The Shot Put - Athletics - Britannica

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Decathlon and heptathlon

Rafer Johnson
Rafer JohnsonAmerican athlete Rafer Johnson participating in the shot put event of the decathlon at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome.(more)

Both men and women participate in multi-event competitions, the men in the 10-event decathlon and the women in the 7-event heptathlon, which superseded the earlier pentathlon. The competitions, which require a two-day schedule, are held basically at international meets and national championships. In the United States they also are scheduled in many college conference championships.

Each athlete is given points for performance in each event, with more points awarded for better marks. The athlete with the most total points wins.

Men compete in five events each day, doing consecutively the 100 meters, long jump, shot put, high jump, and 400 meters on the first day and the 110-meter hurdles, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw, and 1,500-meter run in that order on the second day. Women do, in order, the 100-meter hurdles, high jump, shot put, and 200 meters on the first day, followed by the long jump, javelin throw, and 800 meters on the second day.

Jim Thorpe, the great all-around American athlete, won the first decathlon, taking the 1912 Olympic Games contest, and for many years it was mostly an American event. Bob Mathias (U.S.) won his first decathlon at age 17 in 1948 and repeated it four years later. Another two-time winner was Daley Thompson of England, victorious in 1980 and 1984. Notable in the heptathlon was Jackie Joyner-Kersee (U.S.), a record setter and winner at the 1987 World Championships and 1988 Olympics; Carolina Klüft (Sweden), the 2004 Olympic gold medalist; and Jessica Ennis-Hill (U.K.), the 2012 Olympic gold medalist.

Bert Nelson The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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