brick. Molds of ornamentation, prefabricated in foundries, were used interchangeably for many buildings, and a broken piece could be easily recast. The buildings could be erected quickly; some were built in four months. Despite the brief construction period, the quality of the cast-iron designs was not sacrificed. Bronze had previously been the metal most frequently used for architectural detail. Architects found that the relatively inexpensive cast iron could provide intricately designed patterns. Classical French and Italian architectural designs were often used as models for these facades. Because stone was the material associated with architectural masterpieces, cast iron, painted in neutral tints such as beige, was used to simulate stone.

There was a profusion of cast iron foundries in New York, including Badger's Architectural Iron Works, James L. Jackson's Iron Works, and Cornell Iron Works.

Since the iron was pliable and easily molded, sumptuously curved window frames were created, and the strength of the metal allowed these frames considerable height. The once-somber, gas-lit interiors of the industrial district were flooded with sunlight through the enlarged windows. The strength of cast iron permitted high ceilings with sleek supporting columns, and interiors became expansive and functional.

During cast iron's heyday, many architects thought it to be structurally more sound than steel. It was also thought that cast iron would be fire-resistant, and facades were constructed over many interiors built of wood and other flammable materials. When exposed to heat, cast iron buckled, and later cracked under the cold water used to extinguish fire. In 1899, a building code mandating the backing of cast-iron fronts with masonry was passed. Most of the buildings that stand today are constructed in this way. It was the advent of steel as a major construction material that brought an end to the cast iron era.

Lower Manhattan Expressway

[edit]

In the 1960s, the SoHo area was to have been the location of two enormous elevated highways that comprised the two branches of the Lower Manhattan Expressway, a Robert Moses project that was intended to create an automobile and truck through-route connecting the Manhattan Bridge and Williamsburg Bridge on the east with the Holland Tunnel on the west.[15][33]

The young historic preservation movement and architectural critics, stung by the destruction of the original Pennsylvania Station in 1963 and the threat to other historic structures, challenged the plans because of the threatened loss of a huge quantity of 19th-century cast-iron buildings.[34]

When John V. Lindsay became mayor of New York City in 1966, his initial reaction was to try to push the expressways through, dubbing the project the Lower Manhattan Expressway, depressing some of the proposed highway in residential areas and stressing the importance of the artery to the city. Nevertheless, through the efforts of Jane Jacobs, Tony D'Apolito, Margot Gayle, and other local, civic, and cultural leaders, as well as SoHo artist residents themselves, the project was derailed.[34]

Artists move in

[edit]

After the abandonment of the highway scheme, the city was left with a large number of historic buildings that were unattractive for the kinds of manufacturing and commerce that survived in the city in the 1970s. The upper floors of many of these buildings had been built as commercial Manhattan lofts, which provided large, unobstructed spaces for manufacturing and other industrial uses. These spaces attracted artists who valued them for their large areas, large windows admitting natural light and low rents. Most of these spaces were also used illegally as living space, despite being neither zoned nor equipped for residential use. This widespread zoning violation was ignored for a long period of time, as the artist-occupants were using space for which there was little demand due to the city's poor economy at the time, and would have lain dormant or been abandoned otherwise.[8][15][32]

Nevertheless, as the artist population grew, the city made some attempts to stem the movement, concerned about the occupation of space that did not meet residential building codes, and the possibility that the occupied space might be needed for the return of manufacturing to New York City. Pressured on many sides, including by organizations such as the Artist Tenant Association and later the Soho Artist Association,[35] the city abandoned attempts to keep the district as strictly industrial space, and in 1971, the Zoning Resolution was amended to permit Joint Live-Work Quarters for artists, and the M1-5a and M-5b districting was established to permit visual artists, certified as such by the Department of Cultural Affairs, to live where they worked.[citation needed] In 1987, non-artists residing in SoHo and NoHo were permitted to grandfather themselves, but that was the only extension to non-artists and was a one-time agreement.[citation needed]

The area received landmark designation as the SoHo–Cast Iron Historic District in 1973.[32]

Gentrification and shopping

[edit]

In 2005, the construction of residential buildings on empty lots in the historic district was permitted. Nevertheless, with no enforcement of the new zoning laws by the city, beginning in the 1980s, in a way that would later apply elsewhere, the neighborhood began to draw more affluent residents. Due to rent protection and stability afforded by the 1982 Loft Law, in addition to the fact that many of the artists owned their co-ops, many of the original pioneering artists remained despite the popular misconception that gentrification forced them to flee. Many residents have lived in the neighborhood for decades. In the mid-1990s, most of the galleries moved to Chelsea, but several galleries remain as of 2013, including DTR Modern Galleries, William Bennett Gallery, Martin Lawrence Galleries, Terrain Gallery, Franklin Bowles Gallery, and Pop International Gallery.

