Chi - Wiktionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "chi" Languages (26)Translingual • EnglishAtsahuaca • Cornish • Dutch • Esperanto • Garo • Guerrero Amuzgo • Ibaloi • Italian • Japanese • K'iche' • Kokborok • Ladin • Lombard • Mandarin • Norman • Polish • Portuguese • Sardinian • Sassarese • Spanish • Vietnamese • Welsh • Yola • ZouPage categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping of English Chinese.

Symbol

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chi

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Chinese.

See also

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• Wiktionary’s coverage of Chinese terms

English

[edit] Ancient Greek alphabet

← phi		→ psi
Χ χ Ancient Greek: χεῖ
Wikipedia article on chi

English Wikipedia has an article on:chi (letter)Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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From Latin chī, from Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî).

Alternative forms

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• khi

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /kaɪ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪ

Noun

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chi (plural chis)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets.

Derived terms

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• chi-by-eye
• chi-rho
• chi-square distribution
• chi-square test

Derived terms

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• chi distribution
• chi-square

Translations

[edit] Greek letter

Arabic: خِي m (ḵī) Asturian: khi (ast) Catalan: khi (ca) f Chinese: Mandarin: 西 (zh) (xī), 喜 (zh) (xǐ), 凱 / 凯 (zh) (kǎi) Czech: chí Dutch: chi (nl) m or f Esperanto: ĥio (eo) Finnish: khii (fi) French: chi (fr) m, khi (fr) German: Chi (de) n Greek: χι (el) n (chi) Ancient Greek: χεῖ n (kheî) Hebrew: כִי (he) f (chi) Hungarian: khi (hu) Interlingua: chi Irish: chí f Japanese: キー (ja) (kī), カイ (ja) (kai), ヒ (ja) (hi) Korean: 키 (ko) (ki) Macedonian: хи (hi) Malay: khi Persian: خی (fa) (xi) Polish: chi (pl) n Portuguese: qui (pt) m Russian: хи (ru) n (xi) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: хи Latin: hi (sh) Slovak: chí n Spanish: ji (es) f Thai: ไค (th) (kai) Ukrainian: хі n (xi)

See also

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• (Greek-script letter names) alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, eta, theta, iota, kappa, lambda, mu, nu, xi, omicron, pi, rho, sigma, tau, upsilon, phi, chi, psi, omega

Etymology 2

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English Wikipedia has an article on:chi (force)Wikipedia

From the Mandarin 氣／气 (qì) from the Wade–Giles romanization: chʻi⁴, from Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH), from Old Chinese 氣 (OC *kʰɯds, “breath, vapor”). Compare modern Japanese 気(き) (ki), Korean 기(氣) (gi) and Vietnamese khí (氣).

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /t͡ʃiː/
• enPR: chē

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

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chi (usually uncountable, plural chis)

1. (philosophy, mysticism) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation.
   • [1987, “ch'i”, in Encyclopedia Britannica‎[2], 15th edition, volume 3, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 186, column 3:Early Taoist philosophers and alchemists regarded ch'i as a vital force inhering in the breath and bodily fluids and developed techniques to alter and control the movement of ch'i within the body; their aim was to achieve physical longevity and spiritual power.]
   • 2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, Viking Press, page 196:He took several deep breaths, finding his chi as Butler had taught him.
   • 2013 April 2, David Tanis, “Hurry Up, Spring”, in The New York Times‎[3], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 02 April 2013, Dining & Wine‎[4]:At the greenmarket, it’s still mostly potatoes and apples. There are no tender greens, fava beans, peas, asparagus, artichokes, sorrel, rhubarb or early strawberries.Those harbingers of the season are said to be full of chi, or qi, the Chinese word for life force. We’re craving them as we’re craving lighter, brighter-tasting meals, food that is greener and fresher.
   • 2017 January 8, Leslie Hsu Oh, “I tried the Chinese practice of ‘sitting the month’ after childbirth”, in The Washington Post‎[5], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 08 January 2017, Health & Science‎[6]:According to traditional Chinese medicine, blood carries chi, your “life force,” which fuels all the functions of the body. When you lose blood, you lose chi, and this causes your body to go into a state of yin (cold). When yin (cold) and yang (hot) are out of balance, your body will suffer physical disorders.

