Apple T2 - Wikipedia

System-on-a-chip designed by Apple Inc Apple T2

General information
Launched	December 14, 2017
Discontinued	June 5, 2023
Designed by	Apple Inc.
Common manufacturer	TSMC[1]
Product code	APL1027
Cache
L1 cache	Per core: 126 KB instruction + 126 KB data[1]
L2 cache	3 MB shared[1]
Architecture and classification
Application	Security, Controller
Technology node	16 nm[1]
Microarchitecture	ARMv8: "Hurricane"/"Zephyr" ARMv7: Cortex-A7
Instruction set	ARMv8.1-A: A64, A32, T32 ARMv7-A: A32
Physical specifications
Cores	4 (2× Hurricane + 2× Zephyr)[1]
Products, models, variants
Variant	Apple A10
History
Predecessor	Apple T1

The Apple T2 (Apple's internal name is T8012)[2] is an ARM system on a chip (SoC) tasked with providing security and controller features to Apple's Intel-based Macintosh computers. It is a 64-bit ARMv8 SoC and runs bridgeOS.[3][4] T2 has its own RAM and is essentially a special embedded controller of its own, running in parallel to and responding to requests by the main computer that the user interacts with.

Design

[edit]

The main application processor in T2 is a variant of the Apple A10, which is a 64-bit ARMv8.1-A based CPU.[1] It is manufactured by TSMC on their 16 nm process, just as the A10. Analysis of the die reveals a nearly identical CPU macro as the A10 which reveals a four core design for its main application processor, with two large high performance cores, "Hurricane", and two smaller efficiency cores, "Zephyr". Analysis also reveals the same amount of RAM controllers, but a much reduced GPU facility; three blocks, only a quarter the size compared to A10.[1]

The die measures 9.6 mm × 10.8 mm, a die size of 104 mm2, which amounts to about 80% of the size of the A10.[1]

It serves as a co-processor to its Intel based host, providing of facilities for handling a variety of functions not present in the host. It is designed to stay active even if the main computer is in a halted low power mode. The main application processor in T2 is running an operating system called bridgeOS.

The secondary processor in T2 is an 32-bit ARMv7-A based CPU called Secure Enclave Processor (SEP) which has the task of generating and storing encryption keys. It is running an operating system called "sepOS" based on the L4 microkernel.[5]

The T2 module is built as a package on a package (PoP) together with its own LP-DDR4 RAM. Mac configurations with 1 TB of SSD storage or greater receive 2 GB LP-DDR4, while lower storage configurations receive 1 GB.[6]

The bridgeOS of Apple T2 is stored in a firmware partition of the Mac's built-in SSD, which is hidden in macOS and Windows.[7]

The T2 communicates with the host via a USB-attached Ethernet port.[3]

Security features

[edit]

There are numerous features regarding security, including:

• The SEP is used for handling and storing encryption keys, including keys for Touch ID, FileVault, macOS Keychain, and UEFI firmware passwords. It also stores the machine's unique ID (UID) and group ID (GID).[8][9][5]
• An AES Crypto Engine implementing AES-256 and a hardware random number generator.[5]
• A Public Key Accelerator is used to perform asymmetric cryptography operations like RSA and elliptic-curve cryptography.[5]
• A storage controller for the computer's solid-state drive, including always on, on-the-fly encryption and decryption of data to and from it.[4][9][10]

The T2 is integral in the boot sequence and upgrading of operating systems, not allowing unsigned components to interfere.[4][8][9][10]

Other features

[edit]

There are other facilities present not directly associated with security.

• Controllers for microphones, camera, ambient light sensors and Touch ID.[8][9][10]
• Image coprocessor enabling accelerated image processing and quality enhancements such as color, exposure balance, and focus for the iMac Pro's FaceTime HD camera.[8][10]
• Video codec enabling accelerated encoding and decoding of H.264 and H.265.[11]
• Controller for a touchscreen, implemented as the Touch Bar in portable Macintosh computers.[9]
• Speech recognition used in the "Hey Siri" feature.[9]
• Monitoring and controlling of the machine state, including a system diagnose server and thermals management.[10][3]
• Speaker controller.[8][10]

History

[edit]

The Apple T2 was first released in the iMac Pro in late 2017.[10]

On July 12, 2018, Apple released an updated MacBook Pro that includes the T2 chip, which among other things enables the "Hey Siri" feature.[12][13]

On November 7, 2018, Apple released the updated Mac Mini and MacBook Air models with the T2 chip.[14][15]

On August 4, 2020, a refresh of the 5K iMac was announced, including the T2 chip.[16]

The functionality of the T2 chip is incorporated in Apple's M-series CPUs, thus eliminating the need for a separate chip in Apple silicon-powered computers.[5] The T2 chip was discontinued with the completion of the Mac transition to Apple silicon in June 2023.