SoHo's location, the appeal of lofts as living spaces, its architecture, and its reputation as a haven for artists all contributed to this change. The pattern of gentrification is typically known as the "SoHo Effect" and has been observed elsewhere in the United States.[36][37] A backwater of poor artists and small factories in the 1970s, SoHo became a popular tourist destination for people seeking fashionable clothing and exquisite architecture, and home to some of the most expensive real estate in the country.[38]

SoHo's chain outlets are clustered in the northern area of the neighborhood, along Broadway and Prince and Spring Streets. The sidewalks in this area are often crowded with tourists and with vendors selling jewelry, T-shirts, and other works. SoHo is known for its commercialization and eclectic mix of boutiques for shopping – although in 2010, it had twice as many chain stores as boutiques and three times as many boutiques as art galleries.[39]

Rezoning

[edit]

Despite the significant change in the neighborhood's character in the previous decades, by the end of the 2010s the area's zoning still reflected its industrial heritage; any new residential development required special permits.[40] As such, in 2019 the city began a public consultation process called "Envision SoHo/NoHo" to plan for future growth and manage change, and ultimately to bring land use rules in line with the mainly residential and commercial present-day reality of the neighborhood.[41]

A coalition of nearly two dozen housing and social organizations, led by pro-housing advocacy group Open New York, and including the Citizens Housing and Planning Council, the Regional Plan Association, and Habitat for Humanity, seized on the idea of a rezoning as a means of alleviating the city's housing shortage.[40][42] In October 2019, the coalition put forward a rezoning plan that would produce 3,400 additional housing units, nearly 700 of which would be affordable, and later that month the city officially proposed a similar plan that envisaged the creation of 3,200 new residential units and up to 800 affordable units.[43][44] Observers suggested that the coalition's campaign for a residential rezoning had spurred a previously reluctant mayor to act, noting that even real estate industry groups like the Real Estate Board of New York (REBNY), the city's largest real estate trade organization, had shown no interest in a rezoning of SoHo and NoHo.[44] The proposal was immediately contentious; while most major candidates in the Democratic mayoral and Manhattan borough president primaries endorsed the plan, at least in principle, candidates for the city council district were more divided.[45][46][47][48]

A group of a half-dozen neighborhood groups, led by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, put forth a "community alternative plan" which they claimed would create more affordable housing without any major new development, and a report attacking the city's plan, a claim that was challenged by the city and other civic organizations.[49] Carl Weisbrod, former chairman of the New York City Planning Commission said the GVSHP's report was "misleading and disingenuous", and a spokesman for the mayor's office described the "community alternative plan" as "an exercise in magical thinking".[50] In July 2021, the area's community board voted to reject the proposal, although the vote was ultimately non-binding. In September 2021, Manhattan Borough president Gale Brewer expressed concerns about the plan, particularly the potential for the plan to incentivize commercial development rather than residential, a criticism echoed by some of the housing advocates who had initially pushed for the plan.[51][52][53]

In 2022, a team of over 2,000 players constructed a recreation of Soho in the sandbox game Minecraft, as part of the COVID-19 Build the Earth movement.[54]

Demographics

[edit]

For census purposes, the New York City government classifies SoHo as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called SoHo-Little Italy-Hudson Square.[55] Based on data from the 2020 United States Census, the population of SoHo-Little Italy-Hudson Square was 23,278, which is difficult to compare to previous years because of changes in the boundaries of neighborhood tabulation areas. Covering an area of 296.5 acres (120.0 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 78.4 inhabitants per acre (50,200/sq mi; 19,400/km2).[56] The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 58.6% (13,642) White, 2.1% (499) African American, 25.2% (5,860) Asian, 1.0% (236) from other races, and 4.4% (1,018) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.7% (2,032) of the population.[56]

The entirety of Community District 2, which comprises SoHo and Greenwich Village, had 91,638 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years.[57]: 2, 20  This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[58]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [59] Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (42%) are between the ages of 25 and 44, while 24% are between 45 and 64, and 15% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 9% and 10% respectively.[57]: 2 

