Witness - Wiktionary

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• Beginning
• 1 English Toggle English subsection
  • 1.1 Alternative forms
  • 1.2 Etymology
  • 1.3 Pronunciation
  • 1.4 Noun
    • 1.4.1 Derived terms
    • 1.4.2 Translations
  • 1.5 Verb
    • 1.5.1 Synonyms
    • 1.5.2 Translations
  • 1.6 Anagrams

• Entry
• Discussion

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In other projects Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wiktionary, the free dictionary See also: Witness

English

[edit] WOTD – 4 April 2010, 4 April 2011

English Wikipedia has an article on:witnessWikipedia

Alternative forms

[edit]

• witnesse, witneße (obsolete)

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle English witnesse, from Old English ġewitnes, equivalent to wit +‎ -ness. Cognate with Middle Dutch wetenisse (“witness, testimony”), Old High German gewiznessi (“testimony”), Icelandic vitni (“witness”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

• IPA(key): /ˈwɪtnəs/, /ˈwɪtnɪs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪtnəs, -ɪtnɪs
• Hyphenation: wit‧ness

Noun

[edit]

witness (countable and uncountable, plural witnesses)

1. (uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony. She can bear witness, since she was there at the time.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:May we, with the warrant of womanhood and the witness of a good conscience, pursue him with any further revenge?
   • 1959, Alexander MacLaren, Expositions of holy scripture‎[1], volume 6:We have as much witness from heaven as we need.
   • 1999, Nettie Becker, Paul Becker, A Comprehensive Guide for Caregivers in Day-care Settings‎[2]:On another corner, stands an old style tenement building, whose dirty grey facade bears as much witness to the volume of exhaust fumes from millions of passing cars as it does to the age of the dwelling.
   • 2002, Charles E. Scott, The Lives of Things‎[3], page 125:Nor do the formation and articulation of such knowledge themselves bear much witness to Geist.
   • 2008, Jeremiah Burroughs, C. Matthew McMahon, Therese B. McMahon, The Excellency of Holy Courage in Evil Times‎[4], page 100:Fleeing is giving witness, and those that plead against it are loath to give so much witness
   • 2014, James Tarter, God's Word to the United States: The Book of Obadiah‎[5]:Ob. 16 can show that every nation will get at least this much witness
2. (countable) One who sees or has personal knowledge of something. As a witness to the event, I can confirm that he really said that.
   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:[…]thyself art witness— I am betrothed.
   • c. 1786, Robert Hall, A Reverie:Upon my looking round, I was a witness to appearances which filled me with melancholy and regret.
3. (countable, law) Someone called to give evidence in a court. The witness for the prosecution did not seem very credible.
   • 1961 November, “Talking of Trains: Derailment near Holmes Chapel”, in Trains Illustrated, page 652:From the evidence of witnesses and of the recorded passing times, including the time at which the circuit breakers were tripped when the wires were brought down, the train was travelling at a speed of not less than 70 m.p.h.
4. (countable) One who is called upon to witness an event or action, such as a wedding or the signing of a document. The bridesmaid and best man at a wedding typically serve as the witnesses.
5. (countable) Something that serves as evidence; a sign or token.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:51-52:Laban said to Jacob, […] This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness.
6. (textual criticism) A particular version of a text (seen as providing testimony of archetype or other earlier version)
   • 2020, Alessandro Bausi, “7.5 Philological practices: Ethiopic”, in Philipp Roelli, editor, Handbook of Stemmatology: History, Methodology, Digital Approaches, De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 481:Yet there are extremely few, if any, cases of preserved autographs, and textual witnesses (manuscripts) rather distant in time from the creation of the texts are the norm.
7. (countable, databases) An additional database server instance used in failover scenarios to decide whether the mirror should take over.
   • 2016, Vlad Catrinescu, ‎Trevor Seward, Deploying SharePoint 2016 (page 350) Automatic failover requires a witness, either a file share or a SQL Server witness (SQL Server Express may be used as a witness).

