Why Do Frozen Turkeys Explode When Deep-fried? | Food & Cooking
Maybe your like
Back to homepageSubscriber Login Keep reading with a digital access subscription. Subscribe now You have permission to edit this article. Edit Close 50° - Sign in
- Subscribe Now
- Manage account
- Logout
-
- Manage account
- e-Newspaper
- Logout
- Bluesky
- YouTube
- Log In
- $1 for 3 monthsSubscribe Now
-
- Manage account
- e-Newspaper
- Logout
- 50° Partly Cloudy
- Bluesky
- Bluesky
- Copy article link
- Bluesky
- Copy article link
When water and boiling oil mix, the result can be explosive, as seen in this demonstration. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Travis Alston/Released via Flickr
Deep-frying a turkey is a great way to get a delicious, moist meal for Thanksgiving. But this method of cooking can be a very dangerous undertaking.
Every fall, millions of dollars of damage, trips to the ER and even deaths result from attempts to deep-fry turkeys. The vast majority of these accidents happen because people put frozen turkeys into boiling oil. If you are considering deep-frying this year, do not forget to thaw and dry your turkey before placing it in the pot. Failure to do so may lead to an explosive disaster.
What is so dangerous about putting even a partially frozen turkey in a deep-fryer?
I am a chemist who studies plant, fungal and animal compounds and have a love of food chemistry. The reason frozen turkeys explode, at its core, has to do with differences in density. There is a difference in density between oil and water and differences in the density of water between its solid, liquid and gas states. When these density differences interact in just the right way, you get an explosion.
People are also reading…
If water and oil are in the same container, the denser water will sink to the bottom. Daniel Merino, CC BY-ND
Understanding density
Density is how much an object weighs given a specific volume. For example, imagine you held an ice cube in one hand and a marshmallow in the other. While they are roughly the same size, the ice cube is heavier: It is more dense.
The first important density difference when it comes to frying is that water is more dense than oil. This has to do with how tightly the molecules of each substance pack together and how heavy the atoms are that make up each liquid.
Water molecules are small and pack tightly together. Oil molecules are much larger and don’t pack together as well by comparison. Additionally, water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, while oils are predominantly carbon and hydrogen. Oxygen is heavier than carbon. This means that, for example, one cup of water has more atoms than one cup of oil, and those individuals atoms are heavier. This is why oil floats on top of water. It is less dense.
While different materials have different densities, liquids, solids and gases of a single material can have different densities as well. You observe this every time you place an ice cube in a glass of water: The ice floats to the top because it is less dense than water.
When water absorbs heat, it changes to its gas phase, steam. Steam occupies 1,700 times the volume as the same number of liquid water molecules. You observe this effect when you boil water in a tea kettle. The force of expanding gas pushes steam out of the kettle through the whistle, causing the squealing noise.
Frozen turkeys are filled with water
Deep-frying a turkey can be safe as long as the turkey is thawed and dried. YinYang/E+ via Getty Images
Frozen turkeys – or any kind of frozen meats, for that matter – contain a lot of ice. Raw meat can be anywhere from 56% to 73% water. If you have ever thawed a frozen piece of meat, you have probably seen all the liquid that comes out.
For deep-frying, cooking oil is heated to around 350 degrees Fahrenheit (175 C). This is much hotter than the boiling point of water, which is 212 F (100 C). So when the ice in a frozen turkey comes in contact with the hot oil, the surface ice quickly turns to steam.
This quick transition is not a problem when it happens at the very surface of the oil. The steam escapes harmlessly into the air.
However, when you submerge a turkey into the oil, the ice inside the turkey absorbs the heat and melts, forming liquid water. Here is where the density comes into play.
This liquid water is more dense than the oil, so it falls to the bottom of the pot. The water molecules continue to absorb heat and energy and eventually they change phases and become steam. The water molecules then rapidly spread far apart from one another and the volume expands by 1,700 times. This expansion causes the density of the water to drop to a fraction of a percent of the density of the oil, so the gas wants to quickly rise to the surface.
[More than 140,000 readers get one of The Conversation’s informative newsletters. Join the list today.]
