What Causes Anemia In Dogs, And How Is It Treated?

What causes anemia in dogs?

There are a number of conditions which can result in a dog developing anemia. Some of the most common causes of anemia in dogs include:

• Medications that interfere with red blood cell production
• Severe blood loss as a result of accident or injury
• Chronic diseases that suppress red blood cell production
• Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease
• Infectious diseases including canine distemper
• Blood loss caused by parasites 
• Cushing’s disease

• Kidney disease
• Cancer
• Hypothyroidism
• Toxins or poisons
• Intestinal bleeding
• Bone marrow disease
• Poor nutrition

How is anemia in dogs treated?

If your pet is diagnosed with anemia, the treatment recommended by your veterinarian will be focused primarily on the underlying cause of condition. Some of the treatments that your vet may recommend include:

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Blood transfusion
• Intravenous fluids
• Bone marrow transfusion

• Change of existing medications
• Antibiotics or immunosuppressive drugs
• Potassium phosphate supplements
• Gastrointestinal medication
• Parasite or de-worming medications

What is the prognosis for dogs with anemia?

Your dog's successful recovery from anemia will depend upon the availability of effective treatment for the underlying illness. Sadly, anemia can indicate that your dog is suffering from a life-threatening condition such as poisoning, cancer or an autoimmune condition.

If your pet is showing any of signs of anemia contact your veterinarian as soon as possible to schedule an examination. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the successful treatment of many underlying conditions that can lead to anemia in dogs.

How can I prevent my dog from developing anemia?

Preventing anemia in dogs comes down to preventing the conditions that cause anemia (whenever possible). Year round parasite prevention medications to protect your dog against ticks, fleas, and worms is one way to help your dog avoid developing anemia.

Storing toxic substances such as human medications and foods far out of your dog's reach, as well as providing your dog with a healthy diet, may also help to prevent your dog from developing anemia.

If your pet is a breed that is at high risk of developing anemia (American Cocker Spaniels, Labrador Retrievers, Miniature Schnauzers, and Shih Tzus), regular wellness exams twice yearly at your primary care veterinarian may help to detect the signs of anemia early, and provide treatment before the condition becomes more serious.

If your dog is showing symptoms of anemia contact West Chester Veterinary Medical Center to book an appointment, or visit your nearest urgent veterinary care clinic for urgent care.