Alternative forms

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• ch'i, ki
• qi (Hanyu Pinyin)

Related terms

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• chi kung

Translations

[edit] the fundamental life-force or energy

Arabic: تْشِي m (tšī), كِي (ar) m (kī) Chinese: Cantonese: 氣 / 气 (hei3) Dungan: чи (či) Eastern Min: 氣 / 气 (ké) Hakka: 氣 / 气 (hi) Hokkien: 氣 / 气 (zh-min-nan) (khì, khùi) Mandarin: 氣 / 气 (zh) (qì) Wu: 氣i / 气i Esperanto: ĉjio Finnish: ki (fi) French: qi (fr) m German: Qi (de) n, Ch'i n, Ki (de) n Hebrew: צ׳י (chi) Hungarian: csi Indonesian: qi (id) Japanese: 気 (ja) (き, ki) Korean: 기(氣) (ko) (gi) Macedonian: чи n (či) Persian: چی (fa) (či) Polish: chi (pl) n Portuguese: qi (pt) m, chi (pt) m Russian: ци (ru) n (ci), чи (ru) n (či), ки (ru) n (ki) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: чи n Latin: či n Swedish: qi (sv) Turkish: çi (tr), ki (tr) Vietnamese: khí (vi) (氣 (vi))

See also

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• ether
• huna
• life force
• orgone
• prana
• qigong

Etymology 3

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English Wikipedia has an article on:chi (unit)Wikipedia

From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 尺 (chǐ). Doublet of chek.

Alternative forms

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• chih, ch'ih

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /t͡ʃə/
• enPR: chœ

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

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chi (usually uncountable, plural chis)

1. The Chinese foot, a traditional Chinese unit of length based on the human forearm.
2. (Mainland China) The Chinese unit of length standardized in 1984 as 1/3 of a meter.
3. (Taiwan) The Taiwanese unit of length standardized as 10/33 of a meter, identical to the Japanese shaku.
4. (Hong Kong) The chek or Hong Kong foot, a unit of length standardized as 0.371475 meters.

Synonyms

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• (traditional, mainland): Chinese foot
• (Taiwan): Taiwanese foot
• (Hong Kong): Hong Kong foot, chek

Related terms

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• shaku, the equivalent Japanese unit

Etymology 4

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Noun

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chi (plural chis)

1. Clipping of chihuahua.

See also

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• chi chi
• chi-chi
• chi chi man
• chi-ike
• chi ko pek
• tai chi
• tai-chi
• tai chi chuan

Anagrams

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• CIH, HCI, ICH, IHC, Ich, hic, ich

Atsahuaca

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Noun

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chi

1. fire

Cornish

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Alternative forms

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• chy (Standard Cornish)
• chei (Revived Late Cornish)

Etymology

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From Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *tegos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-. Cognate with Breton ti, Irish teach, Manx thie, çhagh, Scottish Gaelic taigh, and Welsh tŷ.

Pronunciation

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• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [tʃiː]

Noun

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chi m (plural chiow)

