CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ - 123doc

Nội cụm động từ Intransitive phrasal verbs Là những cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ theo sau Dưới đây là một số các nội cụm động từ thường gặp VERB MEAN break down hỏng, That old Jeep ha

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13 CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERBS)

* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT

A/ PHRASAL VERB (CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ) là gì?

- Phrasal verb (cụm động từ) là sự kết hợp của động từ và giới từ hoặc trạng từ (được gọi chung là tiểu từ - particle)

Eg: V+ prep: look for, look like

V+ adv: get away, take off

V+ adv+ prep: catch up with

B/ PHÂN LOẠI

1 Nội cụm động từ (Intransitive phrasal verbs)

Là những cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ theo sau

Dưới đây là một số các nội cụm động từ thường gặp

VERB

MEAN

break

down hỏng,

That old Jeep had a tendency

to break down just when I needed it the most

catch

on

phổ

biến,

thịnh

hành

Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and then spread eastward

come

back trở về, trở lại Father promised that we would never come back to this horrible pl

come

ince vào, bước

vào

They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked

come to hồi tỉnh

He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started

to come to again

come

over

đến

thăm

The children promised to come over,

drop

byut

they

never

ghẫ

thăm We used to just drop by, but they were never home, so we stopped

doing that

Verbs + Particle +

Object

(inseparable Phr

Verbs + Particle + Object

Verbs + + particle +

Noun

(on, off, up, down, in, out,

Transitive

Intransitiv

PHRASAL

VERBS

Noun

do

eat out ăn nhà hàn

When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes

get by

xoay sở

(tài

chính)

Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always seemed to get

by without borrowing money from relatives

get up

dậy, trở

dậy

Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her own

go back quay về

It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Lithuania

go on

continu

e

He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next

go on

(2) happen The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what wasgoing on

grow

up

trưởng

thành,

lớn lên

Charles grew up to be a lot like his fathe

keep

away remain at a

distance

The judge warned the stalker

to keep away from his victim's home

keep on

(with

gerun

)

c

n inue with the same

He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined

pass

out

ngất,

bất tỉnh

He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk outside the bar

show

off

demonst

rate

haughtil

y Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he was going to show off

show

up arrive Day after day, Efrain showed up forclass twenty minutes late

wake

up

tỉnh

giấc I woke up

hen the rooster crowed

2 Ngoại cụm động từ (Transitive phrasal verbs)

Ngoại cụm động từ là những cụm động từ cần có tân ngữ theo sau

E g 1 We are looking for my key

2 Remember to turn the lights off when going out

2.1 Ngoại cụm động từ có thể tách (Separable phrasal verbs)

Là những cụm động từ mà tân ngữ của nó có thể theo sau hoặc tách cụm từ đó ra thành 2 phần.

E g You have to do this paint job over

You have to do over this paint job

Nhưng khi tân ngữ của cụm động từ đó là đại từ thì cụm động từ đó thường phải được tách ra làm 2

E g You have to do it over

blow up explode The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station

bring up mention a topic

My mother brought up that little matter of my prison record again

bring up nuôi dưỡng It isn't easy to bring up children nowadays

call off cancel They called off this afternoon's meeting

do over làm lại, ôn lại Do this homework over

fill out complete a form Fill out this application form and mail it in

fill up

lấp đầy, điền đầy She filled up the grocery cart with free food

find out

phát hiện, khám phá ra

My sister found out that her husband had been planning a surprise party for her

give away cho, phân phát The filling station was giving away free gas

give back trả lại

My brother borrowed my car I have a feeling he's not about

to give it back

hand in nộp, đệ trình The students handed in their papers and left the room

hang up gác, treo, móc She hung up the phone before she hung up her clothes

hold up delay I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the bathroom hold up (2) rob Three masked gunmen held up the Security Bank this afternoon leave out omit You left out the part about the police chase down Asylum Avenue look over examine, check

The lawyers looked over the papers carefully before questioning the witness (They looked them overcarefully.) look up search in a list You've misspelled this word again You'd better look itup make up

invent a story or lie

She knew she was in trouble, so she made up a story about going to the movies with her friends

make out bịa (chuyện)

He was so far away, we really couldn't make out what he was saying

pick out nhặt ra, chọn ra

There were three men in the line-up She picked out the guy she thought had stolen her purse

pick up hái, lượm The crane picked up the entire house (Watch them pick itup.) point out call attention to

As we drove through Paris, Francoise pointed out the major historical sites

put away save or store

We put away money for our retirement She put away the cereal boxes

We asked the boss to put off the meeting until tomorrow (Please put it off for another day.)

put on mặc (quần áo), đội, đeo, … I put on a sweater and a jacket (I put them on quickly.)

