Mating that has not occurred due to chance, and therefore has had human interference. ex. people who look alike mate more often then they would under totally random conditions. 1. arranged marriages 2. people who
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An Introduction to Evolutionary Thought: Theory, Evidence, and Practice
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When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it is not evolving. Learn how violations of Hardy-Weinberg assumptions lead to evolution.
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Sexual selection and non-random mating are considered, among others, determinant mechanisms for the maintenance of genetic colour polymorphism in some bird species. We analyse the mechanisms, which, in parallel with Mendelian inheritance, may be acting in the maintenance and evolution of the morph ratio in a two-morph raptor species, using observational data of successful breeding individuals and their offspring from long-term studies conducted in three Spanish populations. Our results showed that the dark offspring produced in breeding events involving mixed-morph adult pairs far exceeds the expected value under the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, especially in the case of pairs formed by a light male and a dark female. In addition, the low number of dark eaglets born from pairs formed by light individuals (indistinctly homozygous or heterozygous) indicates that the number of breeding events of heterozygous (both the male and female) light morph pairs, was much lower than expected. As the plausible existence of a transmission ratio distortion phenomenon in heterozygous light morph males does not, alone, explain the disproportionate number of dark eaglets observed, our results suggest that one or two selective mating phenomena may be occurring in this polymorphic system. The first one could be a disassortative mating process whereby heterozygous light males preferentially mate with dark females, based on the imprint of the colour morph of their mother. The second phenomenon would only affect light morph individuals, which would preferentially mate with heterozygous individuals of the opposite sex, selected according to secondary sexual characteristics or behavioural traits that are unknown at the moment.
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bioRxiv - the preprint server for biology, operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a research and educational institution
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Background The risk of long-term unequal contribution of mating pairs to the gene pool is that deleterious recessive genes can be expressed. Such consequences could be alleviated by appropriately designing and optimizing breeding schemes i.e. by improving selection and mating procedures. Methods We studied the effect of mating designs, random, minimum coancestry and minimum covariance of ancestral contributions on rate of inbreeding and genetic gain for schemes with different information sources, i.e. sib test or own performance records, different genetic evaluation methods, i.e. BLUP or genomic selection, and different family structures, i.e. factorial or pair-wise. Results Results showed that substantial differences in rates of inbreeding due to mating design were present under schemes with a pair-wise family structure, for which minimum coancestry turned out to be more effective to generate lower rates of inbreeding. Specifically, substantial reductions in rates of inbreeding were observed in schemes using sib test records and BLUP evaluation. However, with a factorial family structure, differences in rates of inbreeding due mating designs were minor. Moreover, non-random mating had only a small effect in breeding schemes that used genomic evaluation, regardless of the information source. Conclusions It was concluded that minimum coancestry remains an efficient mating design when BLUP is used for genetic evaluation or when the size of the population is small, whereas the effect of non-random mating is smaller in schemes using genomic evaluation.
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assortative mating, in human genetics, a form of nonrandom mating in which pair bonds are established on the basis of phenotype (observable characteristics). For example, a person may choose a mate according to religious, cultural, or ethnic preferences, professional interests, or physical traits. Positive assortative mating, or homogamy, exists when people choose to mate with persons similar to themselves (e.g., when a tall person mates with a tall person); this type of selection is very common. Negative assortative mating is the opposite case, when people avoid mating with persons similar to themselves. Assortative mating also occurs in nonhuman animal populations.
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