Derived terms

[edit]

• adverse witness
• bear false witness
• bear witness
• character witness
• crown witness
• expert witness
• eye witness
• eye-witness
• eyewitness
• fact witness
• false witness
• foundational witness
• hostile witness
• in witness whereof
• Jehovah's witness
• Jehovah's Witness
• material witness
• may God be my witness
• star witness
• turncoat witness
• witness box
• witness cam
• witness camera
• witness-consciousness
• witness mark
• witness protection
• witness stand
• witness tampering
• zealous witness

Translations

[edit] attestation of a fact or event

Aghwan: 𐔰𐕄𐔰𐔾 (aḳal), 𐕢𐕒𐕡𐔾𐔰𐔺𐔲𐔰𐕎 (pulaygan) Arabic: شَهَادَة (ar) f (šahāda) Armenian: վկայություն (hy) (vkayutʻyun) Bactrian: οιγαλφο (oigalfo) Belarusian: пасве́дчанне n (pasvjédčannje), пасьве́дчаньне n (pasʹvjédčanʹnje) Bulgarian: свиде́телство (bg) n (svidételstvo) Catalan: testimoni (ca) m, testimoniatge m, atestat (accident de cotxe) m Chinese: Mandarin: 證人 / 证人 (zh) (zhèngrén) Czech: svědectví (cs) n Dutch: getuigenis (nl) Ewe: ɖaseɖiɖi Finnish: todistus (fi) French: témoignage (fr) m Georgian: მტკიცებულება (mṭḳicebuleba) German: Zeugnis (de) n Hindi: गवाही (hi) f (gavāhī), साक्ष्य (hi) m (sākṣya) Hungarian: tanúság (hu), tanúságtétel (hu) Indonesian: saksi (id) Irish: fianaise f Italian: testimonianza (it) f Japanese: 証人 (ja) (しょうにん, shōnin), 証 (ja) (あかし, akashi) Korean: 증인(証人) (ko) (jeung'in) Latin: testimōnium Norman: têmoignage m Old English: ġewitnes f Persian: گواهی (fa) (gavāhī) Polish: świadectwo (pl) n Portuguese: testemunho (pt) m Russian: свиде́тельство (ru) n (svidételʹstvo) Scottish Gaelic: fianais f Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: сведоча́нство n, свједоча́нство n Latin: svedočánstvo (sh) n, svjedočánstvo (sh) n Slovak: svedectvo n Spanish: testimonio (es) m Swahili: shahidi (sw) Swedish: vittnesmål (sv) n Thai: พยาน (th) (pá-yaan) Turkish: tanıklık (tr) Ottoman Turkish: شهادت (şehadet), شاهدلك (şâhidlik), طانقلق (tanıklık) Ukrainian: сві́дчення (uk) n (svídčennja) Vietnamese: nhân chứng (vi) Zazaki: şehade c

