Trauma - Wiktionary

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See also: Trauma and traumą

English

[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:traumaWikipedia

Etymology

[edit]

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈtɹɔː.mə/, /ˈtɹaʊ.mə/
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈtɹɔ.mə/, /ˈtɹaʊ.mə/
    • (cot–caught merger) IPA(key): /ˈtɹɑ.mə/
  • Rhymes: -ɔːmə, -aʊmə

Noun

[edit]

trauma (countable and uncountable, plural traumas or traumata)

  1. Any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident. Synonym: insult
    • 2020 January 26, Leah Asmelash, “Why traumatic brain injuries can be dangerous”, in CNN‎[1]:Repeated trauma or shaking to the brain can be even worse, leading to chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE.
  2. An emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
    • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in The Guardian‎[2]:Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.
    • 2025 April 28, Madeline Holcombe, “It might be time to ‘reparent’ yourself. Here’s how to get started”, in CNN‎[3]:And although it doesn’t mean acting like an infant again, it does require recognizing that many of the thoughts and behaviors you’d like to change come from lingering feelings of childhood traumas or your inner child, said Dr. Avigail Lev, a licensed clinical psychologist at the Bay Area CBT Center in San Francisco.
  3. An event that causes great distress.

Derived terms

[edit]
  • atelectrauma
  • barotrauma
  • biotrauma
  • dialytrauma
  • geotrauma
  • macrotrauma
  • microtrauma
  • monotrauma
  • multitrauma
  • myotrauma
  • neurotrauma
  • nontrauma
  • oxytrauma
  • phonotrauma
  • polytrauma
  • posttrauma
  • psychotrauma
  • rape trauma syndrome
  • rheotrauma
  • suspension trauma
  • trauma centre
  • traumacore
  • trauma dump
  • trauma dumping
  • trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy
  • trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
  • trauma focused cognitive behavioural therapy
  • traumagenic
  • trauma incidence reduction
  • trauma-informed
  • traumaless
  • trauma naked
  • trauma plate
  • traumascape
  • trauma scissors
  • trauma shears
  • traumatic
  • traumatise, traumatize
  • traumatism
  • traumatology