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2 (including the Financial District and Tribeca) was $144,878,[60] though the median income in SoHo individually was $124,396.[2] In 2018, an estimated 9% of SoHo and Greenwich Village residents lived in poverty, compared to 20% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 38% in SoHo and Greenwich Village, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018[update], SoHo and Greenwich Village are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[57]: 7 

Police and crime

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SoHo and Lower Manhattan are patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the NYPD, at 16 Ericsson Place.[61] The 1st Precinct ranked 63rd safest out of 69 city precincts for per-capita crime in 2010. Though the number of crimes is low compared to other NYPD precincts, the residential population is also much lower.[62] With a non-fatal assault rate of 10 per 100,000 people, SoHo's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 100 per 100,000 people is also lower than that of the city as a whole.[57]: 8 

The 1st Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 86.3% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct saw 1 murder, 23 rapes, 80 robberies, 61 felony assaults, 85 burglaries, 1,085 grand larcenies, and 21 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[63]

Fire safety

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SoHo is served by two New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations:[64]

• Engine Co. 24/Ladder Company 5/Battalion 2 – 227 6th Avenue[65]
• Ladder Company 20/Division 1 – 253 Lafayette Street[66]

Health

[edit]

Preterm births are more common in SoHo and Greenwich Village than in other places citywide, though teenage births are less common. In SoHo and Greenwich Village, there were 91 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 1 teenage birth per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though the teenage birth rate is based on a small sample size.[57]: 11  SoHo and Greenwich Village have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size.[57]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in SoHo and Greenwich Village is 0.0095 milligrams per cubic metre (9.5×10−9 oz/ft3), more than the city average.[57]: 9  Sixteen percent of SoHo and Greenwich Village residents are smokers, which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[57]: 13  In SoHo and Greenwich Village, 4% of residents are obese, 3% are diabetic, and 15% have high blood pressure, the lowest rates in the city – compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[57]: 16  In addition, 5% of children are obese, the lowest rate in the city, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[57]: 12 

Ninety-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is more than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 91% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%.[57]: 13  For every supermarket in SoHo and Greenwich Village, there are 7 bodegas.[57]: 10 

The nearest major hospitals are the Bellevue Hospital Center and NYU Langone Medical Center in Kips Bay, and NewYork-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital in the Civic Center area.[67][68] In addition, Beth Israel Medical Center in Stuyvesant Town operated until 2025.[69]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

[edit]

SoHo is within two primary ZIP Codes. The area north of Broome Street is in 10012 while the area south of Broome Street is in 10013.[70] The United States Postal Service operates two post offices near SoHo both in ZIP 10014:

• Village Station – 201 Varick Street at King Street.[71]
• West Village Station – 527 Hudson Street between West 10th and Charles streets.[72]

Education

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SoHo and Greenwich Village generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city. The vast majority of residents age 25 and older (84%) have a college education or higher, while 4% have less than a high school education and 12% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[57]: 6  The percentage of SoHo and Greenwich Village students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period.[73]

SoHo and Greenwich Village's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In SoHo and Greenwich Village, 7% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%.[58]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [57]: 6  Additionally, 91% of high school students in SoHo and Greenwich Village graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[57]: 6 

Schools

[edit]

There are no New York City Department of Education schools in SoHo, although there are several just outside its borders, including:

• Broome Street Academy Charter School (M522, 121 Avenue of the Americas)[74]
• Chelsea Career & Technical Education High School (M615, 131 Avenue of the Americas)[75]
• NYC Ischool (M376, 131 Avenue of the Americas)[76]
• P.S. 130 Hernando de Soto School (M130, 143 Baxter Street)[77]
• Unity Center for Urban Technologies (M500, 121 Avenue of the Americas)[78]

The Montessori School in SoHo is at 75 Sullivan Street.[79]

Library

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The New York Public Library's Mulberry Street branch is located at 10 Jersey Street, where it occupies three floors of a former SoHo chocolate factory, including two basement levels.[80]

Transportation

[edit]

Vehicles

[edit]

By vehicle, SoHo borders the Holland Tunnel, which carries vehicular traffic under the Hudson River, connecting SoHo and Lower Manhattan with Jersey City and New Jersey to its west.