one who has a personal knowledge of something

Afrikaans: getuie Arabic: شَاهِد (ar) (šāhid), شَاهِدَة f (šāhida), شَهِيد (ar) (šahīd), شَهِيدَة f (šahīda) Egyptian Arabic: شاهد m (šāhid) Armenian: վկա (hy) (vka), ականատես (hy) (akanates) Azerbaijani: şahid (az), tanıq Bashkir: шаһит (şahit) Belarusian: све́дка m or f (svjédka) Bengali: সাক্ষী (bn) (śakkhi) Bulgarian: свиде́тел (bg) m (svidétel), свиде́телка f (svidételka), очеви́дец (bg) m (očevídec), све́док m (svédok) (dated) Catalan: testimoni (ca) m Cebuano: saksi Cherokee: ᎠᎦᏔᎯ (agatahi) Chinese: Mandarin: 證人 / 证人 (zh) (zhèngrén), 見證人 / 见证人 (zh) (jiànzhèngrén), 目擊者 / 目击者 (zh) (mùjīzhě) Czech: svědek (cs) m, svědkyně f Danish: vidne (da) n Dutch: getuige (nl) m Esperanto: atestanto Ewe: ɖasedila Finnish: todistaja (fi) French: témoin (fr) m Frisian: West Frisian: tsjûge c Friulian: testimone Georgian: მოწმე (moc̣me), თვითმხილველი (tvitmxilveli) German: Zeuge (de) m, Zeugin (de) f (female) Greek: μάρτυρας (el) m (mártyras) Ancient Greek: μάρτυς m (mártus) Hebrew: עֵד (he) m (ed) Hindi: गवाह (hi) m (gavāh), साक्षी (hi) m (sākṣī) Hungarian: szemtanú (hu), fültanú (hu) Icelandic: vottur m Ingrian: näkkiäsmees Irish: fianaise f, finné m Italian: testimone (it) m Japanese: 目撃者 (ja) (もくげきしゃ, mokugekisha) Kabuverdianu: tistimunha Khmer: សាក្សី (km) (saksəy), កសិណសាក្សី (kaʼsənsaksəy) Korean: 목격자(目擊者) (ko) (mokgyeokja) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: şahid (ku), guwah (ku) Lao: ພະຍານ (pha nyān), ສັກຂີ (sak khī) Latin: testis Macedonian: сведок m (svedok) Māori: kaititiro Marathi: साक्षीदार (sākṣīdār) Mongolian: Cyrillic: гэрч (mn) (gerč) Norman: têmoin m Norwegian: Bokmål: vitne (no) n Nynorsk: vitne n Old East Slavic: съвѣдѣтель m (sŭvědětelĭ) Old English: ġewita m Old Norse: váttr m Pashto: شاهد (ps) m (šāhéd), ګواه m (gawãh) Persian: شاهد (fa) (šâhed), گواه (fa) (govâh) Plautdietsch: Zeij f Polish: świadek (pl) m Portuguese: testemunha (pt) f Romanian: martor (ro) m, martoră (ro) f Russian: свиде́тель (ru) m (svidételʹ), свиде́тельница (ru) f (svidételʹnica) (female), очеви́дец (ru) m (očevídec) Sardinian: distimonzu m, testimóngiu m, tistimognu m Scottish Gaelic: neach-fianais m Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: свѐдок m, свјѐдок m, сведо̀киња f, свједо̀киња f Latin: svèdok (sh) m, svjèdok (sh) m, svedòkinja f, svjedòkinja (sh) f Slovak: svedok m, svedkyňa f Slovene: priča Spanish: testigo (es) m Swahili: shahidi (sw) Swedish: vittne (sv) n Tajik: шоҳид (šohid), гувоҳ (guvoh) Tatar: шаһит (tt) (şahit) Telugu: సాక్షి (te) (sākṣi) Thai: สักขี (th) (sàk-kǐi), พยาน (th) (pá-yaan), ผู้เห็นเหตุการณ์ (pûu-hěn-hèet-gaan) Tocharian B: reme Turkish: şahit (tr), tanık (tr) Ottoman Turkish: شاهد (şâhid), طانق (tanık) Turkmen: şaýat Ukrainian: сві́док m (svídok), очеви́дець m (očevýdecʹ) Urdu: گواہ m (gavāh), شاہد m (śāhid) Uyghur: گۇۋاھچى (guwahchi) Uzbek: guvoh (uz), shohid (uz) Venetan: testimònio m Vietnamese: nhân chứng (vi) Welsh: tyst (cy) m Yiddish: עד m (eyd) Zazaki: şahid c