The firefighters put out the house fire before it could spread (They put it out quickly.)

read over đọc lướt I read over the homework, but couldn't make any sense of it set up arrange, begin My wife set up the living room exactly the way she wanted it She set it up take down

make a written note

These are your instructions Write them down before you forget

take off remove clothing It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt

talk over discuss We have serious problems here Let's talk them over like adults throw away discard That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away

try on thử đồ She tried on fifteen dresses before she found one she liked

try out thử nghiệm I tried out four cars before I could find one that pleased me

turn down lower volume Your radio is driving me crazy! Please turn it down

turn down (2) reject

He applied for a promotion twice this year, but he wasturned down both times

turn up

raise the volume Grandpa couldn't hear, so he turned up his hearing aid

turn off

switch off electricity We turned off the lights before anyone could see us

turn off (2) repulse It was a disgusting movie It really turned me off

turn on

switch on the electricity Turn on the CD player so we can dance

use up exhaust, use completely The gang members used up all the money and went out to rob some more banks

2.2 Ngoại cụm động từ không thể tách (Separable phrasal verbs)

Là những cụm động từ có phần tiểu từ không thể tách ra khỏi động từ gốc vì nó chứa nghĩa của cụm động từ đó (verb-meaning)

call on

ask to recite in class The teacher called on students in the back row

call on (2) visit The old minister continued to call on his sick parishioners get over

bình phục, khỏi (bệnh)

I got over the flu, but I don't know if I'll ever get over my broken heart

The students went over the material before the exam They

should have gone over it twice

go through use up; consume They country went through most of its coal reserves in one year Did he go through all his money already? look after take care of My mother promised to look after my dog while I was gone look into investigate The police will look into the possibilities of embezzlement run across tình cờ gặp I ran across my old roommate at the college reunion

run into meet Carlos ran into his English professor in the hallway

take after resemble My second son seems to take after his mother

wait on serve It seemed strange to see my old boss wait on tables

break in on

interrupt (a conversation)

I was talking to Mom on the phone when the operator broke in

on our call

catch up with bắt kịp

After our month-long trip, it was time to catch up with the neighbors and the news around town

check up on

examine, investigate

The boys promised to check up on the condition of the summer house from time to time

come up with

Đóng góp (suggestion, money) Nghĩ ra

After years of giving nothing, the old parishioner was able

to come up with a thousand-dollar donation

We’ve come up with how to deal with the problem cut down on cắt giảm

We tried to cut down on the money we were spending on entertainment

drop out of leave school I hope none of my students drop out of school this semester

get along with

have a good relationship with

I found it very hard to get along with my brother when we were young

get away with trốn tội Janik cheated on the exam and then tried to get away with it get rid of eliminate

The citizens tried to get rid of their corrupt mayor in the recent election

get through

with finish When will you ever get through with that program?

keep up with theo kịp It's hard to keep up with the Joneses when you lose your job! look forward to

anticipate with pleasure I always look forward to the beginning of a new semester look down on khinh thường

It's typical of a jingoistic country that the citizens look down

on their geographical neighbors

look in on visit (somebody) We were going to look in on my brother-in-law, but he wasn't home look out for be careful, anticipate Good instructors will look out for early signs of failure in theirstudents look up to respect First-graders really look up to their teachers

make sure of verify

Make sure of the student's identity before you let him into the classroom

put up with tolerate The teacher had to put up with a great deal of nonsense from the new students run out of dùng hết The runners ran out of energy before the end of the race take care of

be responsible for

My oldest sister took care of us younger children after Mom died

talk back to answer impolitely The star player talked back to the coach and was thrown off the team think back on recall I often think back on my childhood with great pleasure walk out on abandon Her husband walked out on her and their three children

CÁC CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERB) THƯỜNG GẶP

(trong chương trình SGK phổ thông)

