Cam Sành - Wikipedia

Citrus fruit and plant

Cam sành
A cam sành tree
Genus	Citrus
Species	Citrus reticulata × sinensis

Cam sành (Vietnamese: [kaːmʂâjŋ̟])[1][2] or King orange (Citrus reticulata × sinensis)[1] is a citrus hybrid originating in Vietnam.

Cam sành is Vietnamese for "terracotta orange", although the fruit is more akin to a mandarin or tangerine. The fruit may be easily recognized by its thick skin, which is typically bright green,[1] although the skin may also be partly green and partly orange, or entirely orange. Its flesh is orange, dark and sweet.[2] This is the most popular orange variety in Vietnam and Cambodia.

Characteristics

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The cam sành tree typically grows to around 3 to 3.5 meters high, with an umbrella-shaped canopy typically 3 - 4 meters in diameter. The fruit itself is round with a diameter of 4 - 12 centimeters. The fruit skin is around 5 millimeters thick and green and lumpy when ripe. The flesh has a dark yellow-orange colour with a sweet and sour taste.[3]

Classification

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This tree is referred to as the "King Tangor" or "King Mandarin" in most horticultural literature.[4] Budwood for grafting is available through the University of California Citrus Clonal Protection Program.[5] One notable difference is that in temperate climates the fruit will turn a bright orange in response to colder temperatures when the fruits ripen.[4]

It is one among many citrus fruits from the region. These include the closely related yellow cam canh and reddish to yellow cam bo ha mandarin–pomelos hybrids; the orange-colored chun or sen, yellow bak son, and pink hong orange–mandarin hybrids or "king mandarins" (C. reticulata × C. sinensis); as well as at least three non-hybridized mandarin (C. reticulata) varietals.[1] The term "king mandarin" is sometimes applied to the cam sành itself.[2]

Distribution

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The tree was introduced to the United States in 1880, when the United States Minister to Japan John A. Bingham arranged for six cam sành fruits to be shipped from Saigon, Cochinchina to Dr. H. S. Magee, a nurseryman in Riverside, California. In 1882, Magee sent two seedlings and budwood to J. C. Stovin in Winter Park, Florida.[6][7]

In Vietnam, the tree is cultivated in the Mỏ Cày district, Bến Tre province, as well as the northern mountainous areas.[1][2] It has also been grown in the Bố Hạ region of Yên Thế (Yên District) of Bắc Giang province,[2] but had been eradicated due to the citrus greening disease. Nowadays, cam sành is planted widely in northeastern Vietnam (particularly Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, and Yên Bái), as well as in several provinces of the Mekong Delta in the south, including Vĩnh Long, Cần Thơ, and Tiền Giang.[citation needed]

Cultivation

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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2010)

It prefers alluvial soil, and a cool, moist climate, but is widely adaptable,[2] and does well at comparatively high altitudes.[2][1] Yield is high, with an average fruit weight of 150–250 g (5.3–8.8 oz).[2] Although climatic conditions are not favourable to produce high quality oranges for fresh consumption in Southern Vietnam, the tropical climate favours vigorous growth, and sweet fruit. This would be ideal for orange juice production and Cam Sanh produced from the South supplies high demand of people in the North.[1]

References

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1. ^ a b c d e f g "Fruits of Vietnam".
2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Công nghệ tuyển chọn và nhân giống cây có múi sạch bệnh". Archived from the original on 2010-11-21. Retrieved 2007-10-19.
3. ^ "CAM SÀNH". CÂY ĂN TRÁI. Retrieved 2025-11-20.
4. ^ a b Riverside, University Of California. "King tangor Citrus nobilis Lour". Citrus Variety Collection. UCR. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
5. ^ UCR, Riverside. "Citrus Clonal Program Info Site". Retrieved 29 May 2012.
6. ^ "Mandarin Orange".
7. ^ "Horticultural Varieties of Citrus". Archived from the original on 2008-03-08. Retrieved 2007-10-19.

