Atmospheric Emissions Of Toxic Elements (As, Cd, Hg, And Pb) From ...

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RSC Advances

Atmospheric emissions of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) from brick making plants in China†

Check for updates Chuncai Zhou,abc Guijian Liu,*ab Ting Fang,a Paul K. S. Lamc and James C. W. Lamc Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

a CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +86-551-63621485 Tel: +86-551-63603714

b State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China

c State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

Abstract

A multiple-year emission inventory of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb from brick making plants in China has been first established for the period 2008–2013 by employing the available emission factors and annual activity data. The atmospheric emissions of toxic elements were determined by a bottom-up methodology with the provincial-level statistical data on raw materials (coal, coal gangue, coal ash and clay) consumption and the reasonable emission factors of toxic elements. The provincial average concentrations of toxic elements in different raw materials were elaborately reviewed and calculated with multiple statistical mean calculation methods. Simulation experiments were performed to determine the emission factors of toxic elements from different raw materials. The results show that the total national emissions of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb from brick-making plants have been increasing to 644.05 t, 94.96 t, 9.71 t, and 3269.79 t in 2013, at an annual average growth rate of 22.8%, 25.6%, 19.2%, and 24.6% due to the lack of atmospheric pollutant control devices, respectively, which are higher than that of emissions from coal-fired plants (except for Hg) in China. Coal ash is the main source of As, Cd, and Pb emissions, accounting for 87.9%, 89.5%, and 88.4% of the respective total emissions due to the high consumption with high concentration and emission factor of TE. Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and Guangxi are the largest emitting provinces. Advanced technologies and integrated countermeasures to control toxic elements from brick making plants are urgently needed.

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Article information

DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA14443K Article type Paper Submitted 13 Nov 2014 Accepted 23 Jan 2015 First published 23 Jan 2015

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RSC Adv., 2015,5, 14497-14505 BibTex EndNote MEDLINE ProCite ReferenceManager RefWorks RIS

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Atmospheric emissions of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) from brick making plants in China

C. Zhou, G. Liu, T. Fang, P. K. S. Lam and J. C. W. Lam, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 14497 DOI: 10.1039/C4RA14443K

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