Translations

[edit] serious injury to the body
  • Arabic: إِصَابَة f (ʔiṣāba)
  • Armenian: վնասվածք (hy) (vnasvackʻ)
  • Azerbaijani: zədə, travma
  • Belarusian: тра́ўма f (tráwma), ра́на f (rána)
  • Bengali: আঘাত (bn) (aghat)
  • Bulgarian: тра́вма f (trávma), ра́на (bg) f (rána)
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 負傷 / 负伤 (zh) (fùshāng), 損傷 / 损伤 (zh) (sǔnshāng), 外傷 / 外伤 (zh) (wàishāng), 創傷 / 创伤 (zh) (chuāngshāng)
  • Czech: trauma (cs) n, úraz (cs) m
  • Danish: traume n, men (da)
  • Dutch: trauma (nl) n
  • Esperanto: traŭmato
  • Finnish: vamma (fi), ruumiinvamma (fi); trauma (fi) (medical profession jargon)
  • French: traumatisme (fr) m, trauma (fr) m
  • Galician: trauma (gl) f, traumatismo (gl) m
  • Georgian: ტრავმა (ka) (ṭravma)
  • German: Trauma (de) n
  • Greek: τραύμα (el) n (trávma)
  • Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה (he) f (trá'uma)
  • Hindi: आघात (hi) m (āghāt)
  • Hungarian: trauma (hu), sérülés (hu), seb (hu), sebesülés (hu)
  • Indonesian: trauma (id)
  • Italian: trauma (it) m
  • Japanese: 外傷 (ja) (がいしょう, gaishō), 損傷 (ja) (そんしょう, sonshō)
  • Kazakh: жарақат (jaraqat)
  • Korean: 외상(外傷) (oesang), 손상(損傷) (ko) (sonsang)
  • Kyrgyz: жаракат (ky) (jarakat)
  • Macedonian: траума f (trauma)
  • Maori: ngaukino, pāmamaetanga
  • Mongolian: Cyrillic: гэмтэл (mn) (gemtel) Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ (gemtül)
  • Persian: ضربت (fa) (zarbat), ضربه (fa) (zarbe), آسیب (fa) (âsib), جراحت (fa) (jerâhat)
  • Polish: uraz (pl) m, trauma (pl)
  • Portuguese: traumatismo (pt) m
  • Romanian: traumatism (ro) n
  • Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma), ра́на (ru) f (rána) (w)
  • Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: тра̀ума f Roman: tràuma (sh) f
  • Slovak: trauma f, úraz m, zranenie n
  • Slovene: travma f, poškodba (sl) f
  • Spanish: traumatismo (es) m
  • Tajik: осеб (tg) (oseb), ҷароҳат (jarohat)
  • Tatar: җәрәхәт (tt) (cäräxät)
  • Turkish: travma (tr), sakatlık (tr)
  • Ukrainian: тра́вма (uk) f (trávma), ра́на f (rána)
  • Uyghur: جاراھەت (jarahet)
  • Uzbek: travma (uz), yara (uz), jarohat (uz)
  • Vietnamese: chấn thương
emotional wound
  • Afrikaans: trauma
  • Arabic: صَدْمَةٌ عَاطِفِيَّة f (ṣadmatun ʕāṭifiyya)
  • Belarusian: тра́ўма f (tráwma), ра́на f (rána)
  • Bikol Central: raya (bcl)
  • Bulgarian: тра́вма f (trávma)
  • Chinese: Cantonese: 陰影 / 阴影 (jam1 jing2) (informal), 精神創傷 / 精神创伤 (zing1 san4 cong3 soeng1) (formal) Mandarin: 精神創傷 / 精神创伤 (jīngshén chuāngshāng), 心理陰影 / 心理阴影 (xīnlǐ yīnyǐng)
  • Czech: trauma (cs) n
  • Danish: traume n, men (da)
  • Dutch: trauma (nl) n
  • Esperanto: traŭmato
  • Finnish: trauma (fi)
  • French: traumatisme (fr)
  • Galician: trauma (gl) f
  • Georgian: ტრავმა (ka) (ṭravma)
  • German: Trauma (de) n
  • Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה (he) f (trá'uma)
  • Hungarian: trauma (hu), megrázkódtatás (hu)
  • Indonesian: trauma (id)
  • Italian: trauma (it) m
  • Japanese: トラウマ (ja) (torauma), 心的外傷 (しんてきがいしょう, shinteki gaishō), 心の傷 (こころのきず, kokoro no kizu)
  • Korean: 정신적 외상(精神的外傷) (jeongsinjeok oesang)
  • Maori: whētuki, ngaukino
  • Polish: trauma (pl) f, uraz psychiczny m
  • Portuguese: trauma (pt) m
  • Romanian: traumă (ro) f
  • Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma), ра́на (ru) f (rána)
  • Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: тра̀ума f Roman: tràuma (sh) f
  • Spanish: trauma (es) m
  • Turkish: sarsıntı (tr), travma (tr)
  • Ukrainian: тра́вма (uk) f (trávma), ра́на f (rána)
event
  • Afrikaans: trauma
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 痛苦的經歷 / 痛苦的经历 (tòngkǔ de jīnglì), 挫折 (zh) (cuòzhé)
  • Dutch: trauma (nl) n
  • Finnish: trauma (fi)
  • French: traumatisme (fr) m
  • Georgian: ტრავმა (ka) (ṭravma)
  • German: Trauma (de) n
  • Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה (he) f (trá'uma)
  • Hungarian: megrázó/traumatikus esemény
  • Maori: whētuki
  • Portuguese: trauma (pt) m
  • Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma)
  • Spanish: trauma (es) m
  • Turkish: travma (tr)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked
  • Spanish: (please verify) trauma (es) f

References

[edit]
  • “trauma”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
  • trauma in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
  • William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “trauma”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Anagrams

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  • Murata, Tamura, matura

Catalan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈtɾaw.mə]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈtɾaw.ma]
  • Audio (Barcelona):(file)

Noun

[edit]

trauma m (plural traumes)

  1. trauma

Derived terms

[edit]
  • traumatitzar
[edit]
  • traumàtic

Further reading

[edit]
  • “trauma”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
  • “trauma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
  • “trauma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “trauma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from German Trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [ˈtrau̯ma]

Noun

[edit]

trauma n

  1. trauma

Declension

[edit] Declension of trauma (ma-stem neuter)
singular plural
nominative trauma traumata
genitive traumatu traumat
dative traumatu traumatům
accusative trauma traumata
vocative trauma traumata
locative traumatu traumatech
instrumental traumatem traumaty
[edit]
  • traumatický
  • traumatizovat
  • traumatologie

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “trauma”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Further reading

