Ammonium Cyanide - Wikipedia

Trang chủ » Nh4cn » Ammonium Cyanide - Wikipedia

Có thể bạn quan tâm

Ammonium cyanide
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 12211-52-8 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 140210 checkY
PubChem CID
  • 159440
UNII
  • 898Y75UR3N checkY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID00153500 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/CN.H3N/c1-2;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1 checkYKey: ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O checkY
  • InChI=1/CN.H3N/c1-2;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1Key: ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-IKLDFBCSAW
SMILES
  • [C-]#N.[NH4+]
Properties
Chemical formula [NH4]CN
Molar mass 44.0559 g/mol
Appearance colourless crystalline solid
Density 1.02 g/cm3
Melting point 36 °C (decomp.)
Solubility in water very soluble
Solubility very soluble in alcohol
Structure
Crystal structure cubic
Related compounds
Other anions
  • Ammonium hydroxide
  • Ammonium azide
  • Ammonium nitrate
Other cations
  • Sodium cyanide
  • Potassium cyanide
Related compounds
  • Ammonia
  • Hydrogen cyanide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Ammonium cyanide is an unstable inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH4CN. It is the ammonium salt of hydrogen cyanide. It consists of ammonium cations NH+4 and cyanide anions CN−. Its structural formula is [NH4]+[C≡N]−.

Uses

[edit]

Ammonium cyanide is generally used in organic synthesis.[citation needed] Being unstable, it is not shipped or sold commercially.

Preparation

[edit]

Ammonium cyanide is prepared by combining solutions of hydrogen cyanide and ammonia:[citation needed]

HCN + NH3 → NH4CN

It may be prepared by the reaction of calcium cyanide and ammonium carbonate:[citation needed]

Ca(CN)2 + (NH4)2CO3 → 2 NH4CN + CaCO3

In dry state, ammonium cyanide is made by heating a mixture of potassium cyanide or potassium ferrocyanide with ammonium chloride and condensing the vapours into ammonium cyanide crystals:[citation needed]

KCN + NH4Cl → NH4CN + KCl

Reactions

[edit]

Ammonium cyanide decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen cyanide, often forming a black polymer of hydrogen cyanide:[1]

NH4CN → NH3 + HCN

It undergoes salt metathesis reaction in solution with a number of metal salts to form metal–cyanide complexes.

Reaction with ketones and aldehydes yield aminonitriles, as in the first step of the Strecker amino acid synthesis:

NH4CN + (CH3)2CO → (CH3)2C(NH2)CN + H2O

Toxicity

[edit] Further information: Cyanide poisoning

Ammonium cyanide is highly toxic.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Matthews, Clifford N (1991). "Hydrogen cyanide polymerization: A preferred cosmochemical pathway". Bioastronomy: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life—The Exploration Broadens. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 390. pp. 85–87. doi:10.1007/3-540-54752-5_195. ISBN 978-3-540-54752-5.

