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Footing is one of the most important parts of a structure which transfers loads of a structure to the underlying soil. The selection of footing depend on the following factors.

1 – The depth of the soil at which sage bearing strength exists.

2 – The type and condition of soil

3 The type of the superstructure

Types of footings:

1. Wall footing/strip footing

2. Spread Footings

3. Isolated footings

4. Stepped footings

5. Combined footings

6. Sloped footings

7. Mat or raft foundation

8. Strapped footings

9. Pile foundation

Strip footing:

This is a component of shallow foundation which distributes the weight of a load bearing wall across the area of the ground. It is also known as wall footing.

Strapped footing

In this type of footing, the outer and inner column is connected by a strap beam does not transfer any load to the soil.

Isolated footings:

It is square, circular od individually rectangular slab of uniform thickness, provided under each column.

Stepped footings:

The main purpose of using stepped footing is to keep the metal columns away from direct contact with soil to save them from corrosive effect. They are used to carry the load of metal columns and transmit this load t the below ground.

Combined footings:

When two or more columns are supported by a footing if is called combined footing. This footing may be of rectangular or trapezoidal in plan. Combined footing is provided under following situations.

1. When columns are close to each other and their individual footings overlap.

2. 2 Soil having low bearing capacity and requires more area under individual footing.

3. The column end is situated near the property line and the footing cannot be extended.

Sloped footings:

The strapped footings having sloping top or side faces are known as sloped footings. This type of footing is useful in the construction of formwork.

Raft foundation:

This foundation covers the entire area under the structure. This foundation has only RCC slab covering the whole area or slab and beam together. Raft foundation is adopted when heavy structures are to be constructed on soft made-up ground or marshy sites with uncertain behavior. Raft foundation is also known as mat foundation.

Pile foundation:

A pile foundation is a long cylinder of strong material such as concrete that is pushed into the ground to act as steady support for structures built on top of it.

Pile foundations are used in the following situations:

1. When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer cannot support the weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer.

2. When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such an sin a high rise structure, bridge, or water tank.

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Share 83 2 Comments Chukwuemeka Joseph Ezepue 4y

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Really helpful

Like Reply 1 Reaction Mohan Deva 4y

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Thank you! Update us also types of soil strata for footings..

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