Ammonium Chlorate - Wikipedia

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Ammonium chlorate

Names
IUPAC name Ammonium chlorate
Identifiers
CAS Number	10192-29-7 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	55411 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.413
PubChem CID	61491
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90144346
InChI InChI=1S/ClHO3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);1H3 YKey: KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/ClHO3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);1H3Key: KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYAQ
SMILES O=Cl(=O)O.N
Properties
Chemical formula	NH4ClO3
Appearance	small colorless crystals
Density	2.42 g/cm3
Melting point	380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) (decomposes)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−42.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	strong oxidant, decomposes when heated
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium chloride Ammonium perchlorate
Other cations	Barium chlorate Potassium chlorate Sodium chlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Ammonium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO3.

It is obtained by neutralizing chloric acid with either ammonia or ammonium carbonate, or by precipitating barium, strontium or calcium chlorates with ammonium carbonate or ammonium sulfate, producing the respective carbonate or sulfate precipitate and an ammonium chlorate solution. Ammonium chlorate crystallizes in small needles, readily soluble in water.

The bitartrate method is a candidate for production and can be used if exotic chlorates are currently inaccessible or need to be synthesized. Warm solutions of potassium chlorate and ammonium bitartrate are needed. The latter can be synthesized by adding aqueous ammonia to an excess of tartaric acid. Then, a double displacement reaction will result in precipitation of ammonium chlorate.

On heating, ammonium chlorate decomposes at about 102 °C, with liberation of nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen. It is soluble in dilute aqueous alcohol, but insoluble in strong alcohol. This compound is a powerful oxidizer and should never be stored with flammable materials, as it can easily form sensitive explosive compositions.

Ammonium chlorate is a very unstable oxidizer and will decompose independently, sometimes violently, at room temperature.[1] This results from the mixture of the reducing ammonium cation and the oxidizing chlorate anion. Even solutions are known to be unstable. Because of the dangerous nature of this salt it should only be kept in solution when needed, and never be allowed to crystallize.

Production

[edit]

Ammonium chlorate can be made in a double displacement reaction by mixing stoichiometric solutions of ammonium nitrate and sodium chlorate or ammonium sulfate and barium chlorate:[2]

NH4NO3 + NaClO3 → NH4ClO3 + NaNO3 or (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(ClO3)2 → 2NH4ClO3 + BaSO4

In addition, ammonium chlorate can be produced by reacting chloric acid with either ammonia or ammonium carbonate:

(NH4)2CO3 + 2HClO3 → 2NH4ClO3 + CO2 + H2O

Uses

[edit]

Ammonium chlorate is rarely used due to its hazardous nature, however, in the past it was used in matches due to its ability to oxidise other compounds.

References

[edit]

1. ^ Fairbrother, Fred (1922). "The Spontaneous Decomposition of Ammonium Chlorate". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 44 (11): 2419–2422. Bibcode:1922JAChS..44.2419F. doi:10.1021/ja01432a009. ISSN 0002-7863.
2. ^ Gillespie, R. B.; Gantzel, P. K.; Trueblood, K. N. (1962-05-17). "The Crystal Structure of Ammonium Chlorate". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (12): 1271–1272. Bibcode:1962AcCry..15.1271G. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62003345.

v t e Ammonium salts
Inorganic salts	monatomic anions NH4F (NH4)2S NH4Cl (NH4)2Se NH4Br NH4I oxyanions NH4NO2 NH4NO3 CaNH4PO4 (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)4UO2(CO3)3 (NH4)HCO3 NH4H2AsO4 NH4BrO3 NH4ClO NH4OCN NH4B5O8 (NH4)3PO4 NH4PH2O2 (NH4)2HPO4 (NH4)H2PO4 NH4IO4 (NH4PO4)n(OH)2 NH4NaHPO4 (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O NH4SO3NH2 (NH4)HSO4 (NH4)2S2O8 (NH4)2S2O3 NH4ClO3 NH4ClO4 (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 NH4VO3 Nd(NH4)2(NO3)5 (NH4)2CrO4 (NH4)2Cr2O7 NH4MnO4 (NH4)3AsO4 NH4BrO4 (NH4)2MoO4 (NH4)6Mo7O24 (NH4)3Mo12PO40 NH4IO3 (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (NH4)8Ce2(SO4)8·4H2O (NH4)10H2W12O42·4H2O NH4ReO4 (NH4)2SeO4 (NH4)2TeO4 other anions NH4BF4 NH4N3 NH4CN NH4[Au(CN)2] (NH4)HF2 (NH4)2SeBr6 (NH4)3AlF6 NH4SbF6 NH4AsF6 (NH4)3CrF6 (NH4)3FeF6 (NH4)3GaF6 (NH4)2GeF6 (NH4)3InF6 NH4NbF6 (NH4)2PtF6 (NH4)2ReF6 (NH4)2SnF6 NH4TaF6 (NH4)2UF6 (NH4)3VF6 (NH4)SiF6 (NH4)HS NH4SCN (NH4)2ZnCl4 (NH4)2MoS4 NH4I3 (NH4)2PtBr6 (NH4)2SnBr6 (NH4)2TeCl6 (NH4)2IrCl6 (NH4)2OsCl6 (NH4)2PtCl6 (NH4)2ReCl6 (NH4)2PdCl6 (NH4)2PbCl6 (NH4)3RhCl6 (NH4)2SeCl6 (NH4)2SnCl6 (NH4)4[Fe(CN)6] (NH4)3VS4 (NH4)2S5 (NH4)4[HgBr6] (NH4)2[PtI6] NH4AuCl4 (NH4)2PdCl4 (NH4)3AsS4 (NH4)2WS4 (NH4)2[PtCl4]
Organic salts	Aluminon Ammonium acetate Ammonium adipate Ammonium alginate Ammonium benzoate Ammonium bituminosulfonate Ammonium butyrate Ammonium carbamate Ammonium caprylate Ammonium cinnamate Ammonium citrate Ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate Ammonium ferric citrate Ammonium formate Ammonium fumarate Ammonium glutamate Ammonium heptadecanoate Ammonium itaconate Ammonium lactate Ammonium lauryl sulfate Ammonium laurate Ammonium malate Ammonium malonate Ammonium mandelate Ammonium myristate Ammonium nicotinate Ammonium nonanoate Ammonium oleate Ammonium oxalate Ammonium picrate Ammonium palmitate Ammonium perfluorononanoate Ammonium picolinate Ammonium propionate Ammonium salicylate Ammonium stearate Ammonium succinate Ammonium tartrate Ammonium thioglycolate Ammonium valerate Cupferron Ferric ammonium oxalate Murexide

v t e Salts and covalent derivatives of the chlorate ion

HClO3 He LiClO3 Be B C NH4ClO3 O F Ne NaClO3 Mg(ClO3)2 Al(ClO3)3 Si P S Cl Ar KClO3 Ca(ClO3)2 Sc Ti V Cr Mn(ClO3)2 Fe(ClO3)3 Co(ClO3)2 Ni(ClO3)2 Cu(ClO3)2 Zn(ClO3)2 Ga(ClO3)3 Ge As Se Br Kr RbClO3 Sr(ClO3)2 Y(ClO3)3 Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd AgClO3 Cd(ClO3)2 In Sn Sb Te I Xe CsClO3 Ba(ClO3)2 * Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt AuClO3 Hg(ClO3)2 Tl Pb(ClO3)2 Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra(ClO3)2 ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og   * La(ClO3)2 Ce Pr(ClO3)2 Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er(ClO3)2 Tm Yb ** Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No