Security vulnerabilities

[edit]

In October 2019 security researchers began to theorize that the T2 might also be affected by the checkm8 bug as it was roughly based on the A10 design from 2016 in the original iMac Pro.[17] Rick Mark then ported libimobiledevice to work with the Apple T2 providing a free and open source solution to restoring the T2 outside of Apple Configurator and enabling further work on the T2.[18] On March 6, 2020, a team of engineers dubbed T2 Development Team exploited the existing checkm8 bug in the T2 and released the hash of a dump of the secure ROM as a proof of entry.[19] The checkra1n team quickly integrated the patches required to support jailbreaking the T2.[20][21][22][23]

The T2 Development Team then used Apple's undocumented vendor-defined messages over USB power delivery to be able to put a T2 device into Device Firmware Upgrade mode without user interaction. This compounded the issue since it was now possible for a T2 to be jailbroken simply by plugging it into a maliciously customised charging device.[24][25][26]

Later in the year the release of the blackbird SEP vulnerability further compounded the impact of the defect by allowing arbitrary code execution in the T2 Secure Enclave Processor.[27] This had the impact of potentially affecting encrypted credentials such as the FileVault keys as well as other secure Apple Keychain items.

Developer Rick Mark then determined that macOS could be installed over the same iDevice recovery protocols, which later ended up true of the M1 series of Apple Macs.[28] On September 10, 2020, a public release of checkra1n was published that allowed users to jailbreak the T2.[29][30] The T2 Development Team created patches to remove signature validation from files on the T2 such as the MacEFI as well as the boot sound. Members of the T2 Development Team begin answering questions in industry Slack instances.[31] A member of the security community from IronPeak used this data to compile an impact analysis of the defect, which was later corrected to correctly attribute the original researchers[32] The original researchers made multiple corrections to the press that covered the IronPeak blog.[33]

In October 2020, a hardware flaw in the chip's security features was found that might be exploited in a way that cannot be patched, using a similar method as the jailbreaking of the iPhone with A10 chip, since the T2 chip is based on the A10 chip. Apple was notified of this vulnerability but did not respond before security researchers publicly disclosed the vulnerability.[34] It was later demonstrated that this vulnerability can allow users to implement custom Mac startup sounds.[35][36]

Products with the T2 chip

[edit]

• iMac Pro
• MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2018, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
• MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2018)
• Mac mini (2018)
• MacBook Air (2018)
• MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019)
• MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2019)
• MacBook Air (2019)
• MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019)
• Mac Pro (2019)
• MacBook Pro (13-inch, Early 2020)
• MacBook Air (Early 2020)[37]
• iMac (27-inch, 2020)

See also

[edit]

• Apple silicon, range of ARM-based processors designed by Apple for their products
• Apple A10
• bridgeOS
• Secure cryptoprocessor