Subway

[edit]

SoHo can be reached by the New York City Subway, using the A, ​C, and ​E trains to Spring Street; 1 and ​2 trains to Houston Street; the N, ​Q, ​R, and ​W trains to Prince Street; and the 4, ​6, and <6> trains to Spring Street. The crosstown M21 on Houston Street and the north–south M1, M55 bus routes also serve the neighborhood.[81]

See also

[edit]

• Leslie Lohman Gay Art Foundation
• Soho Grand Hotel
• Vesuvio Playground
• SoHo Memory Project

References

[edit]

Informational notes

1. ^ The coining of "SoHo" for "South of Houston" began a naming convention that became a model for the names of emerging and re-purposed neighborhoods in New York such as TriBeCa for "Triangle Below Canal Street", DUMBO ("Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass"), NoHo ("North of Houston Street"), NoLIta ("North of Little Italy") and NoMad ("North of Madison Square"), among others.
2. ^ Neighborhoods in New York City do not have official status, and their boundaries are not specifically set by the city, although the boundaries of related areas, such as zoning districts and historic districts are set and specific. Because of this, the definition of where neighborhoods begin and end is subject to a variety of forces, including the efforts of real estate concerns to promote certain areas, the use of neighborhood names in media news reports, and the everyday usage of people.[12]

Citations

1. ^ a b "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
2. ^ a b c d "Soho neighborhood in New York". Retrieved March 18, 2019.
3. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
4. ^ As in, for example, "Soho, New York, guide: The best of the neighborhood". Time Out New York. Retrieved December 27, 2013. Sweeney, Sean (October 17, 2013). "Secret vote on the Soho BID was some tricky business". The Villager. Greenwich Village, New York City. Retrieved December 27, 2013. Strickland, Julie (October 18, 2013). "Soho BID gets green light amid community opposition". New York City: TheRealDeal.com. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
5. ^ SoHo, New York – Mixed Use, Density and the Power of Myth Archived July 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Barr, Alistair – Architect
6. ^ Hevesi, Dennis. "Obituary: Chester Rapkin, 82, Urban Planning Theorist" The New York Times (February 3, 2001)
7. ^ Rapkin, Chester. The South Houston Industrial Area (Prepared for the City of New York, City Planning Commission, Department of City Planning, 1963)
8. ^ a b c White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
9. ^ Soho Cast-Iron Historic District Archived June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, National Park Service, n.d. Accessed March 26, 2011.
10. ^ Karen Graham Wade; Marjorie Pearson; James T. Dillon; et al. (n.d.). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: SoHo–Cast Iron Historic District" (pdf). National Park Service. and Accompanying photos, various dates (6.49 MB)
11. ^ Koppel, Niko. "Restoring New York Streets to Their Bumpier Pasts" The New York Times (July 18, 2010)
12. ^ Scherzer, Kenneth A. "neighborhoods" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2., pp.886-87. Quote: "Most neighborhoods in New York have a generally recognized central district, but their boundaries are difficult to define, especially if the population is transient and heterogeneous, the neighborhood is centrally situated, or the question of boundaries is politically sensitive ... Perceptions play a large role in shaping the evolution of neighborhoods: areas that are perceived as desirable tend to grow and prosper, which in turn makes them more desirable. At the same time the boundaries of a prosperous neighborhood inevitably expands, which serves the interests of residents of adjoining areas, of real estate brokers and speculators, and sometimes of government. A similar process works in reverse to the detriment of declining neighborhoods. Sometimes neighborhoods are renamed in an effort to improve their image."
13. ^ Shulman, Wendy (November 24, 1974) "SoHo a 'Victim of its Own Success'" The New York Times
14. ^ Jacobsen, Aileen (April 27, 2016) "SoHo: Chic Stores and Cobblestones" The New York Times
15. ^ a b c d Gold, Joyce. "SoHo" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2., pp.1202-03
16. ^ "Soho, Manhattan" Google Maps". Accessed: April 15, 2017
17. ^ Staff "Neighborhood Profile: SoHo" Archived May 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine New York. Accessed: April 15, 2017
18. ^ "Community Portal: Manhattan Community District 2" nyc.gov. Accessed: April 18, 2017
19. ^ a b Community Board No. 2, Manhattan, New York City. 2014. Accessed April 5, 2019.
20. ^ Wilson, Clare. "Living in: West SoHo; Eschewing a Name and Becoming an Address". The New York Times (August 15, 2004)
21. ^ White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.185
22. ^ Let Your Voice Be Heard: A Guide to Manhattan's Community Boards, map, June 3, 2006.
23. ^ New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission "SoHo–Cast Iron Historic District Extension Map" Archived February 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
24. ^ Designation Report, p.1
25. ^ a b Designation Report, p. 4
26. ^ a b c d e f Designation Report, p.5
27. ^ a b c Designation Report. p.6
28. ^ "West Broadway: once a slum called 'Rotten Row'". Ephemeral New York. March 16, 2011.
29. ^ a b c Designation Report, p.7
30. ^ a b Designation Report, p.8
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Bibliography

• "SoHo – Cast-Iron Historic District Designation Report" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. August 14, 1973. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 15, 2017.

