A New Flowering Crabapple Cultivar Named Malus 'Juan Zhulian' In

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Cover HortScience HortScience Issue Date: 01 Aug 2022 Online ISSN: 2327-9834 Search Issue Journal Advertisement
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    Phenotypic characteristics of (A) tree habit, (B) buds, (C) flowers, and (D) fruit of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

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Phenotypic characteristics of (A) tree habit, (B) buds, (C) flowers, and (D) fruit of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

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A New Flowering Crabapple Cultivar Named Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’

Authors: Jie Zeng College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; and Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China Search for other papers by Jie Zeng inThis SiteGoogle Scholar Close , Ting Zhou Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China Search for other papers by Ting Zhou inThis SiteGoogle Scholar Close , Donglin Zhang Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Search for other papers by Donglin Zhang inThis SiteGoogle Scholar Close , and Wangxiang Zhang College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; and Yangzhou Crabapple Horticulture Ltd. Co., Yangzhou 225200, China Search for other papers by Wangxiang Zhang inThis SiteGoogle Scholar Close

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Article Category: Research Article Online Publication Date: 19 Jul 2022 Page(s): 933–934 Volume/Issue: Volume 57: Issue 8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16696-22 Open Access Download PDF Cite this Article Get Citation Alerts Get eTOC Alerts Get Permissions
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Received: 11 May 2022 | Accepted: 12 Jun 2022 | Published online: 19 Jul 2022 | Published print: 01 Aug 2022

Ornamental crabapple, a popular and well-known landscape plant, belongs to the genus Malus of Rosaceae. They are highly valued because of their breathtaking display of resplendent blooms in spring and loaded, colorful fruit in autumn and winter (Fiala, 1994; International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, 2003; Wang et al., 2021). With the proliferation of flower shapes, colors, and sizes, more and more double-flowered germplasms were released into the market, including ‘Xiang He’ (Hu et al., 2021a), ‘Rui Qin’ (Hu et al., 2021b), ‘Yangzhi Yu’ (Jiang et al., 2020), and ‘Zi Dieer’ (Zhou et al., 2020). Today, the breeding of new crabapples has turned to focus on the growth habits and forms of the trees to satisfy the public and private landscapers’ demand for different and distinctive varieties (Chu et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2021).

‘Juan Zhulian’ has a columnar growth habit and bright-white flowers. The plant was selected and released by Nanjing Forestry University to meet this growing market demand. This cultivar has an obvious fastigiate and compact tree shape. It takes less space for cultivation and requires minimal annual pruning and maintenance. In addition, ‘Juan Zhulian’ showed wide adaptability and pest and disease resistance in Jiangsu Province, China.

Origin

‘Juan Zhulian’ is a new ornamental crabapple cultivar selected by natural hybridization. In Spring 2011, nine flowering Malus crabapple cultivars—Purple Prince, Indian Summer, Red Jade, Harvest Gold, Donald Wyman, Sugar Tyme, Calocarpa, Qian Cengjin, and Cinderella—were cultivated together to select new clones from their open-pollinated seedlings at the station of the National Crabapple Germplasm Genetic Center, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China (lat. 32°42'N, long. 119°55'E). In Autumn 2011, a batch of open-pollinated seeds was collected. In Mar. 2012, 8000 seeds were sown on raised beds at the Center’s nursery. In Spring 2014, thousands of plants had flowered, and an individual plant with white flowers and a fastigiate and compact tree shape was selected for further evaluation. This individual plant was named ‘Juan Zhulian’. After 4 years of successive evaluations (2014–17) and 3 years of budding (2015–17), 50 young plants had flowered and we found that all budded plants kept the exact morphological characteristics of the mother plant, confirming the phenotypic stability of ‘Juan Zhulian’.