1 account for: giải thích, kể đến

2 ask for: đòi hỏi

3 break down = fail, collapse: hỏng, suy sụp

4 break out = start suddenly: bùng nổ, bùng phát

5 bring up = raise and educate: nuôi nấng

6 bring about = cause sth to happen: xảy ra, mang lại

7 catch up / catch up with: bắt kịp, theo kịp

8 call off: hủy bỏ

9 call on = visit: viếng thăm

10 call up: gọi điện

11 carry on: tiến hành

12 carry out: tiến hành

13 catch up with: theo kịp với

14 come along: tiến hành

15 come on= begin: bắt đầu

16 come out = appear: xuất hiện

17 come about = become lower: giảm xuống, sa sút

18 come over = visit: ghẫ thăm

19 come up with: think of: Nghĩ ra

20 cool off: (nhiệt tình) nguội lạnh đi, giảm đi

21 count on = investigate, examinate: tính, dựa vào

22 differ from = not be the same: không giống với

23 fall behind: thụt lùi, tụt lại đằng sau

24 fill in: điền vào, ghi vào

25 fill out = discover: khám phá ra

26 get over = recover from: vượt qua, khắc phục

27 get up: thức dậy

28 get along / get on with sth: have a good relationship with sb: hòa thuận

29 give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua

30 give up = stop: từ bỏ, bỏ

31 go after: theo đuổi

32 go by (thời gian: trôi qua

33 go after = chase, pursue: theo đuổi, rượt đuổi

34 go ahead = be carried out: được diễn ra, tiến hành

35 go along = develop, progress: tiến bộ

36 go away: biến mất, tan đi

37 go back = return: trở lại

38 go in: vào, đi vào

39 go off (chuông): reo, (súng, bom): nổ, (sữa): chua, hỏng, (thức ăn), (đèn) tắt, (máy móc): hư

40 go on = continue: tiếp tục

41 go over: xem lại

42 go out (ánh sáng, lửa, đèn): tắt

43 go up: lớn lên, trưởng thành = grow up, (giá cả): tăng lên

44 go down: (giá cả): giảm xuống

45 hold up = stop =delay: hoãn lại, ngừng

46 hurry up: làm gấp

47 keep on = continue: tiếp tục

48 keep up with: theo kịp, bắt kịp

49 lay down: đề ra

50 let down: khiến ai thất vọng

51 lie down: nằm nghỉ

52 jot down = make a quick note of something: ghi nhanh

53 look after: chăm sóc

54 look at: nhìn

55 look down on sb = coi thường

56 look up to sb = respect: kính trọng

57 look up: tìm, tra cứu (trong sách, từ điển)

58 look for: tìm kiếm

59 make out = understand: hiểu

60 make up = invent, put sth together: phát minh, trộn

61 pass away = die: chết

62 put on: mặc (quần áo), mang (giày), đội (mũ), mở (đèn)

63 put out = make st stop burning, produce: dập tắt, sản xuất

64 put off = postpone: hoãn lại

65 put up = build: xây dựng

66 result in = lead to = cause: gây ra

67 speak up: nói to, nói thẳng

68 set off = begin: khỏi hành

69 set up = establish: thành lập

70 set out/ set off: khởi hành

71 stand by: ủng hộ

72 stand for: là viết tắt của…

73 take after = resemble: giống

74 take off: cởi (quần áo, giày, mũ); (máy bay) cất cánh

75 take over = take responsible for st /V-ing:đảm nhận trách nhiệm

76 take up = start doing: bắt đầu tham gia

77 try out: thử

78 try on: mặc thử (quần áo)

79 turn down: gạt bỏ, bác bỏ

80 turn off: khóa, tắt (đèn, máy móc, động cơ …)

81 turn on: mở (đèn, máy móc, động cơ …)

82 turn round: quay lại, thay đổi hướng

83 turn up: đến = arrive = appear (xuất hiện)