External links

[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to SoHo, Manhattan. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Manhattan/SoHo.

• SoHo Alliance Community organization
• SoHo, New York – Mixed Use, Density and the Power of Myth by Alistair Barr, Architect

v t e SoHo, South Village, and Nolita
Manhattan, New York City
Green spaces	DeSalvio Playground Elizabeth Street Garden Petrosino Square Vesuvio Playground
Religion	Church of the Messiah St. Anthony of Padua Church St. Patrick's Old Cathedral San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel Soho Synagogue Former Church of the Divine Unity Spring Street Presbyterian Church St. Alphonsus Ligouri Church
Culture/community	Restaurants Balthazar Hirohisa Le Coucou Estela Fanelli Cafe Hamburger America Lombardi's Pizza SOB's Taïm The Musket Room Torrisi Theaters and art Drawing Center HERE Arts Center Holly Solomon Gallery New York Earth Room Performing Garage Recess Activities Sean Kelly Gallery Staley-Wise Gallery Storefront for Art and Architecture Team Gallery Terrain Gallery The Broken Kilometer The Wall Hotels The Bowery House The Dominick The Mercer Hotel Soho Grand Hotel Westchester House Museums Children's Museum of the Arts Dahesh Museum of Art Filipino American Museum Leslie-Lohman Museum of Art New York City Fire Museum World of McIntosh Experience Center Other Judson Health Center Former Aquagrill Artists' Choice Museum Fiamma Osteria FOOD Greene St. Recording Guggenheim Museum SoHo Jen Bekman Gallery Manhattan Brewing Company Mimi Ferzt Gallery Moondance Diner Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art Niblo's Garden OK Harris Gallery Public Rebelle St. Nicholas Hotel Theatre Comique Uncle Boons Veruka
Buildings	10 Sullivan 25-27 Mercer Street 83–85 Sullivan Street 109 Prince Street 116 Sullivan Street 155 Mercer Street 203 Prince Street 211 Elizabeth 240 Centre Street 462 Broadway A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse Chelsea Career & Technical Education High School E. V. Haughwout Building Fourteenth Ward Industrial School Germania Bank Building Gunther Building New Era Building Odd Fellows Hall Puck Building St. Patrick's Old Cathedral School Scholastic Building
Transportation	Subway stations Broadway–Lafayette Street/Bleecker Street Canal Street/Broadway/Centre St/Lafayette St Canal Street/Sixth Avenue Canal Street/Varick Street Houston Street Prince Street Spring Street/Lafayette Street Spring Street/Sixth Avenue Streets Sixth Avenue Bowery Broome Street Canal Street Grand Street Greenwich Street Houston Street MacDougal Street Mercer Street Prince Street Spring Street Sullivan Street Thompson Street West Broadway Wooster Street
See also: Manhattan Community Board 2, Manhattan Community Board 3

v t e Neighborhoods in the New York City borough of Manhattan
Lower Manhattanbelow 14th St	Alphabet City Battery Park City Bowery Chinatown Civic Center Cooperative Village Dimes Square East Village Essex Crossing Financial District Greenwich Village Hudson Square Little Australia Little Fuzhou Little Italy Loisaida Lower East Side Meatpacking District NoHo Nolita SoHo South Street Seaport South Village Tribeca Two Bridges Ukrainian Village West Village World Trade Center
Midtown Manhattan	Columbus Circle Diamond District Flatiron District Garment District Herald Square Koreatown Madison Square Midtown South NoMad Silicon Alley Theater District Times Square
West Side	Chelsea Hell's Kitchen Hudson Yards development Lincoln Square Manhattan Valley Penn South Pomander Walk Riverside South Upper West Side
East Side	Carnegie Hill Gramercy Park Kips Bay Lenox Hill Murray Hill Peter Cooper Village Rose Hill Stuyvesant Square Stuyvesant Town Sutton Place Tudor City Turtle Bay Union Square Upper East Side Waterside Plaza Yorkville
Upper Manhattanabove 110th St	Astor Row East Harlem Fort George Hamilton Heights Harlem Hudson Heights Inwood Le Petit Sénégal Manhattanville Marble Hill (Bx CB 8) Mount Morris Park Morningside Heights Sugar Hill Sylvan Washington Heights
Islands	Ellis Island Governors Island Liberty Island Randalls and Wards Islands Roosevelt Island
Former	Five Points Gas House District Jones's Wood Ladies' Mile Little Germany Little Spain Little Syria Manhattantown Radio Row San Juan Hill Seneca Village Tenderloin Yiddish Theatre District

