Auto-ignition Of CH4air, C3H8air, CH4/C3H8/air And CH4/CO2/air ...

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keyboard_arrow_downTitleAbstractKey TakeawaysFiguresIntroductionApparatus and Experimental ProcedureExperimental ResultsDiscussionInfluences of the Experimental ConditionsApplication of the Present Experimental DataConclusionsReferencesFAQsAll TopicsEngineeringAutomotive Engineeringdownload

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Download Free PDFAuto-ignition of CH4air, C3H8air, CH4/C3H8/air and CH4/CO2/air using a 11 ignition bombDehong Kong

1995, Journal of Hazardous Materials

https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)00082-Rvisibility

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Abstract

The distinction between auto-ignition and hot-surface ignition of a given gas is emphasized. In ideal auto-ignition there is no diffusion of heat or matter. Published information on auto-ignition temperatures (AIT) of multi-component fuels in air is scarce. This also applies to North Sea natural gas, of which CH4, higher alkanes and CO2 are essential components. In the present experimental laboratory-scale study, AIT of four types of hydrocarbon mixtures (CH,/air, &Ha/air, CH,/C,H,/air and CH,/air/CO,) have been measured using a 1 1 ignition bomb. The experimental method ensured that the gas mixtures studied were of known composition and homogeneous in concentration. The gas mixture was admitted to the preevacuated ignition bomb in the form of a turbulent jet when the bomb wall had reached the desired temperature. Ignition was recognized as a sudden pressure rise in the bomb a few seconds after the gas flow into the bomb had stopped. The minimum AITs for CH,/air and C3H8/air were found to be 640°C and 5OO"C, respectively. The AIT of CH,/C,H,/air decreased with increasing propane content and total fuel concentration. A fuel concentration region was discovered for which CH,/C,H,/air and &Ha/air with the same ratio of propane to oxygen gave the same AIT. Reducing the oxygen content of a CH,/air mixture by adding CO2 gave, under the present experimental conditions, a systematic increase of AIT with increasing CO2 content. The role of the CO2 was probably essentially that of an inert diluent. It has been known for a long time that the 'minimum hot-surface ignition temperature' is not a constant for a given gas mixture, but highly dependent, by several hundred degrees centigrade, on the dynamic state of the gas, the geometry and material of the ignition surface, and the mode of heat supply to the surface. The direct application of AIT values to assess industrial hot-surface ignition risks may therefore be unduly conservative. Consequently there is a need for general mathematical models that can predict minimum ignition temperatures for various practical situations in industry. Such models will have to contain sub-models of ignition chemistry, fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer.

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Key takeaways

AI

1. The minimum auto-ignition temperatures (AITs) are 640°C for CH4/air and 500°C for C3H8/air.
2. Adding CO2 increases AIT modestly, with only a 14°C rise at 5.1 vol.% CO2.
3. A strong non-linear dependence of AIT on equivalence ratio is observed for mono-fuel mixtures.
4. Measurements provide insights for developing models predicting ignition temperatures in industrial applications.
5. The method used ensures accurate control of gas mixture composition, unlike standard test methods.

Figures (9)arrow_back_ios

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References (5)

1. Cl1 PI M c41 CSI C61 c71 PI B.P. Mullins, Spontaneous Ignition of Liquid Fuels, Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1955. F. Alfert and K. Fuhre, Ignition of Gas Clouds by Hot Surfaces -Which Maximum Temperature is Relevant and Acceptable for Equipment in Classified Areas, Ref. CMI-No. 873301-1, Bergen, January 1988. R.K. Eckhoff and 0. Thomassen, Possible sources of ignition of potential explosive gas atmospheres on offshore process installations, J. Loss Prev. Process Industry, Special Issue on Safety on Offshore Process Installations: North Sea, 7 (1994) 281-294.
2. D. Kong and F. Alfert, Experimental Study of Spontaneous Ignition Temperatures of CH,/air, C,Hs/air, CH,CaHs/air and CH,/air/CO, Mixtures in a 1.0 Litre Ignition Bomb. Report Ref. No. CMI-91-F25016, Chr. Michelsen Institute, Dept. Science and Technology, Bergen, Norway, November 1991 (confidential).
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4. H. Guirguis, A.K. Oppenheim, I. Karasalo and J.R. Creighton, Thermal-chemistry of methane ignition, In: J.R. Bowen, N. Manson, A.K. Oppenheim and R.I. Soloukhin (Eds.). Combustion in Reactive systems, Vol. 76 of Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, published by American Inst.
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FAQs

AI

What range of temperatures represents minimum ignition temperatures for gas mixtures?add

The study finds that AITs for CH4/air are as low as 640°C while C3H8/air exhibits AITs around 500°C, reflecting significant dependency on equivalence ratios.

How does the presence of propane affect the AIT of methane mixtures?add

The AIT decreases monotonically as propane concentration increases; a steep drop occurs from 0 to 30 vol.% of propane.

What are the effects of CO2 addition on auto-ignition temperature?add

Adding CO2 to CH4 results in a modest AIT increase of up to 14°C, indicating slight dilution effects.

What method was used to measure auto-ignition temperatures in this study?add

An ignition bomb method was employed, ensuring rigorous control of gas compositions and temperature distributions during experiments.

How do gas mixture compositions influence AIT in practical applications?add

AIT values provide relative measures of ignitability rather than direct applications for assessing ignition hazards in industry.

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