References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Boldt, Paul (July 11, 2021). "Apple's Orphan Silicon". SemiWiki. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
2. ^ "T8012". The Apple Wiki. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
3. ^ a b c Davidov, Mikhail; Erickson, Jeremy (August 8, 2019). "Inside The Apple T2" (PDF). Black Hat USA 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
4. ^ a b c Parrish, Kevin (July 24, 2018). "Apple's T2 chip may be causing issues in iMac Pro and 2018 MacBook Pros". DigitalTrends. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2019. Of all the error messages uploaded to these threads, there is one detail they seem to share: Bridge OS. This is an embedded operating system used by Apple's stand-alone T2 security chip, which provides the iMac Pro with a secure boot, encrypted storage, live "Hey Siri" commands, and so on.
5. ^ a b c d e "Apple Platform Security: Secure Enclave". Archived from the original on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
6. ^ ""Starting at" is the Biggest Lie in Tech". Linus Tech Tips. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
7. ^ "Apple iMac Pro and Secure Storage". Cisco Duo. 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2025-01-24.
8. ^ a b c d e "iMac Pro Features Apple's Custom T2 Chip With Secure Boot Capabilities". MacRumors. December 14, 2017. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
9. ^ a b c d e f Evans, Jonny (23 July 2018). "The MacBook Pro's T2 chip boosts enterprise security". Computerworld. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
10. ^ a b c d e f g Snell, Jason (January 3, 2018). "The T2 chip makes the iMac Pro the start of a Mac revolution". Macworld. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
11. ^ "Apple's T2 chip makes a giant difference in video encoding for most users". 9 April 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
12. ^ Rossignol, Joe (July 12, 2018). "Apple Launches 2018 MacBook Pros: 8th Gen Core, Up to 32GB of RAM, Third-Gen Keyboard, Quad-Core on 13-Inch and More". MacRumors. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
13. ^ "Apple updates MacBook Pro with faster performance and new features for pros". Apple Inc. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
14. ^ Broussard, Mitchel (October 30, 2018). "Apple Announces New MacBook Air With 13-Inch Retina Display and Touch ID". MacRumors. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
15. ^ Hardwick, Tim (October 30, 2018). "Apple Announces New Space Gray Mac mini With 4-Core or 6-Core Intel Processor and Up to 64GB RAM, Starting at $799". MacRumors. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
16. ^ "27-inch iMac gets a major update" (Press release). Apple Inc. August 4, 2020. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
17. ^ "Original GitHub issue". Github. 2019-08-06. Archived from the original on 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
18. ^ "T2 Support in libimobiledeive". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
19. ^ "t8012 SecureROM Hash". Twitter. 2020-03-06. Archived from the original on 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
20. ^ "checkra1n supports T2". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-07-03. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
21. ^ Bouchard, Anthony (2020-03-18). "Checkra1n experimental pre-release adds preliminary support for iOS 13.4, Mac T2 chip". iDownloadBlog.com. Archived from the original on 2021-06-26. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
22. ^ "Hacker omzeilt beveiliging T2-chip in recente Mac-computers". Tweakers (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2021-06-26. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
23. ^ Mark, Rick (2020-10-07). "On bridgeOS / T2 Research". T2 Dev Team Blog. Timeline of Events. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08.
24. ^ Rick Mark; mrarm; Aun-Ali Zaidi; h0m3us3r (2020-10-12). "Plug'nPwn - Connect to Jailbreak". The T2 Development Blog. Archived from the original on 2021-10-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
25. ^ "T2 Debug Interface Exposed". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
26. ^ "Intel Debug Exposed over T2 interface". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-07-05. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
27. ^ "Blackbird Exploit for Apple SEP". iDownloadBlog. 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
28. ^ "macOS restore via USB". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-07-06. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
29. ^ "checkra1n". checkra.in. Archived from the original on 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
30. ^ "Hackers jailbreak Apple's T2 security chip powered by bridgeOS". 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021.
31. ^ "Industry: bridgeOS / checkra1n Questions". Dropbox Paper. Archived from the original on 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
32. ^ "ironPeak". ironpeak.be. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
33. ^ "Paper". Dropbox. Archived from the original on 2021-07-12. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
34. ^ "Hackers claim they can now jailbreak Apple's T2 security chip". ZDNET. October 6, 2020. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
35. ^ "Checkra1n tinkerer demonstrates custom boot sound on T2-equipped Mac". iDownloadBlog.com. 2020-10-29. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
36. ^ "Apple T2 hack means you can have PS5 sounds be your startup chime". iMore. 2020-11-23. Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
37. ^ "Mac models with the Apple T2 Security Chip". Archived from the original on 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2021-07-11.