84 wait up (for): thức đợi ai

85 wash away: cuốn trôi đi, quét sạch

86 wash up: rửa bát đĩa

87 watch out: đề phòng, chú ý

88 wipe out = remove, destroy completely: xóa bỏ, phá hủy

* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG

1 What may happen if John will not arrive in time?

A go along B count on C keep away D turn up

2 Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside

A calls on B keeps off C takes in D goes up

3 They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic

A take up B turn round C put off D do with

4 The stranger came ……… me and asked, "Is there a post office near here?"

5 Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take ………… you at all

6 She is not really friendly She does not get on well her classmates

7 I would be grateful if you kept the news ……… yourself Do not tell anyone about it

8 I do not use those things any more You can ………… them away

9 They were late for work because their car ………… down

10 The authority ………… down that building to build a supermarket

11 I didn't get to see the end of that movie on TV last night How did it ………… out?

12 I’m not surprised Margaret's ill With all the voluntary work she's _ , she’s really been doing too much

A taken off B taken on C taken in D taken to

13 At present we are an anti-drug campaign

A setting up for B carrying out C taking part D joining with

14 At the station, we often see the sigh “………… for pickpockets”

A Watch on B Watch out C Watch up D Watch at

15 Let’s wait here for her; I’m sure she’ll ………

A turn down B turn off C turn over D turn up

16 UNESCO………… United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

A stands for B brings about C takes after D gets across

17 Don't forget to ……… your gloves on It is cold outside

18 The passengers had to wait because the plane………off one hour late

19 Be careful ! The tree is going to fall

A Look out B Look up C Look on D Look after

20 The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt

21 These shoes felt too tight, so I took………and tried a larger size

A away them B off them C them away D them off

22 My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother

A went over B got over C took over D looked over

23 I can’t ……… walking Can we stop and have a short rest?

A go on B get on C go up D get up

24 When you are finished using the computer, can you please ………… it off

25 When the alarm went off, everyone proceeded calmly to the emergency exits

26 Look out There is a rattlesnake under the picnic table!

27 Mrs Jones's husband passed away fast Friday We’re all shocked by the news

A got married B divorced C died D were on business

28 If you want to be healthy you should ………… your bad habits in your lifestyles

A give up B call off C break down D get over

29 Watch ………… ! a car is coming

30 Try to study harder to catch ……… your classmates

31 Don’t be impatient! I ‘m sure he will turn …………on time

33 Go _ this book because it has the information you need

34 My husband spends far more time helping our three kids homework and studying for tests than I do

35 My husband and I take turns cleaning the kitchen depending who gets home from work earlier

36 The efforts for the advancement of women have resulted several respectively achievement

in women's life and work

37 The small white flowers are my favorite They give off a wonderful honey smell that scents the entire

garden

38 I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent

39 I'm sorry I didn't mean to interrupt you Please, go on and finish what you were saying

40 The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it

41 What does "www" for? Is it short for “world wide web?”

42 If you do not understand the word "superstitious," look it up in the dictionary

A find its meaning B write it C draw it D note it

44 The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it

45 Not all women can do two jobs well at the same time: rearing children and working at office

A educating B taking care of C homemaking D giving a birth

46 The driver skidded and … a dog

A ran B ran into C ran after D ran over

47 Aren’t you going to …the dress…before you buy it?

A try/ X B try/ up C try/ on D try /in

48 I’m sorry, sir But you’ve already worn this dress That’s why we can’t…it…

A take/ back B take /after C take/ in D take/ again

49 Are you telling the truth? Or are you ………… the story

A making B making up C making for D doing

50 It took women a long time to struggle the right to vote

A for B with C against D upon

51 Women are increasingly involved the public life

52 Although the team was both mentally and physically exhausted, they on walking

53 If you don't pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you out!

A lend you some money B play football with you

54 Everything is _ you I cannot make _ my mind yet

A out off / on B up to / up C away from / for D on for / off

55 There is no food left Someone must have eaten it _

56 The explorers made a fire to _ off wild animals

57 If something urgent has _ up, phone me immediately and I will help you

58 The organization was established in 950 in the USA

59 Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties and responsibilities

of a national relief society

60 It took me a very long time to recover from the shock of her death

61 He did not particularly want to play any competitive sport

62 I am tired because I went to bed late last night

63 If I get this report finished I will knock _ early and go to the pub for some drink

64 Boy! _ away all your toys and go to bed right now

65 I have been trying to ring him up all day and I could not through

66 The water supply of the building was off because the pipes burst

67 Did your son pass the university entrance examination?

68 Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take _ you at all

69 I would be grateful if you kept the news _ yourself Do not tell anyone about it

70 My husband spends far more time helping our three kids _ homework and studying for tests than

I do

71 My husband and I take turns cleaning _ the kitchen depending who gets home from work earlier

A away / to B from / in C up / on D with / for

72 The efforts for the advancement of women have resulted _ several respectively achievement in women's life

and work

73 I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent

51 The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it

A blowing B watering C preventing D watching

74 I cannot believe Peter and Mary up last week They have been married for almost fifteen years I hope

they get back together

75 It took us over twelve hours to hike over the mountain By the time we got back to our campsite, I was completely out

76 The meeting didn’t ……… until late

77 The hotel didn’t ……… my expectations

A come up to B add up to C get up to D come down to

78 You should always have an alternative plan to ………

A bring about B ask after C feel up to D fall back on

79 When I took I got over the business, I got more than I ………

A ask after B bargained for C drew up D came in for

80 At first Tim insisted he was right, but then began to …………