From Proto-Hellenic*Dzéus, related to Mycenaean Greek𐀇𐀺(di-wo/diwos/); from Proto-Indo-European*dyḗws. Cognate with Sanskritद्यु(dyú), LatinIovis (and *Iu- in Iuppiter), Old EnglishTīw, Hittite𒅆𒍑(sius).
Pronunciation
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IPA(key): /zděu̯s/ → /ˈzeɸs/ → /ˈzefs/
(5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /zděu̯s/
(1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈzeʍs/
(4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈzeɸs/
(10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈzefs/
(15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈzefs/
Proper noun
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Ζεύς • (Zeús) m (genitive Δῐός or Δῐϝός or Ζεός); third declension
(Greek mythology) Zeus Παῦε λέγων, μὰ τὸν ΔίαPaûe légōn, mà tòn DíaStop talking, by Zeus
6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 1. :Ὦ ᾰ̓νᾰ, Λητοῦς υἱέ, Δῐὸς τέκοςÔ ănă, Lētoûs huié, Dĭòs tékosOh Lord! Oh son of Leto! Oh child of Zeus!
a name of the emperors of Rome
referring to other gods, such as Amun, Baal, Ahura Mazda
522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.16
(with καταχθόνιος(katakhthónios) or χθόνιος(khthónios)) = Hades
c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.457
Declension
[edit] Third declension of ὁΖεύς; τοῦΔῐός (Attic)
Case / #
Singular
Nominative
ὁΖεύςho Zeús
Genitive
τοῦΔῐόςtoû Dĭós
Dative
τῷΔῐῐ̈́ / Δῑ́tōî Dĭĭ̈́ / Dī́
Accusative
τὸνΔῐ́ᾰ / Δῐ́’ / Δῐ́tòn Dĭ́ă / Dĭ́' / Dĭ́
Vocative
ΖεῦZeû
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Third declension of Ζεύς; Δῐός (Epic)
Case / #
Singular
Nominative
ΖεύςZeús
Genitive
ΔῐόςDĭós
Dative
Δῐῐ̈́Dĭĭ̈́
Accusative
Δῐ́ᾰDĭ́ă
Vocative
ΖεῦZeû
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
Third declension of ὁΔεύς; τοῦΔῐός / Δῐϝός (Boeotian, Laconian)
Case / #
Singular
Nominative
ὁΔεύςho Deús
Genitive
τοῦΔῐός / Δῐϝόςtoû Dĭós / Dĭwós
Dative
τῷΔῐῐ̈́ / Δῐϝῐ́ / Δῐϝείtōî Dĭĭ̈́ / Dĭwĭ́ / Dĭweí
Accusative
τὸνΔῐ́ᾰ / Δῐ́ϝᾰtòn Dĭ́ă / Dĭ́wă
Vocative
ΔεῦDeû
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
Hypernyms
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Κρονίδης(Kronídēs), Κρονίων(Kroníōn, “son of Cronus”)
Descendants
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Greek: Ζευς(Zefs), Δίας(Días)
→ Lydian: 𐤩𐤤𐤥𐤮(Lews), * Lydian: 𐤩𐤤𐤱𐤮(Lefs)
→ Arabic: زُوس(zūs)
→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܣ(zews)
→ Coptic: ⲍⲉⲩⲥ(zeus)
→ English: Zeus
→ Georgian: ზევსი(zevsi)
→ Latin: Zeus
→ Messapic: 𐌆𐌉𐌑(Ziś)
→ Old Armenian: Զեւս(Zews)
Armenian: Զևս(Zews)
→ Old Church Slavonic: Ꙁеѵсъ(Zevsŭ)
→ Russian: Зевс(Zevs)
Further reading
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Ζεύς, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
“Ζεύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“Ζεύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Ζεύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“Ζεύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2203 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,029
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
heaven idem, page 393.
zeus idem, page 997.
Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 285
http://opsopaus.com/OM/BA/Plethon/Zeus.html
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