v t e Apple silicon
A series	Current A13 Bionic A15 Bionic A16 Bionic A17 Pro A18 / A18 Pro A19 / A19 Pro Discontinued A4 A5 A5X A6 A6X A7 A8 A8X A9 A9X A10 Fusion A10X Fusion A11 Bionic A12 Bionic A12X / A12Z Bionic A14 Bionic
M series	Current M2 Ultra M3 / M3 Ultra M4 / M4 Pro / M4 Max M5 Discontinued M1 / M1 Pro / M1 Max / M1 Ultra M2 / M2 Pro / M2 Max M3 Pro / M3 Max
S series	S1 / S1P S2
T series	T2

v t e Application ARM-based chips
Arm ARM architecture family List of ARM processors List of products using ARM processors ARM Cortex-A ARM Cortex-R ARM Cortex-M Comparison of ARM processors
Applicationprocessors(32-bit)	ARMv7-A Cortex-A5 Actions ATM702x Amlogic M805, S805, T82x Atmel SAMA5D3 InfoTM iMAPx820, iMAPx15 Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 Play, 200 RDA RDA8810PL Telechips TCC892x Cortex-A7 Allwinner A2x, A3x, A83T, H3, H8 NXP i.MX7, QorIQ LS10xx, NXP i.MX6UL Broadcom BCM2836, BCM23550 Leadcore LC1813, LC1860/C, LC1913, LC1960 Marvell Armada 1500 mini plus, PXA1920 MediaTek MT65xx Rockchip RK3126, RK3506 Qualcomm Snapdragon 200, 205, 208, 210, 212, 400 UNISOC SC7731(E), T127 Cortex-A8 Allwinner A1x Apple A4 Freescale i.MX5 Rockchip RK291x Samsung Exynos 3110 (S5PC110), S5PV210 Texas Instruments OMAP 3, Sitara AM3xxx, DM38x ZiiLABS ZMS-08 Cortex-A9 Actions ATM702x, ATM703x Altera Cyclone V, Arria V/10 Amlogic AML8726, MX, M6x, M801, M802/S802, S812, T86x Apple A5, A5X Broadcom BCM21xxx, BCM28xxx Freescale i.MX6 HiSilicon K3V2, 910's InfoTM iMAPx912 Leadcore LC1810, LC1811 Marvell Armada 1500 mini MediaTek MT65xx Nvidia Tegra, 2, 3, 4i Nufront NuSmart 2816M, NS115, NS115M Renesas EMMA EV2, R-Car H1, RZ/A Rockchip RK292x, RK30xx, RK31xx Samsung Exynos 4 421x, 441x ST-Ericsson NovaThor Telechips TCC8803 Texas Instruments OMAP 4, Sitara AM4xxx VIA WonderMedia WM88x0, 89x0 Xilinx Zynq-7000 ZiiLABS ZMS-20, ZMS-40 Cortex-A15 Allwinner A80 HiSilicon K3V3 MediaTek MT8135/V Nvidia Tegra 4, K1 Renesas R-Car H2 Samsung Exynos 5 52xx, 54xx Texas Instruments OMAP 5, DRA7xx, Sitara AM5xxx, AM57xx Cortex-A17 MediaTek MT6595, MT5595 MStar 6A928 Rockchip RK3288 Others Cortex-A12 ARMv7-Acompatible Apple A6, A6X, S1, S1P, S2, S3 Broadcom Brahma-B15 Marvell P4J Qualcomm Snapdragon S1, S2, S3, S4 Plus, S4 Pro, 600, 800 (Scorpion, Krait) ARMv8-A Others Cortex-A32
