Ammonium Cyanide - Wikipedia

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Ammonium cyanide

Identifiers


CAS Number	12211-52-8 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	140210 Y
PubChem CID	159440
UNII	898Y75UR3N Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00153500
InChI InChI=1S/CN.H3N/c1-2;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1 YKey: ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O Y InChI=1/CN.H3N/c1-2;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1Key: ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-IKLDFBCSAW
SMILES [C-]#N.[NH4+]
Properties
Chemical formula	[NH4]CN
Molar mass	44.0559 g/mol
Appearance	colourless crystalline solid
Density	1.02 g/cm3
Melting point	36 °C (decomp.)
Solubility in water	very soluble
Solubility	very soluble in alcohol
Structure
Crystal structure	cubic
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium azide Ammonium nitrate
Other cations	Sodium cyanide Potassium cyanide
Related compounds	Ammonia Hydrogen cyanide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Ammonium cyanide is an unstable inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH4CN. It is the ammonium salt of hydrogen cyanide. It consists of ammonium cations NH+4 and cyanide anions CN−. Its structural formula is [NH4]+[C≡N]−.

Uses

[edit]

Ammonium cyanide is generally used in organic synthesis.[citation needed] Being unstable, it is not shipped or sold commercially.

Preparation

[edit]

Ammonium cyanide is prepared by combining solutions of hydrogen cyanide and ammonia:[citation needed]

HCN + NH3 → NH4CN

It may be prepared by the reaction of calcium cyanide and ammonium carbonate:[citation needed]

Ca(CN)2 + (NH4)2CO3 → 2 NH4CN + CaCO3

In dry state, ammonium cyanide is made by heating a mixture of potassium cyanide or potassium ferrocyanide with ammonium chloride and condensing the vapours into ammonium cyanide crystals:[citation needed]

KCN + NH4Cl → NH4CN + KCl

Reactions

[edit]

Ammonium cyanide decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen cyanide, often forming a black polymer of hydrogen cyanide:[1]

NH4CN → NH3 + HCN

It undergoes salt metathesis reaction in solution with a number of metal salts to form metal–cyanide complexes.

Reaction with ketones and aldehydes yield aminonitriles, as in the first step of the Strecker amino acid synthesis:

NH4CN + (CH3)2CO → (CH3)2C(NH2)CN + H2O

Toxicity

[edit] Further information: Cyanide poisoning

Ammonium cyanide is highly toxic.

Notes

[edit]

^ Matthews, Clifford N (1991). "Hydrogen cyanide polymerization: A preferred cosmochemical pathway". Bioastronomy: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life—The Exploration Broadens. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 390. pp. 85–87. doi:10.1007/3-540-54752-5_195. ISBN 978-3-540-54752-5.

References

[edit]

A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.

Ammonium salts

Inorganic salts

monatomic anions	NH4F (NH4)2S NH4Cl (NH4)2Se NH4Br NH4I
oxyanions	NH4NO2 NH4NO3 CaNH4PO4 (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)4UO2(CO3)3 (NH4)HCO3 NH4H2AsO4 NH4BrO3 NH4ClO NH4OCN NH4B5O8 (NH4)3PO4 NH4PH2O2 (NH4)2HPO4 (NH4)H2PO4 NH4IO4 (NH4PO4)n(OH)2 NH4NaHPO4 (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O NH4SO3NH2 (NH4)HSO4 (NH4)2S2O8 (NH4)2S2O3 NH4ClO3 NH4ClO4 (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 NH4VO3 Nd(NH4)2(NO3)5 (NH4)2CrO4 (NH4)2Cr2O7 NH4MnO4 (NH4)3AsO4 NH4BrO4 (NH4)2MoO4 (NH4)6Mo7O24 (NH4)3Mo12PO40 NH4IO3 (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (NH4)8Ce2(SO4)8·4H2O (NH4)10H2W12O42·4H2O NH4ReO4 (NH4)2SeO4 (NH4)2TeO4
other anions	NH4BF4 NH4N3 NH4CN NH4[Au(CN)2] (NH4)HF2 (NH4)2SeBr6 (NH4)3AlF6 NH4SbF6 NH4AsF6 (NH4)3CrF6 (NH4)3FeF6 (NH4)3GaF6 (NH4)2GeF6 (NH4)3InF6 NH4NbF6 (NH4)2PtF6 (NH4)2ReF6 (NH4)2SnF6 NH4TaF6 (NH4)2UF6 (NH4)3VF6 (NH4)SiF6 (NH4)HS NH4SCN (NH4)2ZnCl4 (NH4)2MoS4 NH4I3 (NH4)2PtBr6 (NH4)2SnBr6 (NH4)2TeCl6 (NH4)2IrCl6 (NH4)2OsCl6 (NH4)2PtCl6 (NH4)2ReCl6 (NH4)2PdCl6 (NH4)2PbCl6 (NH4)3RhCl6 (NH4)2SeCl6 (NH4)2SnCl6 (NH4)4[Fe(CN)6] (NH4)3VS4 (NH4)2S5 (NH4)4[HgBr6] (NH4)2[PtI6] NH4AuCl4 (NH4)2PdCl4 (NH4)3AsS4 (NH4)2WS4 (NH4)2[PtCl4]