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
Historic districts 322–344 East 69th Street Audubon Terrace Bowery Central Park West Charlton–King–Vandam Chelsea Chinatown and Little Italy East 73rd Street Fort Tryon Park Fulton–Nassau Gramercy Park Greenwich Village Hamilton Heights Jumel Terrace Lower East Side MacDougal–Sullivan Gardens Manhattan Avenue–West 120th–123rd Streets Meatpacking District Mount Morris Park Residences at 5-15 West 54th Street St. Nicholas Sniffen Court SoHo South Street Seaport St. Mark's Stuyvesant Square Sugar Hill Tudor City Turtle Bay Gardens Upper East Side Wall Street West 147th–149th Streets
Cemeteries African Burial Ground National Monument First Shearith Israel Graveyard Harlem African Burial Ground New York City Marble Cemetery New York Marble Cemetery Trinity Church Cemetery
Clubhouses American Fine Arts Society Casa Italiana Century Association Civic Club / Estonian House Colony Club Delta Psi, Alpha Chapter building Engineering Societies' Building Engineers' Club Building Grolier Club Harvard Club of New York City Henry Street Settlement Lambs Club The Level Club New York City Bar Association New York City Center New York Yacht Club Norwood Club Odd Fellows Hall The Players Racquet and Tennis Club Salmagundi Club University Club of New York University Settlement Society of New York Women's Liberation Center Women's National Republican Club
Commercial buildings Office buildings 1 Broadway 1 Hanover Square 1 Wall Street Court 108 Leonard 116 John Street 23 Wall Street 254–260 Canal Street 330 West 42nd Street 361 Broadway 40 Wall Street 48 Wall Street 488 Madison Avenue 49 Chambers 56 Pine Street 63 Wall Street 90 West Street American Radiator Building Bayard–Condict Building Bell Laboratories Building Broad Exchange Building Candler Building Cary Building Century Building Chamber of Commerce Building Chanin Building Chrysler Building Church Missions House Corbin Building Daily News Building Decker Building Empire Building Empire State Building Equitable Building Film Center Building Flatiron Building Fred F. French Building General Electric Building House of the New York City Bar Association Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building Lever House Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower New York County Lawyers' Association Building New York Evening Post Building New York Life Building Old New York Evening Post Building Park Row Building Puck Building Rockefeller Center Schermerhorn Row Block Scribner Building Seagram Building W New York Union Square Woolworth Building Drinking establishments Fraunces Tavern Julius Minton's Playhouse Stonewall Inn Stores,other commercial 170–176 John Street 280 Broadway 287 Broadway 452 Fifth Avenue 55 Wall Street 75 Murray Street American Bank Note Company Building American Stock Exchange Building Apple Bank Building Bank of the Metropolis Barclay–Vesey Building Bowery Savings Bank Building Chelsea Market David S. Brown Store De Vinne Press Building E. V. Haughwout Building Greenwich Savings Bank Building Kitchen, Montross & Wilcox Store Lincoln Building Macy's Herald Square Metropolitan Savings Bank Building Mount Morris Bank Building New York Amsterdam News Building New York Savings Bank Building New York Stock Exchange Building Park and Tilford Building R. C. Williams Warehouse Robbins & Appleton Building Schermerhorn Building Sheffield Farms Stable Tiffany and Company Building United Charities Building Van Tassell and Kearney Horse Auction Mart
Educational buildings Colleges and schools Barnard Hall Brown Building City College Quadrangle Claremont Riding Academy Cooper Union Earl Hall Founder's Hall Fourteenth Ward Industrial School Marymount School of New York Milbank, Brinckerhoff, and Fiske Halls New York School of Applied Design for Women P.S. 9 P.S. 135 P.S. 157 Philosophy Hall Pupin Hall St. Walburga's Academy Union Theological Seminary Libraries 115th Street Library General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of the City of New York Hamilton Grange Library Jefferson Market Library Low Memorial Library Morgan Library & Museum New York Public Library Main Branch New York Society Library Ottendorfer Public Library and Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture Yorkville Library