References

[edit]
  • A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Ammonium salts
Inorganic salts
monatomic anions
  • NH4F
  • (NH4)2S
  • NH4Cl
  • (NH4)2Se
  • NH4Br
  • NH4I
oxyanions
  • NH4NO2
  • NH4NO3
  • CaNH4PO4
  • (NH4)2CO3
  • (NH4)4UO2(CO3)3
  • (NH4)HCO3
  • NH4H2AsO4
  • NH4BrO3
  • NH4ClO
  • NH4OCN
  • NH4B5O8
  • (NH4)3PO4
  • NH4PH2O2
  • (NH4)2HPO4
  • (NH4)H2PO4
  • NH4IO4
  • (NH4PO4)n(OH)2
  • NH4NaHPO4
  • (NH4)2SO3
  • (NH4)2SO4
  • (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O
  • (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O
  • NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O
  • NH4SO3NH2
  • (NH4)HSO4
  • (NH4)2S2O8
  • (NH4)2S2O3
  • NH4ClO3
  • NH4ClO4
  • (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2
  • NH4VO3
  • Nd(NH4)2(NO3)5
  • (NH4)2CrO4
  • (NH4)2Cr2O7
  • NH4MnO4
  • (NH4)3AsO4
  • NH4BrO4
  • (NH4)2MoO4
  • (NH4)6Mo7O24
  • (NH4)3Mo12PO40
  • NH4IO3
  • (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6
  • (NH4)8Ce2(SO4)8·4H2O
  • (NH4)10H2W12O42·4H2O
  • NH4ReO4
  • (NH4)2SeO4
  • (NH4)2TeO4
other anions
  • NH4BF4
  • NH4N3
  • NH4CN
  • NH4[Au(CN)2]
  • (NH4)HF2
  • (NH4)2SeBr6
  • (NH4)3AlF6
  • NH4SbF6
  • NH4AsF6
  • (NH4)3CrF6
  • (NH4)3FeF6
  • (NH4)3GaF6
  • (NH4)2GeF6
  • (NH4)3InF6
  • NH4NbF6
  • (NH4)2PtF6
  • (NH4)2ReF6
  • (NH4)2SnF6
  • NH4TaF6
  • (NH4)2UF6
  • (NH4)3VF6
  • (NH4)SiF6
  • (NH4)HS
  • NH4SCN
  • (NH4)2ZnCl4
  • (NH4)2MoS4
  • NH4I3
  • (NH4)2PtBr6
  • (NH4)2SnBr6
  • (NH4)2TeCl6
  • (NH4)2IrCl6
  • (NH4)2OsCl6
  • (NH4)2PtCl6
  • (NH4)2ReCl6
  • (NH4)2PdCl6
  • (NH4)2PbCl6
  • (NH4)3RhCl6
  • (NH4)2SeCl6
  • (NH4)2SnCl6
  • (NH4)4[Fe(CN)6]
  • (NH4)3VS4
  • (NH4)2S5
  • (NH4)4[HgBr6]
  • (NH4)2[PtI6]
  • NH4AuCl4
  • (NH4)2PdCl4
  • (NH4)3AsS4
  • (NH4)2WS4
  • (NH4)2[PtCl4]
Organic salts
  • Aluminon
  • Ammonium acetate
  • Ammonium adipate
  • Ammonium alginate
  • Ammonium benzoate
  • Ammonium bituminosulfonate
  • Ammonium butyrate
  • Ammonium carbamate
  • Ammonium caprylate
  • Ammonium cinnamate
  • Ammonium citrate
  • Ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate
  • Ammonium ferric citrate
  • Ammonium formate
  • Ammonium fumarate
  • Ammonium glutamate
  • Ammonium heptadecanoate
  • Ammonium itaconate
  • Ammonium lactate
  • Ammonium lauryl sulfate
  • Ammonium laurate
  • Ammonium malate
  • Ammonium malonate
  • Ammonium mandelate
  • Ammonium myristate
  • Ammonium nicotinate
  • Ammonium nonanoate
  • Ammonium oleate
  • Ammonium oxalate
  • Ammonium picrate
  • Ammonium palmitate
  • Ammonium perfluorononanoate
  • Ammonium picolinate
  • Ammonium propionate
  • Ammonium salicylate
  • Ammonium stearate
  • Ammonium succinate
  • Ammonium tartrate
  • Ammonium thioglycolate
  • Ammonium valerate
  • Cupferron
  • Ferric ammonium oxalate
  • Murexide
  • v
  • t
  • e
Salts and covalent derivatives of the cyanide ion
HCN He
LiCN Be(CN)2 B(CN)3 C(CN)4C2(CN)2 NH4CNONCNO2NCNN3CN OCN−-NCOO(CN)2 FCN Ne
NaCN Mg(CN)2 Al(CN)3 Si(CN)4(CH3)3SiCN P(CN)3 SCN−-NCS(SCN)2S(CN)2 ClCN Ar
KCN Ca(CN)2 Sc(CN)3 Ti V Cr(CN)63− Mn(CN)2 Fe(CN)2Fe(CN)64−Fe(CN)63− Co(CN)2Co(CN)3−5 Ni(CN)2Ni(CN)42−Ni(CN)44− CuCN Zn(CN)2 Ga(CN)3 Ge(CN)2Ge(CN)4 As(CN)3(CH3)2AsCN(C6H5)2AsCN SeCN−(SeCN)2Se(CN)2 BrCN Kr
RbCN Sr(CN)2 Y(CN)3 Zr Nb Mo(CN)84− Tc Ru Rh Pd(CN)2 AgCN Cd(CN)2 In(CN)3 Sn(CN)2 Sb(CN)3 Te(CN)2Te(CN)4 ICN Xe
CsCN Ba(CN)2 * Lu(CN)3 Hf Ta W(CN)84− Re Os Ir Pt(CN)42-Pt(CN)64- AuCNAu(CN)2− Hg2(CN)2Hg(CN)2 TlCN Pb(CN)2 Bi(CN)3 Po At Rn
Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
 
* La(CN)3 Ce(CN)3 Ce(CN)4 Pr(CN)3 Nd Pm Sm(CN)3 Eu(CN)3 Gd(CN)3 Tb Dy(CN)3 Ho(CN)3 Er Tm Yb(CN)3
** Ac(CN)3 Th(CN)4 Pa UO2(CN)2 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Từ khóa » Nh4cn