[edit]
  • “trauma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “trauma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “trauma”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Dutch

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈtrɑu̯.maː/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

[edit]

trauma n (plural trauma's or traumata, diminutive traumaatje n)

  1. trauma

Derived terms

[edit]
  • hoofdtrauma
  • trauma-acteur
  • traumahelikopter
  • traumatalogie
  • traumatisch
  • traumatiseren

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Indonesian: trauma

Finnish

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Etymology

[edit]

< Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈtrɑu̯mɑ/, [ˈt̪rɑ̝u̯mɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑumɑ
  • Syllabification(key): trau‧ma
  • Hyphenation(key): trau‧ma

Noun

[edit]

trauma

  1. trauma

Declension

[edit]
Inflection of trauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative trauma traumat
genitive trauman traumojen
partitive traumaa traumoja
illative traumaan traumoihin
singular plural
nominative trauma traumat
accusative nom. trauma traumat
gen. trauman
genitive trauman traumojentraumainrare
partitive traumaa traumoja
inessive traumassa traumoissa
elative traumasta traumoista
illative traumaan traumoihin
adessive traumalla traumoilla
ablative traumalta traumoilta
allative traumalle traumoille
essive traumana traumoina
translative traumaksi traumoiksi
abessive traumatta traumoitta
instructive — traumoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of trauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative traumani traumani
accusative nom. traumani traumani
gen. traumani
genitive traumani traumojenitraumainirare
partitive traumaani traumojani
inessive traumassani traumoissani
elative traumastani traumoistani
illative traumaani traumoihini
adessive traumallani traumoillani
ablative traumaltani traumoiltani
allative traumalleni traumoilleni
essive traumanani traumoinani
translative traumakseni traumoikseni
abessive traumattani traumoittani
instructive — —
comitative — traumoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative traumasi traumasi
accusative nom. traumasi traumasi
gen. traumasi
genitive traumasi traumojesitraumaisirare
partitive traumaasi traumojasi
inessive traumassasi traumoissasi
elative traumastasi traumoistasi
illative traumaasi traumoihisi
adessive traumallasi traumoillasi
ablative traumaltasi traumoiltasi
allative traumallesi traumoillesi
essive traumanasi traumoinasi
translative traumaksesi traumoiksesi
abessive traumattasi traumoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — traumoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative traumamme traumamme
accusative nom. traumamme traumamme
gen. traumamme
genitive traumamme traumojemmetraumaimmerare
partitive traumaamme traumojamme
inessive traumassamme traumoissamme
elative traumastamme traumoistamme
illative traumaamme traumoihimme
adessive traumallamme traumoillamme
ablative traumaltamme traumoiltamme
allative traumallemme traumoillemme
essive traumanamme traumoinamme
translative traumaksemme traumoiksemme
abessive traumattamme traumoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — traumoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative traumanne traumanne
accusative nom. traumanne traumanne
gen. traumanne
genitive traumanne traumojennetraumainnerare
partitive traumaanne traumojanne
inessive traumassanne traumoissanne
elative traumastanne traumoistanne
illative traumaanne traumoihinne
adessive traumallanne traumoillanne
ablative traumaltanne traumoiltanne
allative traumallenne traumoillenne
essive traumananne traumoinanne
translative traumaksenne traumoiksenne
abessive traumattanne traumoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — traumoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative traumansa traumansa
accusative nom. traumansa traumansa
gen. traumansa
genitive traumansa traumojensatraumainsarare
partitive traumaansa traumojaantraumojansa
inessive traumassaantraumassansa traumoissaantraumoissansa
elative traumastaantraumastansa traumoistaantraumoistansa
illative traumaansa traumoihinsa
adessive traumallaantraumallansa traumoillaantraumoillansa
ablative traumaltaantraumaltansa traumoiltaantraumoiltansa
allative traumalleentraumallensa traumoilleentraumoillensa
essive traumanaantraumanansa traumoinaantraumoinansa
translative traumakseentraumaksensa traumoikseentraumoiksensa
abessive traumattaantraumattansa traumoittaantraumoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — traumoineentraumoinensa

Derived terms

[edit] compounds
  • traumaperäinen
  • traumaterapia

Further reading

[edit]
  • “trauma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

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  • maarut, murtaa

French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /tʁo.ma/
  • Audio (France (Vosges)):(file)
  • Audio (France (Somain)):(file)

Noun

[edit]

trauma m (plural traumas)