Organic salts

Aluminon
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium adipate
Ammonium alginate
Ammonium benzoate
Ammonium bituminosulfonate
Ammonium butyrate
Ammonium carbamate
Ammonium caprylate
Ammonium cinnamate
Ammonium citrate
Ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate
Ammonium ferric citrate
Ammonium formate
Ammonium fumarate
Ammonium glutamate
Ammonium heptadecanoate
Ammonium itaconate
Ammonium lactate
Ammonium lauryl sulfate
Ammonium laurate
Ammonium malate
Ammonium malonate
Ammonium mandelate
Ammonium myristate
Ammonium nicotinate
Ammonium nonanoate
Ammonium oleate
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium picrate
Ammonium palmitate
Ammonium perfluorononanoate
Ammonium picolinate
Ammonium propionate
Ammonium salicylate
Ammonium stearate
Ammonium succinate
Ammonium tartrate
Ammonium thioglycolate
Ammonium valerate
Cupferron
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Murexide

Salts and covalent derivatives of the cyanide ion

HCN

LiCN

Be(CN)2

B(CN)3

C(CN)4C2(CN)2

NH4CNONCNO2NCNN3CN

OCN−-NCOO(CN)2

FCN

NaCN

Mg(CN)2

Al(CN)3

Si(CN)4(CH3)3SiCN

P(CN)3

SCN−-NCS(SCN)2S(CN)2

ClCN

KCN

Ca(CN)2

Sc(CN)3

Cr(CN)63−

Mn(CN)2

Fe(CN)2Fe(CN)64−Fe(CN)63−

Co(CN)2Co(CN)3−5

Ni(CN)2Ni(CN)42−Ni(CN)44−

CuCN

Zn(CN)2

Ga(CN)3

Ge(CN)2Ge(CN)4

As(CN)3(CH3)2AsCN(C6H5)2AsCN

SeCN−(SeCN)2Se(CN)2

BrCN

RbCN

Sr(CN)2

Y(CN)3

Mo(CN)84−

Pd(CN)2

AgCN

Cd(CN)2

In(CN)3

Sn(CN)2

Sb(CN)3

Te(CN)2Te(CN)4

ICN

CsCN

Ba(CN)2

Lu(CN)3

W(CN)84−

Pt(CN)42-Pt(CN)64-

AuCNAu(CN)2−

Hg2(CN)2Hg(CN)2

TlCN

Pb(CN)2

Bi(CN)3

La(CN)3

Ce(CN)3 Ce(CN)4

Pr(CN)3

Sm(CN)3

Eu(CN)3

Gd(CN)3

Dy(CN)3

Ho(CN)3

Yb(CN)3

Ac(CN)3

Th(CN)4

UO2(CN)2

Từ khóa » Nh4cn + H2o

Ammonium Cyanide - Wikipedia

Uses

Preparation

Reactions

Toxicity

Notes

References

NH4CN + H2O = HCN + NH4OH - Trình Cân Bằng Phản ứng Hoá Học

NH4CN + H2O = NH3 + H3O + CN - Chemical Equation Balancer

Acid-base Equilibrium Of NH4CN - Chemistry Stack Exchange

CH3COCH3 + NH4CN = H2O + NH2CH2CH2CH2CN | Balanced

Hydrogen Cyanide React With Ammonium Hydroxide

NH4CN Is A Salt Of Weak Acid HCN (Ka = 6.2 × 10 - Toppr

Is An Aqueous Solution Of NH 4 CN Acid Basic Or ... - Course Hero

PH Problem : R/chemhelp - Reddit

Acid-base Equilibrium Of NH4CN - ECHEMI

CH3COCH3 + NH4CN → H2O + NH2CH2CH2CH2CN | Phương ...

CN Is A Salt Of Weak Acid HCN(Ka - Tardigrade App

When Nh4cn Is Dissolved In Water The Solution Will Be?

Solved nsider A Solution Of NH4CN(aq). A. Write The

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