Combine the fast change in density together with the expansion of volume and you get an explosion. The steam expands and rises, blowing the boiling oil out the pot. If that weren’t dangerous enough, as the displaced oil comes into contact with a burner or flame, it can catch fire. Once some droplets of oil catch on fire, the flames will quickly ignite nearby oil molecules, resulting in a fast-moving and often catastrophic fire.
Every year, thousands of accidents like this happen. So, should you decide to deep-fry a turkey for this year’s Thanksgiving, be sure to thoroughly thaw it and pat it dry. And next time you add a bit of liquid to an oil-filled pan and end up with oil all over the stove, you’ll know the science of why.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.
3 mini-pies from TikTok to make for Thanksgiving
1. Two Bite Cherry Pies
These ravioli-sized cherry pie bites from @fedbysab are perfect for holiday parties where guests mingle while they eat rather than sit around the table. The only problem is that they might be gone too fast.
@fedbysabTwo Bite Cherry Pies 🍒🥧 Comment your favourite pie! ##easybakingrecipes ##cherrydessert ##minipies ##pierecipe
♬ Quirky - Oleg Kirilkov
2. Mini Cream Cheese Pumpkin Pie
This tiny cream cheese pumpkin pie from @socialsami’s page combines everything you love about cheesecake and pumpkin pie in one adorable bite-sized package. Use pumpkin cookie cutters for an even cuter look.
@socialsamiCHEESECAKE PUMPKIN PIESSSS @Jenna (recipe) ##bakingtiktok ##pumpkinpie ##thanksgivingdesserts ##bakingtok ##foodies
♬ Fall Morning Coffee - Jet Killa Music
3. Tiny Apple Pies
These mini-apple pies from @emilylfigueroa won’t just be a fall and winter party staple. You’ll probably want to make them every month of the year, especially through picnic season.
@emilylfigueroaapple pies but this 👌🏼 smol - 🥧 ##makeitmini ##applepie ##minipie ##foodtiktok ##bakingszn ##thanksgiving
♬ Paris Loves Lovers (Instrumental) - Cole Porter (composer), The MGM Studio Orchestra
Subscribe to stay connected to Tucson. A subscription helps you access more of the local stories that keep you connected to the community.
Be the first to know
Get local news delivered to your inbox!
Sign up! * I understand and agree that registration on or use of this site constitutes agreement to its user agreement and privacy policy.Related to this story
Close When water and boiling oil mix, the result can be explosive, as seen in this demonstration. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Travis Alston/Released via Flickr
- Bluesky
- Copy article link
If water and oil are in the same container, the denser water will sink to the bottom. Daniel Merino, CC BY-ND
- Bluesky
- Copy article link
Deep-frying a turkey can be safe as long as the turkey is thawed and dried. YinYang/E+ via Getty Images
- Bluesky
- Copy article link
- Notifications
- Settings
Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device.
Topics
News Alerts
SubscribeBreaking News
SubscribeTag » Why Do Turkeys Blow Up
-
Why Do Frozen Turkeys Explode When Deep-fried? | PBS NewsHour
-
Why Do Frozen Turkeys Explode When Deep-fried? - Britannica
-
Why Turkey Fryers Explode - Food And Recipes | HowStuffWorks
-
Why Turkeys Explode And How To Prevent It - YouTube
-
Why Frozen Turkeys Explode When They're Deep-Fried
-
Why Do Deep Fried Turkeys Explode, And Is There Any Way To Avoid This?
-
Why Do Some Turkeys Explode While Cooking - Spectrum News
-
When Turkeys Attack: Don't Get Burned By Your Deep-Fried Turkey
-
Why Do Frozen Turkeys Explode When Deep-fried? - Pixstory
-
What Not To Do On Thanksgiving: 15 Greatest Deep-fried Turkey ...
-
Why Do Frozen Turkeys Explode When Deep-fried? | Food And Cooking
-
Why Do Turkeys Explode? Take The Cause Mapping® Challenge
-
How To Make Sure Your Deep-Fried Thanksgiving Turkey Doesn't ...
-
Video: Watch Thanksgiving Turkey Explode And Tips On How To Avoid ...