Butanoic Acid - The NIST WebBook

Butanoic acid

• Formula: C4H8O2
• Molecular weight: 88.1051
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6) Copy
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 107-92-6
• Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5)
• Other names: Butyric acid; n-Butanoic acid; n-Butyric acid; Ethylacetic acid; Propylformic acid; 1-Butyric acid; 1-Propanecarboxylic acid; n-C3H7COOH; Propanecarboxylic acid; Butanic acid; Buttersaeure; Kyselina maselna; UN 2820; 1-Butanoic acid; NSC 8415
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• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments: B - John E. Bartmess ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C4H7O2- + =

By formula: C4H7O2- + H+ = C4H8O2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	1451. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDEq	Norrman and McMahon, 1999	gas phase; B
ΔrH°	1450. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	G+TS	Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989	gas phase; B
ΔrH°	1450. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	G+TS	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrG°	1420. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989	gas phase; B
ΔrG°	1420. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B

2 + =

By formula: 2H2 + C4H4O2 = C4H8O2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	-292.0 ± 0.84	kJ/mol	Chyd	Flitcroft and Skinner, 1958	solid phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -303. ± 4.6 kJ/mol; ALS

+ + = C4H10NO6-

By formula: NO3- + H2O + C4H8O2 = C4H10NO6-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrG°	15.9 ± 0.84	kJ/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

CO3 + + = C5H10O6-

By formula: CO3 + H2O + C4H8O2 = C5H10O6-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrG°	15.1 ± 0.84	kJ/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ = C4H8NO5-

By formula: NO3- + C4H8O2 = C4H8NO5-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrG°	53.56 ± 0.84	kJ/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ = C4H8NO4-

By formula: NO2- + C4H8O2 = C4H8NO4-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrG°	55.65 ± 0.84	kJ/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

References

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Norrman and McMahon, 1999 Norrman, K.; McMahon, T.B., Intramolecular solvation of carboxylate anions in the gas phase, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 35, 7008-7016, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9908202 . [all data]

Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989 Caldwell, G.; Renneboog, R.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Acidities of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Based on Measurements of Proton Transfer Equilibria, Can. J. Chem., 1989, 67, 4, 661, https://doi.org/10.1139/v89-092 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Flitcroft and Skinner, 1958 Flitcroft, T.L.; Skinner, H.A., Heats of hydrogenation Part 2.-Acetylene derivatives, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1958, 54, 47-53. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970 Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000 Viidanoja, J.; Reiner, T.; Kiendler, A.; Grimm, F.; Arnold, F., Laboratory investigations of negative ion molecule reactions of propionic, butyric, glyoxylic, pyruvic, and pinonic acids, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 194, 1, 53-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00172-4 . [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:

  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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