Applicationprocessors(64-bit)	ARMv8-A Cortex-A35 NXP i.MX8X MediaTek MT6799, MT8516 Rockchip RK3308 Cortex-A53 Actions GT7, S900, V700 Allwinner A133, A64, H5, H64, R18 Altera Stratix 10 Amlogic S9 Family, T96x Broadcom BCM2837 EZchip TILE-Mx100 HiSilicon Kirin 620, 650, 655, 658, 659, 930, 935 Marvell Armada PXA1928, Mobile PXA1908/PXA1936 MediaTek MT673x, MT675x, MT6761V, MT6762/V, MT6763T, MT6765/G/H, MT6795, MT8161, MT8163, MT8165, MT8732, MT8735, MT8752 NXP ARM S32, QorIQ LS1088, LS1043, i.MX8M Qualcomm Snapdragon 215, 410, 412, 415, 425, 427, 429, 430, 435, 439, 450, 610, 615, 616, 617, 625, 626, 630 Renesas RZ/V2M Rockchip RK3328, RK3368, RK3528, RK3562, RK3576 Samsung Exynos 7570, 7578, 7580, 7870, 7880 Texas Instruments Sitara AM6xxx UNISOC SC9820E, SC9832E, SC9860/GV, SL8541E Xilinx ZynqMP Cortex-A57 AMD Opteron A1100-series NXP QorIQ LS20xx Nvidia Tegra X1, Tegra X2 Qualcomm Snapdragon 808 and 810 Samsung Exynos 7 5433, 7420 HiSilicon Kirin Hi1610 and Hi1612 Cortex-A72 AWS Graviton Broadcom BCM2711 HiSilicon Kirin 950, 955, Kunpeng 916 MediaTek MT6797/D/T/X, MT8173, MT8176, MT8693 MStar 6A938 Qualcomm Snapdragon 650, 652, 653 Rockchip RK3399, RK3576 NXP QorIQ LS2088, QorIQ LS1046A, QorIQ LX2160A, QorIQ LS1028A, i.MX8 Cortex-A73 Allwinner A333 Amlogic S922X Qualcomm Snapdragon 460, 632, 636, 660, 662, 665, 680, 685, 6s 4G Gen 1, 835 Samsung Exynos 7872, 7884, 7885, 7904, 9609, 9610, 9611 HiSilicon Kirin 710, 960, 970 MediaTek MT6771/V, MT6799, MT8183, MT8788 Others Cortex-A34 ARMv8-Acompatible Ampere eMAG Apple A7, A8, A8X, A9, A9X, A10, A10X Applied Micro X-Gene Cavium ThunderX Nvidia Tegra K1 (Denver), Tegra X2 (Denver2) Qualcomm Kryo, Falkor Samsung Exynos M1 (Mongoose), M2 (Mongoose) ARMv8.1-A ARMv8.1-Acompatible Cavium ThunderX2 ARMv8.2-A Cortex-A55 Allwinner A523 Rockchip RK3566, RK3568, RK3582, RK3588 Samsung Exynos 850 UNISOC SC9863/A, T158, T603, T7100 Cortex-A75 Qualcomm Snapdragon 670, 710, 712, 845, 850 Samsung Exynos 9820, 9825 MediaTek MT6769H/T/V/Z, MT6768, MT6779V UNISOC S512, S513, S562, S563, T310, T606, T610, T615, T616, T618, T619, T620, T700, T710, T7200, T7225, T7250, T7255, T7280, T740 Cortex-A76 ASR 8662 Allwinner A733 Google Tensor HiSilicon Kirin 810, 820, 980, 985, 990 Qualcomm Snapdragon 480(+), 675, 678, 720G, 730(G), 732G, 765(G), 768G, 855(+), 860, 7c (Gen 2), 8c, 8cx (Gen 2) Microsoft SQ1, SQ2 MediaTek MT6781, MT6785V, MT6789, MT6833V/P, MT6853V/T, MT6873, MT6875, MT8192, Dimensity 6020, 6080, 6100+, 6300(+), 6400 (Max) Rockchip RK3582, RK3588 Samsung Exynos 990 UNISOC S713, S752, S762, S913, T750, T760, T765, T770, T820, T8100, T8200, T9100 Cortex-A77 MediaTek Dimensity 1000(+) Qualcomm Snapdragon 690, 750G, 865(+), 870 HiSilicon Kirin 9000 Samsung Exynos 880, 980 Cortex-A78 Google Tensor G2 MediaTek MT6877, MT6878, MT6879, MT6891, MT6893, Dimensity 7020, 7025 (Ultra), 7030, 7050, 7060, 7300 (Energy/Pro/Ultimate/Ultra/X), 7360 (Turbo), 7400(X), 8000, 8020, 8050, 8100, 8200 (Ultimate/Ultra), Kompanio 