someone called to give evidence in a court

Afrikaans: getuie Albanian: dëshmitar (sq) m Arabic: شَاهِد (ar) m (šāhid), شَاهِدَة f (šāhida) Egyptian Arabic: شاهد m (šāhid) Armenian: վկա (hy) (vka) Azerbaijani: şahid (az), tanıq Bashkir: шаһит (şahit) Belarusian: све́дка m or f (svjédka), відаво́чца m (vidavóčca), во́чнік m (vóčnik), во́чніца f (vóčnica) Bengali: সাক্ষী (bn) (śakkhi) Bulgarian: свиде́тел (bg) m (svidétel), свиде́телка f (svidételka), очеви́дец (bg) m (očevídec), све́док m (svédok) (dated) Burmese: သက်သေ (my) (sakse) Catalan: testimoni (ca) m Cebuano: saksi Chinese: Mandarin: 證人 / 证人 (zh) (zhèngrén) Czech: svědek (cs) m, svědkyně f Danish: vidne (da) n Dutch: getuige (nl) m Estonian: tunnistaja Finnish: todistaja (fi) French: témoin (fr) m Galician: testemuña (gl) f Georgian: მოწმე (moc̣me), თვითმხილველი (tvitmxilveli) German: Zeuge (de) m, Zeugin (de) f (female) Greek: μάρτυρας (el) m or f (mártyras) Ancient Greek: μάρτυς m (mártus) Hebrew: עֵד (he) m (ed) Hindi: गवाह (hi) m (gavāh), साक्षी (hi) m or f (sākṣī), प्रत्यक्षदर्शी (hi) (pratyakṣadarśī) Hungarian: tanú (hu) Ingrian: näkkiäsmees Irish: fianaise f, finné m Italian: testimone (it) m Japanese: 証人 (ja) (しょうにん, shōnin), 目撃者 (ja) (もくげきしゃ, mokugekisha) Javanese: seksi (jv) Kazakh: куәгер (kuäger), айғақ (aiğaq), куә (kuä) Khmer: សាក្សី (km) (saksəy), កសិណសាក្សី (kaʼsənsaksəy) Korean: 증인(証人) (ko) (jeung'in), 목격자(目擊者) (ko) (mokgyeokja) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: şahid (ku), guwah (ku) Kyrgyz: күбө (ky) (kübö) Lao: ພະຍານ (pha nyān), ສັກຂີ (sak khī) Latvian: liecinieks m Lithuanian: liudytojas m Macedonian: сведок m (svedok) Malay: saksi Malayalam: സാക്ഷി (ml) (sākṣi) Māori: kaiwhakaatu, kaitaunaki Mongolian: Cyrillic: гэрч (mn) (gerč) Norman: têmoin m Norwegian: Bokmål: vitne (no) n Nynorsk: vitne n Old English: ġewita m Pashto: شاهد (ps) m (šāhéd), ګواه m (gawãh) Persian: شاهد (fa) (šâhed), گواه (fa) (govâh) Polish: świadek (pl) m Portuguese: testemunha (pt) f Romanian: martor (ro) m, martoră (ro) f Russian: свиде́тель (ru) m (svidételʹ), свиде́тельница (ru) f (svidételʹnica) (female), понято́й (ru) m (ponjatój), понята́я (ru) f (ponjatája) (someone who is present at and signs the report of a police search), очеви́дец (ru) m (očevídec) Scottish Gaelic: neach-fianais m Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: свѐдок m, свјѐдок m, сведо̀киња f, свједо̀киња f Latin: svèdok (sh) m, svjèdok (sh) m, svedòkinja f, svjedòkinja (sh) f Slovak: svedok m, svedkyňa f Slovene: priča f, očividec m, očividka f Spanish: testigo (es) m Swahili: shahidi (sw) Swedish: vittne (sv) n Tajik: шоҳид (šohid), гувоҳ (guvoh) Tatar: шаһит (tt) (şahit) Thai: พยาน (th) (pá-yaan), สักขี (th) (sàk-kǐi) Turkish: şahit (tr), tanık (tr) Ottoman Turkish: شاهد (şâhid), طانق (tanık) Turkmen: şaýat Ukrainian: сві́док m (svídok), сві́дчий m (svídčyj), сві́дча f (svídča), очеви́дець m (očevýdecʹ) Urdu: گواہ m (gavāh), شاہد m (śāhid) Uyghur: گۇۋاھچى (guwahchi) Uzbek: shohid (uz), guvoh (uz) Vietnamese: nhân chứng (vi)

something that serves as evidence

Arabic: شَاهِد (ar) m (šāhid), شَوَاهِد pl (šawāhid) Bulgarian: доказателство (bg) n (dokazatelstvo) Catalan: prova (ca) f, evidència f Finnish: todiste (fi) French: preuve (fr) f Italian: prova (it) f Portuguese: prova (pt) f Scottish Gaelic: fianais f Slovene: dokaz m Spanish: prueba (es) f, testigo (es) m Ukrainian: доказ (uk) m (dokaz)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked

Irish: (please verify) teisteoir m Italian: (please verify) testimone (it) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: (please verify) govan (ku), (please verify) şahid (ku), (please verify) gewa (ku) Slovene: (please verify) priča f Tibetan: (please verify) དཔང་པོ (dpang po), (please verify) བར་མི་མཚམས་རྡོ (bar mi mtshams rdo) Urdu: (please verify) [script needed] m (gawah)

Verb

[edit]

witness (third-person singular simple present witnesses, present participle witnessing, simple past and past participle witnessed)