1. house

Derived terms

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• abatti (“abbey”)
• arbrovji (“laboratory”)
• arghanti (“bank”)
• asklotti (“chip shop”)
• batti (“mint”)
• bosti (“restaurant”)
• bowji (“cowshed”)
• bragji (“brewery”)
• chanjya chi (“move house”, verb)
• Chi an Arydhi (“House of Lords”)
• Chi an Gemmynyon (“House of Commons”)
• chi dolli (“doll house”)
• chi golyow (“holiday house”)
• chi gweder (“greenhouse”)
• chi gwedhen (“tree house”)
• chi gwynn (“burning house”)
• chi tiek (“farmhouse”)
• chi unnik (“detached house”)
• chi unnleur (“bungalow”)
• chi-ladha (“butchery, slaughterhouse, abattoir”)
• chilader, chiladores (“burglar”)
• chiladrans (“burglary”)
• Chiow an Senedh (“Houses of Parliament”)
• diwotti (“pub, tavern”)
• dyji (“small cottage”)
• folji (“mental hospital”)
• gevelji (“semi-detached house”)
• golghti (“laundry”)
• golowji (“lighthouse”)
• greunji (“granary, grange”)
• gwaraji (“warehouse”)
• gwariji (“theatre”)
• gwerthji (“shop”)
• gwesti (“guesthouse”)
• gwiskti (“wardrobe”)
• gwithti (“museum”)
• gwrys y'n chi (“homemade”)
• horji (“brothel”)
• hwelji (“workshop”)
• jynnji (“engine house”)
• kanatti (“embassy”)
• karrji (“garage”)
• keunji (“kennel”)
• kigti (“butcher's shop”)
• klavji (“hospital”)
• kleghti (“belfry”)
• koffiji (“café”)
• kolji (“college”)
• koskti (“dormitory”)
• krowji (“cottage, cabin”)
• latti (“abattoir”)
• lenji (“nunnery”)
• leti (“dairy (farm)”)
• leughti (“calf-house”)
• lyverji (“bookshop”)
• managhti (“monastery”)
• manerji (“manor house”)
• marghti (“stable”)
• melinji (“millhouse”)
• meneghiji (“place of asylum/refuge, sanctuary”)
• merji (“home of the mayor”)
• ordenor chi (“housekeeper”)
• pennti (“cottage”)
• popti (“bakery”)
• porthorji (“gatehouse”)
• pronterji (“vicarage”)
• pusketti (“aquarium”)
• rannji (“flat, apartment”)
• ska'ti, skathti (“boathouse”)
• skolji (“school house”)
• souderji (“barracks”)
• spisti (“grocery shop”)
• sterji (“planetarium”)
• yerji (“henhouse”)

Adverb

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yn chi

1. at home

Mutation

[edit] Mutation of chi

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
chi	ji	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî).

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /xi/

• Audio; [χij]:

  (file)

Noun

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chi m or f (plural chi's, diminutive chi'tje n)

1. chi (letter of the Greek alphabet)

Further reading

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• chi on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia nl

Esperanto

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Particle

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chi

1. H-system spelling of ĉi

Garo

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Alternative forms

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• চি

Etymology

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From Proto-Bodo-Garo *tɯi¹ (“water”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-turʔ (“water; fluid; liquid; river; to soak; to spit”). Cognate with Atong (India) tyi (“water”), Kokborok twi (“water”).

Noun

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chi

1. water

Derived terms

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• chibatram
• chibima
• chibol
• chidari
• chidek
• chiga
• chiganduri
• chigitok
• chijima
• chiklok
• chimik
• chipek
• chirama
• chiret
• chiriking
• chiring
• chisam
• chisikwilwilgipa
• chitingkilok
• kramchi
• mikchi

References

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• The Bodos in Assam: a socio-cultural study, year 2005-2006 (2007)

Guerrero Amuzgo

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Noun

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chi

1. grandfather

Adverb

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chi

1. not

Ibaloi

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Article

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chi

1. (Kabayan) dialectal form of shi

Italian

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Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ki/*

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: chi

Etymology 1

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From Latin quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís, *kʷos.

Pronoun

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chi m or f (invariable) (interrogative pronoun)

1. who, whom; whoever Chi viene qui? ― Who goes there? Con chi vengono? ― Who are they coming with? Chi stiamo ascoltando? ― Who(m) are we hearing?

Etymology 2

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From Latin quī, from Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi.

Pronoun

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chi m sg or f sg by sense (fused relative, indefinite)

1. he/she/they who, those who, the ones who; (archaic) whom La mamma bacia chi è bravo/a ― Mom kisses those who are brave. Amo solo chi mi ama ― I only love the ones who love me. Chi si scusa s'accusa. ― He who apologizes assumes his blame.
2. (absolute) whoever, who Vènga chi può. ― Come who can. Chi lo dicesse mentirebbe. ― Whoever said that would be lying.
3. (when repeated) some, ... others, etc. Chi leggeva, chi chiacchierava, chi disegnava. ― Some would read, some were chatting, others drawing.
4. (with a subjunctive) Chi mi domandasse ciò, non risponderei. ― If one were to ask me that, I would not answer. Cerco chi mi dia un buon consiglio. ― I am looking for someone who'd give a good advice.