Description

The distinguishing characteristics of ‘Juan Zhulian’ are pale-pink full-bodied buds, bright-white flowers, and a fastigiate, compact growth habit. Among existing white crabapple germplasms, ‘Juan Zhulian’ most resembles ‘Donald Wyman’, which is characterized by a shallow cup-shaped corolla with elliptic petals, whereas ‘Juan Zhulian’ has a deep cup-shaped corolla with circular petals. In addition, the relative position of the petal edge is different between the two cultivars: touching in ‘Donald Wyman’ and overlapping in ‘Juan Zhulian’ (Table 1). The specific characteristics of ‘Juan Zhulian’ are as follows (Table 2). With regard to habit, the tree has a columnar growth habit, it reaches ≈2.8 m in height, and it has a 0.5-m spread at 3 years old (Fig. 1A). With regard to flowers, the blooming time (10% open flowers) of ‘Juan Zhulian’ is late March in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province (lat. 32°42'N, long. 119°55'E). Fully open flowers have an average diameter of 3.8 to 4.2 cm (Fig. 1C), an umbellate inflorescence, and each is composed of four to eight flowers. The color of flowers belongs to the white group [Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) NN155D] (Royal Horticultural Society, 2007). The flower type is a deep cup, the petal is round, and the rachis is densely covered with flowering branches. Surprisingly, the pink buds are as round as pearls, which is another attractive feature (Fig. 1B).

Fig. 1. Fig. 1. View Full Size Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Phenotypic characteristics of (A) tree habit, (B) buds, (C) flowers, and (D) fruit of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

Citation: HortScience 57, 8; 10.21273/HORTSCI16696-22

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Table 1.

Comparison of phenotypic attributes of Malus ‘Donald Wyman’ and Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

Table 1. Table 1. View Table Table 1. Table 2.

Phenotypic characteristics of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

Table 2. Table 2. View Table Table 2.

With regard to foliage, the new leaves are green, 7.5 to 8.5 cm long, 3.0 to 4.5 cm wide, with a length-to-width ratio of ≈2 and short petioles (2.2–2.6 cm). The edge of the leaf is round with no serration, and the surface is green and semiglossy with anthocyanin coloring to a medium degree.

With regard to fruit, ‘Juan Zhulian’ sets a lot of fruit. The fruit is ellipsoid, with a long pedicel (Fig. 1D). The fruit matures into a brownish color (RHS 52B), and the fruit size is small (vertical diameter, 1.21 cm; horizontal diameter, 1.34 cm), with a weakly glossy exocarp. Sepals are present on some fruit and the fruit persists for about 5 months.

Propagation and Cultivation

The variety likes full sunlight and grows best in well-drained and fertile sandy loam. The main propagation method is grafting, and the season is from September to October. It is suitable for planting in the south of central Inner Mongolia (lat. 40°82'N, long. 115°65'E) to the north of central Fujian Province (lat. 25°96'N, long. 119°52'E).

Availability

Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’ is available through Nanjing Forestry University and Yangzhou Crabapple Horticulture Limited Company (http://flowering-crabapple.njfu.edu.cn).

Literature Cited

  • Chu,W.Y., Fan,J.J. & Zhang,W.X.2020Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature changeJ. Nanjing For. Univ.4454954https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010

      Chu,W.Y. Fan,J.J. Zhang,W.X. 2020Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature changeJ. Nanjing For. Univ.4454954https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fiala,J.L1994Flowering crabapples: The genus Malus106273Timber PressPortland, OR.

      Fiala,J.L 1994Flowering crabapples: The genus Malus106273Timber PressPortland, OR.)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hu,D.M., Xu,J.W., Han,Y.J., Dun,X.J., Wang,L.H. & Zhu,S.X.2021a‘Xiang He’ flowering crabappleHortScience56389391https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15654-20

      Hu,D.M. Xu,J.W. Han,Y.J. Dun,X.J. Wang,L.H. Zhu,S.X. 2021a‘Xiang He’ flowering crabappleHortScience56389391https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15654-20)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hu,D.M., Xu,J.W., Hui,W.L., Dun,X.J., Zhu,S.X. & Yang,J.2021bSeven new crabapple cultivars such as ‘Rui Qin’J. Nanjing For. Univ.454238242https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002022

      Hu,D.M. Xu,J.W. Hui,W.L. Dun,X.J. Zhu,S.X. Yang,J. 2021bSeven new crabapple cultivars such as ‘Rui Qin’J. Nanjing For. Univ.454238242https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002022)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants2003Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability [ornamental apple (Malus Mill.)]TG/192/1