v t e Citrus
True species	Australian and Papuan wild limes group Citron Ichang papeda Kaffir lime Kumquats group Mandarin orange Mangshanyegan Mountain citron Pomelo Ryukyu mandarin
Major hybrids	Grapefruit Lemon Lime Orange (sweet orange)
True and hybridcultivars	Alemow Amanatsu Assam lemon Bergamot orange Bizzarria Bitter orange Blood lime Blood orange Byeonggyul Biasong Cam sành Cara Cara navel orange Citrange Citrumelo Citrus taiwanica Clementine Coorg orange Daidai Dekopon Encore Fairchild tangerine Florentine citron Forbidden fruit Ginger lime Haruka Hassaku Hebesu Heen naran Hyuganatsu Imperial lemon Indian wild orange Iyokan Jabara Jaffa orange Jamaican tangelo Kabbad Kabosu Kaji Nemu Kakadu lime Kalpi Kanpei Kawachi bankan Key lime Khasi papeda Kinkoji unshiu Kinnow Kishu mikan Kiyomi Kobayashi mikan Koji Komikan Laraha Lemonade fruit Limón de Pica Lumia Mandelo Mandora Melanesian papeda Melogold Meyer lemon Micrantha Midknight Valencia Orange Murcott Myrtle-leaved orange tree Nagpur orange Nasnaran New Zealand grapefruit Ōgonkan Orangelo/Chironja Oroblanco Palestinian sweet lime Persian lime Pixie mandarin Pompia Ponderosa lemon Ponkan Rangpur Reikou Rhobs el Arsa Rough lemon Samuyao Sanbokan Satsuma mandarin Setoka Shangjuan Shonan Gold Smith Red Valencia Sudachi Suruga yuko Sweet lemon Sweet limetta Tangelo Tangerine Tangor Tsunonozomi Valencia orange Variegated pink lemon Volkamer lemon Winged lime Xã Đoài orange Yūkō Yuzu
Citrons	Balady citron Corsican citron Diamante citron Fingered citron/Buddha's hand Greek citron Moroccan citron Yemenite citron
Mandarin oranges	Cleopatra mandarin Shīkwāsā Nanfengmiju Tachibana Willowleaf orange
Papedas	Celebes papeda Mountain "citron" Ichang papeda
Pomelos	Banpeiyu Dangyuja
Kumquats group	Kumquat species Hong Kong kumquat Meiwa kumquat Oval kumquat Round kumquat Jiangsu kumquat Malayan kumquat Kumquat hybrids (× Citrofortunella) Calamansi Citrangequat Limequat Mandarinquat Procimequat Sunquat Yuzuquat
Australianand Papuanwild limes group	Eromocitrus (former genera) Desert lime Microcitrus (former genera) New Guinea wild lime Australian round lime Russell River lime Maiden's wild lime Mount White lime Australian finger lime Brown River finger lime Clymenia (former genera) Clymenia platypoda Clymenia polyandra Oxanthera (former genera) Orange-flowered oxanthera Large-leaf oxanthera Wavy-leaf oxanthera Oxanthera brevipes
Related genera(perhapsproperly Citrus)	Poncirus/Trifoliate orange
Drinks	Calamansi juice Chūhai Dried lime tea (noomi basra) Grapefruit juice Lemon liqueur Cedratine Curaçao Limoncello Lemonade Mint lemonade Swiss lemonade Lime cordial Limeade Orange juice Triple sec Yuja-hwachae Yuja tea
Products	Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil tires Orangeat Pickled lime Chanh muối Preserved lemon Succade Zest Twist
Diseases	Black spot Canker CTV/Tristeza Exocortis Greening Mal secco Phytophthora citricola
Citrus botanists	Clara H. Hasse Robert Willard Hodgson Lena B. Smithers Hughes David Mabberley Clément Rodier Robert Soost Walter Tennyson Swingle Chōzaburō Tanaka Ikuro Takahashi Johann Christoph Volkamer Herbert John Webber
Citrus production	Citrus rootstock Kumquat production in China Lemon Capital of the World Lime production in Mexico Orange production in Brazil
Related topics	The Citrus Industry Citrus taxonomy Cold-hardy citrus Hesperidium Japanese citrus List of citrus fruits Mother Orange Tree Orangery University of California Citrus Experiment Station University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection
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