1. (transitive) To furnish proof of, to show. This certificate witnesses his presence on that day.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 56-57:round he throws his baleful eyes / That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
2. (transitive) To take as evidence.
   • 1993, Vicki M. Pino, “Viewpoints from our Readers after "Aprongate": Lighten up”, in Atlanta Journal Constitution:Depression often goes undetected until it is too late . Witness the recent White House suicide.
3. (transitive) To see or gain knowledge of through experience. He witnessed the accident.
   • 1801, Robert Hall, On Modern Infidelity:This is but a faint sketch of the incalculable calamities and horrors we must expect, should we be so unfortunate as ever to witness the triumph of modern infidelity
   • 1803, John Marshall, The Life of George Washington:General Washington did not live to witness the restoration of peace.
   • 2025 October 1, Richard Evans, “The value of the railway effect”, in RAIL, number 1045, page 58:In 1825, the first public railway carried passengers across the English countryside, setting in motion not just an engineering revolution, but an industrial one too. Imagine the awe and excitement of those first passengers as they boarded the train, unaware that they were witnessing the dawn of a new era.
4. (intransitive, construed with to or for) To present personal religious testimony; to preach at (someone) or on behalf of.
   • 1998, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, volume 6, "Niebuhr, Reinhold", page 842:Instead, Niebuhr's God was the God witnessed to in the Hebrew Scriptures and the New Testament, the Bible of the Christian world.
5. To see the execution of (a legal instrument), and subscribe it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity. to witness a bond or a deed

Synonyms

[edit]

• certify

Translations

[edit] (transitive) to furnish proof of

Armenian: վկայել (hy) (vkayel), հաստատել (hy) (hastatel) Bulgarian: свидетелствам (svidetelstvam) Catalan: testificar (ca) Esperanto: atesti (eo) Finnish: todistaa (fi) French: témoigner (fr) Georgian: მოწმობა (moc̣moba), დადასტურება (dadasṭureba), დამოწმება (damoc̣meba) German: bezeugen (de) Hungarian: tanúsít (hu), tanúskodik (hu) Italian: testimoniare (it) Korean: 입증하다 (ipjeunghada) Portuguese: testemunhar (pt) Russian: свиде́тельствовать (ru) impf (svidételʹstvovatʹ); подтвержда́ть (ru) impf (podtverždátʹ), подтверди́ть (ru) pf (podtverdítʹ) Serbo-Croatian: Latin: svjedòčiti (sh) Slovene: pričati Spanish: testificar (es) Swedish: vittna om Ukrainian: сві́дчити impf (svídčyty), засві́дчувати impf (zasvídčuvaty), засві́дчити pf (zasvídčyty), підтве́рджувати impf (pidtvérdžuvaty), підтве́рдити pf (pidtvérdyty)

(transitive) to take as evidence

Catalan: provar (ca) Finnish: todistaa (fi), osoittaa (fi) Italian: constatare (it) Portuguese: testemunhar (pt) Serbo-Croatian: Latin: svjedòčiti (sh) Spanish: probar (es), atestiguar (es) Swedish: bevittna (sv)

(transitive) to see or gain knowledge of through experience

Arabic: شَهِدَ (ar) (šahida) Egyptian Arabic: شهد (šahad) Catalan: veure (ca), contemplar (ca) Finnish: todistaa (fi) German: Zeuge sein Hungarian: tanúja, szemtanúja Italian: essere testimone, assistere (it) Japanese: 目撃する (ja) (もくげきする, mokugeki suru) Korean: 목격하다 (ko) (mokgyeokhada) Latin: experior Māori: mataara Portuguese: presenciar (pt), testemunhar (pt) Russian: быть свиде́телем impf (bytʹ svidételem) Serbo-Croatian: Latin: svjedòčiti (sh) Spanish: presenciar (es), ser testigo de, ver (es) Swedish: bevittna (sv)

(intransitive) to preach presenting personal testimony

Catalan: testificar (ca) Finnish: todistaa (fi) Hungarian: tanúságot tesz Spanish: testificar (es)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked

French: (please verify) témoigner (fr) Slovene: (please verify) pričati

Anagrams

[edit]

• wisents

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=witness&oldid=89425623" Categories:

• English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
• English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyd-
• English terms inherited from Middle English
• English terms derived from Middle English
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