Usage notes

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• chi is a fused relative pronoun, meaning that its antecedents are comprised within its own meaning, it may either appear as a direct object or as a stand-alone subject. When expressing simple relativity, che or cui are used instead: "L'uomo che ti ha visto." not "L'uomo chi ti ha visto.".
• This pronoun may only refer to animates in the singular, it can be replaced by either colui che or quello che, which also have a plural.
• As an indefinite, chi will often be translated with a plural in English: "Vènga chi può", "Come who can" or "May those who can come, come".

See also

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• che
• cui
• il quale

Etymology 3

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:chiWikipedia it

Borrowed from Latin chī, from Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî).

Noun

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chi m or f (invariable)

1. chi (Greek letter)

Further reading

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chi in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Japanese

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Romanization

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chi

1. The hiragana syllable ち (chi) or the katakana syllable チ (chi) in Hepburn romanization.

K'iche'

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Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /t͡ʃʰiː/

Conjunction

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chi

1. and
2. that
3. in

Related terms

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• are chi (“in order that”)
• chi chawal (“in secret”)
• chi ikʼ (“monthly”)
• chi jumul (“once again”)
• chi nojimal (“slowly; little by little”)
• chi saqil (“in the open; openly”)
• libaj chi (“early”)
• rajwaxik chi (“to be necessary to”)
• taqom chi kaj (“commanded from heaven; sent from heaven”)
• -umal chi (“because”)
• wuqoj chi paq (“bubble”)
• wuqüb chi wuqub (“7x7”)

References

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• Christenson, Allen J. (2003), Kʼicheʼ-English dictionary and Guide to the pronunciation of the Kʼicheʼ-Maya alphabet‎[7], Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, →OCLC

Kokborok

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Numeral

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chi

1. ten

References

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• Binoy Debbarma, Concise Kokborok-English-Bengali Dictionary (2001)

Ladin

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Etymology

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From Latin quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís. Cognates include French qui and Italian chi.

Pronoun

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chi

1. who, whoever

Lombard

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Etymology

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Akin to Italian chi, from Latin quis.

Pronoun

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chi

1. who

Mandarin

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Romanization

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chi

1. nonstandard spelling of chī
2. nonstandard spelling of chí
3. nonstandard spelling of chǐ
4. nonstandard spelling of chì

Usage notes

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• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Norman

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Pronunciation

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• Audio (Jersey):

  (file)

Adjective

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chi m

1. alternative form of chièr

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:chiWikipedia pl

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ˈxi/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: chi

Etymology 1

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Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

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chi

1. he (expression of laughter)

Etymology 2

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Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χεῖ (kheî).

Noun

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chi n (indeclinable)

1. chi (Greek letter Χ, χ)

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Mandarin 氣／气 (qì), from Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH), from Old Chinese 氣 (OC *kʰɯds).

Noun

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chi n (indeclinable)

1. (philosophy, mysticism) chi (fundamental life-force or energy)

Further reading

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• chi in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• chi in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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• (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʃi/

 

• (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈʃi/

• (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈʃi/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃi/

Noun

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chi m (plural chis)

1. (Portugal, colloquial) bear hug (any especially large, tight or enthusiastic hug) Synonym: chi-coração

Noun

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chi m (plural chis)

1. alternative form of qi

Further reading

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• “chi”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “chi”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Sardinian

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Etymology

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From Latin quid, from Proto-Italic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ki/

Conjunction

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chi

1. (Limba Sarda Comuna) that

Pronoun

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chi

1. (relative, Limba Sarda Comuna) who, whom, which (nominative and accusative case)

Sassarese

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Etymology

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From a conflation of Latin quia, quod, and other conjunctions.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ki/

Conjunction

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chi

1. that Li me' amigghi dìzini chi soggu simpàtigguMy friends say that I'm nice
2. than Mégliu figlioru di la bonasorthi chi figlioru di reBetter [to be] son of good luck than son of a king

Derived terms

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• daghì

Related terms

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• che

Pronoun

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chi

1. (relative) who, whom, which Lu giràniu, chi ha curori dibessi, dura umbè di tempu fioridduGeraniums, which have various colors, stay in blossom for a long time(literally, “The geranium, which has different colors, lasts a lot of time in blossom”)

Adjective

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chi (invariable)

1. Used in exclamations to indicate something remarkable; some, what a Chi festha! ― What a party!

References

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• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Spanish

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Etymology

[edit]

From sí.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃi/ [ˈt͡ʃi]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: chi

Particle

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chi

1. (childish) synonym of sí (yes) Antonym: ño

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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• (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [t͡ɕi˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɪj˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA(key): [cɪj˧˧]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

Etymology 1

[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支 (“branch; to spend”).