Government buildings Post office buildings Canal Street Station Church Street Station Cooper Station Inwood Station James A. Farley Building Knickerbocker Station Lenox Hill Station Madison Square Station Old Chelsea Station Courthouse Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State Harlem Courthouse Surrogate's Courthouse Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse Tweed Courthouse Other governmental 1st Police Precinct Station House 240 Centre Street Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House Blackwell Island Light Block House New York City Hall City Pier A Federal Hall Federal Office Building Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building Firehouse, Engine Company 31 Firehouse, Engine Company 33 and Ladder Company 9 Gracie Mansion Harlem Fire Watchtower Little Red Lighthouse Manhattan Municipal Building Municipal Asphalt Plant
Hospital buildings City Hospital Gouverneur Health Mount Sinai Morningside The Octagon R & S Building Smallpox Hospital Society for the Lying-In Hospital Strecker Memorial Laboratory
Hotel buildings Barbizon 63 The Chatwal New York George Washington Hotel Gilsey House Grand Hotel Hotel Albert Hotel Chelsea Hotel Gerard Hotel Seville NoMad Hotel Theresa The Knickerbocker Hotel Martinique Hotel Plaza Hotel Times Square Hotel Webster Hotel Westchester House
Military facilities 69th Regiment Armory 369th Regiment Armory Castle Clinton Castle Williams First Battery Armory Fort Jay Fort Washington Avenue Armory Park Avenue Armory Fort Washington
Museums and memorials American Museum of Natural History Castle Clinton Castle Williams Dyckman House Eldridge Street Synagogue Federal Hall Fraunces Tavern Gracie Mansion Grant's Tomb Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Hamilton Grange National Memorial Lower East Side Tenement Museum Merchant's House Museum Morgan Library & Museum Morris–Jumel Mansion Mount Vernon Hotel Museum Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site South Street Seaport Statue of Liberty The Met Fifth Avenue Whitney Museum of American Art
Parks and recreation Asser Levy Recreation Center Bowling Green Bryant Park Central Park Duffy Square Fort Tryon Park Governors Island National Monument Greenacre Park Marcus Garvey Park Riverside Park Statue of Liberty National Monument Union Square Verdi Square
Religious buildings Churches Chapel of the Good Shepherd Church of Notre Dame Church of St. Ignatius Loyola Church of St. Mary the Virgin Church of St. Vincent Ferrer Church of Sweden in New York Church of the Ascension, Episcopal Church of the Heavenly Rest Church of the Holy Apostles Church of the Holy Communion and Buildings Church of the Immaculate Conception and Clergy Houses Church of the Incarnation, Episcopal Church of the Intercession Church of the Transfiguration, Episcopal Church of the Transfiguration, Roman Catholic Eleventh Street Methodist Episcopal Chapel Elmendorf Reformed Church First Hungarian Reformed Church of New York First Roumanian-American Congregation Fort Washington Presbyterian Church German Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Mark Grace Church Holy Trinity Church Holyrood Episcopal Church John Street Methodist Church Judson Memorial Church Marble Collegiate Church Mariner's Temple Metropolitan Baptist Church Riverside Church Saint Luke's Lutheran Church Saint Thomas Church Sea and Land Church Second Church of Christ, Scientist St. Andrew's Episcopal Church St. Augustine's Church St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church St. Cecilia Church and Convent St. George's Episcopal Church St. Ignatius of Antioch Church St. James Roman Catholic Church St. Jean Baptiste Roman Catholic Church St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery St. Michael's Episcopal Church St. Patrick's Cathedral St. Patrick's Old Cathedral St. Paul the Apostle Church St. Paul's Chapel St. Peter's Church St. Peter's Lutheran Church St. Philip's Episcopal Church Trinity Chapel Complex Trinity Church Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan West End Collegiate Church Zion-St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church Synagogues The Actors' Temple B'nai Jeshurun Beth Hamedrash Hagodol Bialystoker Synagogue Central Synagogue Congregation Ohab Zedek Eldridge Street Synagogue Hebrew Tabernacle of Washington Heights Kehila Kedosha Janina Old Broadway Synagogue Park East Synagogue Ramath Orah Stanton Street Synagogue Temple Israel of the City of New York