      International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants2003Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability [ornamental apple (Malus Mill.)]TG/192/1)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jiang,H., Zhou,T., Fan,J.J., Zhang,D.L., Zhang,L., Sun,Y.Y. & Zhang,W.X.2020‘Yangzhi Yu’: A double-flowered ornamental crabappleHortScience55589590https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14677-19

      Jiang,H. Zhou,T. Fan,J.J. Zhang,D.L. Zhang,L. Sun,Y.Y. Zhang,W.X. 2020‘Yangzhi Yu’: A double-flowered ornamental crabappleHortScience55589590https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14677-19)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Royal Horticultural Society2007RHS colour chart5th ed.Royal Horticultural SocietyLondon, UK.

      Royal Horticultural Society2007RHS colour chart5th ed.Royal Horticultural SocietyLondon, UK.)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wang,X.S., Huang,Y.T., Tian,J., Zhang,J., Lu,Y.F., Qin,X.X., Hu,Y.J. & Yao,Y.C.2021A rose-red-flowered crabapple ‘Chunmei Donghong’HortScience56860863https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15748-21

      Wang,X.S. Huang,Y.T. Tian,J. Zhang,J. Lu,Y.F. Qin,X.X. Hu,Y.J. Yao,Y.C. 2021A rose-red-flowered crabapple ‘Chunmei Donghong’HortScience56860863https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15748-21)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhang,L.L., Yin,Y.J., Mao,Y.F., Liu,Y.P., Pang,H.L., Su,X.F., Hu,Y.L. & Shen,X.2021‘Hongyi’: A new columnar ornamental crabappleHortScience5614561458https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16064-21

      Zhang,L.L. Yin,Y.J. Mao,Y.F. Liu,Y.P. Pang,H.L. Su,X.F. Hu,Y.L. Shen,X. 2021‘Hongyi’: A new columnar ornamental crabappleHortScience5614561458https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16064-21)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhou,T., Jiang,H., Zhang,W.X., Zhang,D.L., Fan,J.J., Zhang,Q.Q., Wang,G.B. & Cao,F.L.2020‘Zi Dieer’ crabappleHortScience55272274https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14590-19

      Zhou,T. Jiang,H. Zhang,W.X. Zhang,D.L. Fan,J.J. Zhang,Q.Q. Wang,G.B. Cao,F.L. 2020‘Zi Dieer’ crabappleHortScience55272274https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14590-19)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
Received: 11 May 2022 | Accepted: 12 Jun 2022 | Published online: 19 Jul 2022 | Published print: 01 Aug 2022 Export Figures
  • Fig. 1. View in gallery
    Fig. 1.

    Phenotypic characteristics of (A) tree habit, (B) buds, (C) flowers, and (D) fruit of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

  • Close
  • View raw image
Fig. 1.

Phenotypic characteristics of (A) tree habit, (B) buds, (C) flowers, and (D) fruit of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

Export References .ris ProCite RefWorks Reference Manager .bib BibTeX Zotero .enw EndNote
  • Chu,W.Y., Fan,J.J. & Zhang,W.X.2020Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature changeJ. Nanjing For. Univ.4454954https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010

      Chu,W.Y. Fan,J.J. Zhang,W.X. 2020Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature changeJ. Nanjing For. Univ.4454954https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fiala,J.L1994Flowering crabapples: The genus Malus106273Timber PressPortland, OR.

      Fiala,J.L 1994Flowering crabapples: The genus Malus106273Timber PressPortland, OR.)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hu,D.M., Xu,J.W., Han,Y.J., Dun,X.J., Wang,L.H. & Zhu,S.X.2021a‘Xiang He’ flowering crabappleHortScience56389391https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15654-20

      Hu,D.M. Xu,J.W. Han,Y.J. Dun,X.J. Wang,L.H. Zhu,S.X. 2021a‘Xiang He’ flowering crabappleHortScience56389391https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15654-20)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hu,D.M., Xu,J.W., Hui,W.L., Dun,X.J., Zhu,S.X. & Yang,J.2021bSeven new crabapple cultivars such as ‘Rui Qin’J. Nanjing For. Univ.454238242https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002022