Noun

[edit]

chi

1. (taxonomy) genus Synonym: giống

Derived terms

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• chi bộ
• chi cục
• chi đoàn
• chi đội
• chi hội
• chi nhánh
• chi uỷ

Related terms

[edit] taxonomic ranksedit

• vực, liên giới
• giới
• ngành
• lớp
• bộ
• họ
• chi, giống
• loài

Verb

[edit]

chi

1. to spend (money); to pay out; to disburse

Derived terms

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• bội chi
• chi dùng
• chi phí
• chi tiêu
• chi trả
• dự chi
• tạm chi
• thu chi

Etymology 2

[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 肢.

Noun

[edit]

chi

1. (formal, anatomy, chiefly zoology) a limb

Usage notes

[edit]

In everyday speech, limbs collectively are referred to as tay chân or chân tay, but there is no word for an individual limb, apart from the more specific tay (“arm”) and chân (“leg”).

Derived terms

[edit]

• chi sau
• chi trước
• tứ chi

Etymology 3

[edit]

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Is the meaning "what for" used in the Central dialects actually? Maybe it's a Southern semantic innovation due to competition with gì (which is not weird at all in Vietnamese, cf. đỏ (“red”) vs. hồng (“pink”)).”

From Proto-Vietic *ciː (“what”). Cognate with gì (the form affected by lenition) and Muong Bi chi.

Pronoun

[edit]

chi • (之)

1. (Central Vietnam, literary elsewhere) what; whatever Synonym: gì Mi mần chi rứa?What are you doing over there?
   • (Can we date this quote?), “Tình đến rồi đi [Love Comes and Goes]”, performed by Thu Thủy:Cuộc tình đến rồi đi. Buồn làm chi nhung nhớ làm gì.Love comes and goes. Why be sad? Why be tormented by it?

Derived terms

[edit]

• can chi
• chi bằng
• chi mô
• chưa chi
• hèn chi
• hề chi
• huống chi
• không có chi
• phải chi
• phương chi

Adverb

[edit]

chi • (之)

1. (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) what for Chi?For what? Làm vậy chi?What did you do that for?

Welsh

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

• IPA(key): /χiː/
• Rhymes: -iː
• Homophone: ’chi

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Welsh chwi, from Proto-Celtic *swīs (compare Breton c’hwi, Cornish hwi, Old Irish síi), from Proto-Indo-European *wos.

Alternative forms

[edit]

• chwi (literary)

Pronoun

[edit]

chi

1. you (plural; polite)

Usage notes

[edit]

• In the singular, chi is a polite form like French vous or German Sie.
• Chi is a feature of most registers of Modern Welsh, whereas very literary Welsh employs chwi.
• In certain southwestern dialects, chi is used as the indefinite personal pronoun like English you.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

chi m

1. aspirated form of ci

Mutation

[edit] Mutated forms of ci

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ci	gi	nghi	chi

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yola

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle English chaye.

Pronunciation

[edit]

• IPA(key): /t͡ʃai̯/ (spelled chy)[1]

Noun

[edit]

chi

1. A small quantity.[2] Synonym: smaddereen
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:A chi of barach.A little barley.

References

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1. ^ Diarmaid Ó Muirithe (1990), “A Modern Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy”, in lrish University Review‎[1], volume 20, number 1, Edinburgh University Press, page 155
2. ^ Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 30

Zou

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzəy. Cognates include Burmese အစေ့ (a.ce.).

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ci˧/

Noun

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chi

1. seed

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tsji.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ci˧˩/

Noun

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chi

1. salt

References

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• Chungkham Yashawanta Singh; Lukram Himmat (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 44