  1. (medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)
  2. (psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma Synonym: traumatisme psychique

Derived terms

[edit]
  • trauma acoustique
  • trauma auditif
  • trauma parodontal
  • trauma psychique
  • trauma sonore

Further reading

[edit]
  • “trauma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Noun

[edit]

trauma m (plural traumas)

  1. an emotional wound
  2. (medicine) trauma; serious physical injury
[edit]
  • traumático
  • traumatismo
  • traumatizar

Indonesian

[edit]
Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:traumaWikipedia id

Etymology

[edit]

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈtrau̯ma/ [ˈt̪rau̯.ma]
  • Rhymes: -au̯ma
  • Syllabification: trau‧ma

Noun

[edit]

trauma (plural trauma-trauma)

  1. trauma:
    1. an event that causes great distress
    2. (psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury
    3. (surgery, traumatology) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident Synonym: rudapaksa

Derived terms

[edit]
  • bertrauma
  • ketraumaan
  • trauma abdomen
  • trauma akustik
  • trauma akut
  • trauma antargenerasi
  • trauma berat
  • trauma kimia
  • trauma kompleks
  • trauma kronis
  • trauma lahir
  • trauma medis
  • trauma tajam
  • trauma tropisme
  • trauma tumpul
[edit]
  • traumatik
  • traumatis
  • traumatologi

Further reading

[edit]
  • “trauma”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

trauma (plural traumas)

  1. trauma
[edit]
  • traumatic

Italian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈtraw.ma/
  • Rhymes: -awma
  • Hyphenation: tràu‧ma

Noun

[edit]

trauma m (plural traumi)

  1. trauma

Anagrams

[edit]
  • matura, murata, rumata

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈtræʉ̯.mɑ/

Noun

[edit]

trauma n (definite singular traumaet, indefinite plural trauma, definite plural traumaa)

  1. alternative form of traume

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /²træʉ̯.mɑ/

Noun

[edit]

trauma n

  1. definite plural of traume

Polish

[edit]
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:traumaWikipedia pl

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from English trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈtraw.ma/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -awma
  • Syllabification: trau‧ma

Noun

[edit]

trauma f

  1. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body) Synonym: uraz
  2. (psychology) trauma (emotional wound)

Declension

[edit] Declension of trauma
singular plural
nominative trauma traumy
genitive traumy traum
dative traumie traumom
accusative traumę traumy
instrumental traumą traumami
locative traumie traumach
vocative traumo traumy
[edit] adjectives
  • traumatologiczny
  • traumatyczny
nouns
  • traumatolog
  • traumatologia
  • traumatyk
  • traumatyzacja
  • traumatyzm
verb
  • traumatyzować

Further reading

[edit]
  • trauma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • trauma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

[edit]  
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈtɾaw.ma/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.ma]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/
  • Rhymes: -awmɐ
  • Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

[edit]

trauma m (plural traumas)

  1. trauma (emotional wound)
  2. trauma (event that causes great distress)
  3. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body) Synonym: traumatismo

Further reading

[edit]
  • “trauma”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
  • “trauma”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /trǎuma/
  • Hyphenation: tra‧u‧ma

Noun

[edit]

tràuma f (Cyrillic spelling тра̀ума)

  1. trauma

Declension

[edit] Declension of trauma
singular plural
nominative tràuma traume
genitive traume trȁūmā
dative traumi traumama
accusative traumu traume
vocative traumo traume
locative traumi traumama
instrumental traumom traumama

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtɾauma/ [ˈt̪ɾau̯.ma]
  • Rhymes: -auma
  • Syllabification: trau‧ma

Etymology 1

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Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:traumaWikipedia es

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Noun

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trauma m (plural traumas)

  1. (medicine, psychology) trauma
  2. injury; harm Synonym: traumatismo
Derived terms
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  • antitrauma
  • traumado
  • traumático
  • traumatizar

Etymology 2

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Verb

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trauma

  1. inflection of traumar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

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  • “trauma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Anagrams

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  • mutara
  • mutará

Swedish

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Noun

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trauma n

  1. a psychological trauma
  2. (medicine) a physical trauma

Declension

[edit] Declension of trauma
nominative genitive
singular indefinite trauma traumas
definite traumat traumats
plural indefinite trauman traumans
definite traumana traumanas
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  • traumatisera (“traumatize”)
  • traumatisk (“traumatic”)

References

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  • trauma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
  • trauma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
  • trauma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tag » How Do You Spell Trauma