900T, 1200, 1380, 1300T Qualcomm Snapdragon 4 Gen 1, 4(s) Gen 2, 695, 6 Gen 1, 6(s) Gen 3, 6s Gen 4, 778G(+), 780G, 782G, 888(+) Samsung Exynos 1080, 1280, 1330, 1380, 1480, 2100 UNISOC S715, T7300, T8300 Cortex-X1 Google Tensor, Tensor G2 Qualcomm Snapdragon 888(+) Samsung Exynos 2100 Neoverse N1 Ampere Altra, Altra Max AWS Graviton2 Others Cortex-A65, Cortex-A65AE, Cortex-A76AE, Cortex-A78C, Cortex-X1C, Neoverse E1 ARMv8.2-Acompatible Apple A11 Fujitsu A64FX HiSilicon TaiShan v110 Nvidia Tegra Xavier (Carmel) Samsung Exynos M3 (Meerkat), M4 (Cheetah), M5 (Lion) ARMv8.3-A ARMv8.3-Acompatible Apple A12, A12X/A12Z, S4, S5 Marvell ThunderX3 ARMv8.4-A Neoverse V1 AWS Graviton3 ARMv8.4-Acompatible Apple A13, S6, S7, S8 ARMv8.5-A ARMv8.5-Acompatible Apple A14, M1 ARMv8.6-A ARMv8.6-Acompatible Ampere Computing AmpereOne, AmpereOne M Apple A15, A16, A17, M2, M3 ARMv8.7-A ARMv8.7-Acompatible Qualcomm Oryon ARMv9.0-A Cortex-A510 Google Tensor G3 MediaTek Dimensity 7200 (Pro/Ultra), 7350 Pro, 8300 (Ultra), 8350 (Apex/Extreme/Ultimate), 9000(+), 9200 Qualcomm Snapdragon 7 Gen 1/3, 7s/7+ Gen 2, 8(+) Gen 1, 8 Gen 2 Samsung Exynos 2200 Cortex-A710 MediaTek Dimensity 9000/9000+ Qualcomm Snapdragon 7 Gen 1/3, 7s/7+ Gen 2, 8(+) Gen 1, 8 Gen 2 Samsung Exynos 2200 Cortex-A715 Google Tensor G3 MediaTek Dimensity 7200 (Pro/Ultra), 7350 Pro, 8300 (Ultra), 8350 (Apex/Extreme/Ultimate), 9200 Qualcomm Snapdragon 7 Gen 3, 8 Gen 2 Cortex-X2 MediaTek Dimensity 9000/9000+ Qualcomm Snapdragon 7s/7+ Gen 2, 8(+) Gen 1 Samsung Exynos 2200 Cortex-X3 Google Tensor G3 MediaTek Dimensity 9200(+) Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Neoverse N2 Alibaba YiTian 710 Microsoft Azure Cobalt 100 Neoverse V2 AWS Graviton4 Google Axion Nvidia Grace ARMv9.2-A Cortex-A520 Google Tensor G4 Qualcomm Snapdragon 6 Gen 4, 7s/7+ Gen 3, 7s/7+ Gen 4, 8(s) Gen 3 Samsung Exynos 1580, 2400(e), 2500 Xiaomi Xring O1 Cortex-A720 Google Tensor G4 MediaTek Dimensity 9300(+), 9400e Qualcomm Snapdragon 6 Gen 4, 7s/7+ Gen 3, 7s/7+ Gen4, 8(s) Gen 3, 8s Gen 4 Samsung Exynos 1580, 2400(e) Cortex-A725 MediaTek Dimensity 8400 (Ultra) Samsung Exynos 2500 Xiaomi Xring O1 Cortex-X4 Google Tensor G4 MediaTek Dimensity 9300(+), Dimensity 9400(+,e) Qualcomm Snapdragon 7+ Gen 3, 8(s) Gen 3, 8s Gen 4 Samsung Exynos 2400(e) Cortex-X925 MediaTek Dimensity 9400(+) Samsung Exynos 2500 Xiaomi Xring O1 Neoverse N3 - Neoverse V3 AWS Graviton5 Microsoft Azure Cobalt 200 Nvidia Thor (V3AE) ARMv9.2-Acompatible Apple A18 Apple M4 ARMv9.3-A Lumex C1-Ultra MediaTek Dimensity 9500 Lumex C1-Premium MediaTek Dimensity 9500 Lumex C1-Pro MediaTek Dimensity 9500 Lumex C1-Nano TBD