Residential buildings Houses 51 Market Street 83 and 85 Sullivan Street 131 Charles Street 146 East 38th Street 203 East 29th Street 203 Prince Street 311 and 313 East 58th Street 647 Fifth Avenue Adelaide L. T. Douglas House Admiral's House Alfred E. Smith House Andrew Carnegie Mansion Benjamin N. Duke House Blackwell House Cartier Building Charlie Parker Residence Chester A. Arthur Home Daniel LeRoy House Duke Ellington House Dyckman House East 80th Street Houses Edward Mooney House Felix M. Warburg House General Winfield Scott House George F. Baker Jr. Houses Gertrude Rhinelander Waldo House Governor's House Gracie Mansion Hamilton Fish House Hamilton Grange National Memorial Harry F. Sinclair House Henry Clay Frick House Houses at 157–165 East 78th Street Houses at 208–218 East 78th Street Isaac L. Rice Mansion Isaac T. Hopper House James A. Burden House James B. Duke House James Bailey House James Brown House James F. D. Lanier Residence James Watson House Joseph Raphael De Lamar House Langston Hughes House Lescaze House Lewis G. Morris House Lucy Drexel Dahlgren House Margaret Sanger Clinic Merchant's House Museum Morris–Jumel Mansion Mrs. Graham Fair Vanderbilt House New York Amsterdam News Building Otto H. Kahn House Park Avenue Houses Pomander Walk Samuel J. Tilden House Sara Delano Roosevelt Memorial House Schinasi Mansion St. Mark's Historic District Stephen Van Rensselaer House Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site Villard Houses Will Marion Cook House William Goadby Loew House William H. Moore House Apartments,other residential 1 Wall Street Court 21 West Street 45 East 66th Street 49 Chambers 88 Greenwich Street 90 West Street 108 Leonard 240 Central Park South 240 Centre Street 287 Broadway 555 Edgecombe Avenue 1261 Madison Avenue Alwyn Court American Thread Building Association Residence Nursing Home Bank of the Metropolis Barbizon 63 Barclay–Vesey Building Brooks and Hewitt Halls Cherokee Apartments Christodora House Colonnade Row Dunbar Apartments First Houses Harlem River Houses Harlem YMCA Hudson View Gardens International House of New York Ivey Delph Apartments James Weldon Johnson Residence Liberty Tower Lower East Side Tenement Museum Master Apartments Matthew Henson Residence Metro North Plaza New York Cancer Hospital Penn South Puck Building Red House The Ansonia The Apthorp The Belnord The Dakota The Dorilton The Octagon The Osborne The Sofia The Wilbraham Westbeth Artists Community
Theatres Apollo Theater Beacon Theatre Bouwerie Lane Theatre Carnegie Hall Ed Sullivan Theater Hudson Theatre New Amsterdam Theatre New York City Center The Public Theater Radio City Music Hall Samuel J. Friedman Theatre The Town Hall Village East by Angelika
Transportation Bridges and tunnels Brooklyn Bridge High Bridge Holland Tunnel Joralemon Street Tunnel Manhattan Bridge New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge Park Avenue Viaduct Queensboro Bridge Washington Bridge Railway and subway stations 14th Street–Union Square 28th Street 28th Street 33rd Street 59th Street–Columbus Circle 72nd Street 79th Street 86th Street Cathedral Parkway–110th Street 116th Street–Columbia University 125th Street 145th Street 168th Street 181st Street 181st Street 190th Street Astor Place Bleecker Street Bowling Green Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall/Chambers Street Chambers Street City Hall Dyckman Street Grand Central Terminal Times Square–42nd Street Wall Street West Fourth Street–Washington Square Substations Dyckman-Hillside Substation Substation 7 Substation 219 Strecker Memorial Laboratory Ships Admiral Dewey Ambrose Circle Line X Frying Pan Intrepid John J. Harvey Lettie G. Howard Lilac Shearwater W. O. Decker Wavertree Yankee Others Battery Maritime Building City Pier A Pier 57
Others Columbus Monument Croton Aqueduct Gate House Giuseppe Verdi Monument Space Shuttle Enterprise
Former Florence Mills House
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan (Islands, Below 14th St., 14th–59th Sts., 59th–110th Sts., Above 110th St.) and List of National Historic Landmarks in New York CityNote: National Historic Landmarks are not listed separately.

Authority control databases
National	Czech Republic Israel
Geographic	MusicBrainz area
Other	Yale LUX