      Hu,D.M. Xu,J.W. Hui,W.L. Dun,X.J. Zhu,S.X. Yang,J. 2021bSeven new crabapple cultivars such as ‘Rui Qin’J. Nanjing For. Univ.454238242https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002022)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants2003Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability [ornamental apple (Malus Mill.)]TG/192/1

      International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants2003Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability [ornamental apple (Malus Mill.)]TG/192/1)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jiang,H., Zhou,T., Fan,J.J., Zhang,D.L., Zhang,L., Sun,Y.Y. & Zhang,W.X.2020‘Yangzhi Yu’: A double-flowered ornamental crabappleHortScience55589590https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14677-19

      Jiang,H. Zhou,T. Fan,J.J. Zhang,D.L. Zhang,L. Sun,Y.Y. Zhang,W.X. 2020‘Yangzhi Yu’: A double-flowered ornamental crabappleHortScience55589590https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14677-19)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Royal Horticultural Society2007RHS colour chart5th ed.Royal Horticultural SocietyLondon, UK.

      Royal Horticultural Society2007RHS colour chart5th ed.Royal Horticultural SocietyLondon, UK.)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wang,X.S., Huang,Y.T., Tian,J., Zhang,J., Lu,Y.F., Qin,X.X., Hu,Y.J. & Yao,Y.C.2021A rose-red-flowered crabapple ‘Chunmei Donghong’HortScience56860863https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15748-21

      Wang,X.S. Huang,Y.T. Tian,J. Zhang,J. Lu,Y.F. Qin,X.X. Hu,Y.J. Yao,Y.C. 2021A rose-red-flowered crabapple ‘Chunmei Donghong’HortScience56860863https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15748-21)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhang,L.L., Yin,Y.J., Mao,Y.F., Liu,Y.P., Pang,H.L., Su,X.F., Hu,Y.L. & Shen,X.2021‘Hongyi’: A new columnar ornamental crabappleHortScience5614561458https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16064-21

      Zhang,L.L. Yin,Y.J. Mao,Y.F. Liu,Y.P. Pang,H.L. Su,X.F. Hu,Y.L. Shen,X. 2021‘Hongyi’: A new columnar ornamental crabappleHortScience5614561458https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16064-21)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhou,T., Jiang,H., Zhang,W.X., Zhang,D.L., Fan,J.J., Zhang,Q.Q., Wang,G.B. & Cao,F.L.2020‘Zi Dieer’ crabappleHortScience55272274https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14590-19

      Zhou,T. Jiang,H. Zhang,W.X. Zhang,D.L. Fan,J.J. Zhang,Q.Q. Wang,G.B. Cao,F.L. 2020‘Zi Dieer’ crabappleHortScience55272274https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14590-19)| false
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
Received: 11 May 2022 | Accepted: 12 Jun 2022 | Published online: 19 Jul 2022 | Published print: 01 Aug 2022 Jie Zeng College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; and Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China Search for other papers by Jie Zeng inGoogle Scholar Close , Ting Zhou Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China Search for other papers by Ting Zhou inGoogle Scholar Close , Donglin Zhang Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Search for other papers by Donglin Zhang inGoogle Scholar Close , and Wangxiang Zhang College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; and Yangzhou Crabapple Horticulture Ltd. Co., Yangzhou 225200, China Search for other papers by Wangxiang Zhang inGoogle Scholar Close

Contributor Notes

This project is funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Modern Agriculture in Jiangsu Province (BE2019389).

W.Z. is the corresponding author. E-mail: malus2011@163.com.

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Headings
  • Origin
  • Description
  • Propagation and Cultivation
  • Availability
  • Literature Cited
Figures
Export Figures
  • Fig. 1. View in gallery
    Fig. 1.

    Phenotypic characteristics of (A) tree habit, (B) buds, (C) flowers, and (D) fruit of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

  • Close
  • View raw image
Fig. 1.

Phenotypic characteristics of (A) tree habit, (B) buds, (C) flowers, and (D) fruit of Malus ‘Juan Zhulian’.

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