Cuoi Language - Wikipedia

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• 1 Phonology Toggle Phonology subsection
  • 1.1 Làng Lỡ dialect
    • 1.1.1 Consonants
    • 1.1.2 Vowels
    • 1.1.3 Tones
• 2 Vocabulary
• 3 References
• 4 Further reading

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Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Cuoi language) Austroasiatic language spoken in Southeast Asia "Tho (Vietnam)" redirects here. For other languages in Vietnam named Thổ, see Tho language.

This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used. See why. (June 2021)

Cuói
Thổ
Native to	Vietnam, Laos
Ethnicity	Thổ
Native speakers	(71,000 cited 1999 census)[1]
Language family	Austroasiatic Vietic Cuói
Dialects	Cuối Chăm Làng Lỡ
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:tou – Thohnu – Hung
Glottolog	cuoi1242
Linguasphere	46-EAD-a

Cuối, known as Thổ,[2] is a dialect cluster spoken by around 70,000 Thổ people in Vietnam and a couple thousand in Laos, mainly in the provinces of Bolikhamsai and Khammouane.

Phonology

[edit]

Làng Lỡ dialect

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]

The consonant inventory of the Làng Lỡ dialect, as cited by Michel Ferlus:[3]

Initial consonants of Cuối Làng Lỡ

Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	tenuis	p	t	ʈ	c	k	ʔ
	glottalized	ɓ	ɗ	ˀɟ
	aspirated	tʰ	kʰ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ʂ	h
	voiced	β	v	ð	ɣ
	glottalized	ˀð
Approximant		l	ɽ ~ ʐ	j

• [ʈ] is found in Vietnamese loanwords with initial /ʈ/ (orthographic ⟨tr⟩)
• [βðɣˀð] originate in the borrowing of segments from a variety of Vietnamese that existed several centuries ago.

Vowels

[edit] Monothongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ

Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Close-mid/Mid	e	ə	o
Open-mid/Open	ɛ	ʌ̆ ă a	ɔ

Diphthongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ	iə	ɨə	uə	eə	oə

Tones

[edit]

There're eight tones in the Làng Lỡ. Tones 1 to 6 are found on sonorant-final syllables (a.k.a. 'live' syllables): syllables ending in a vowel, semi-vowel or nasal. Tones 7 and 8 are found on obstruent-final syllables (a.k.a. 'stopped' syllables), ending in -p -t -c -k.[3] This is a system comparable to that of Vietnamese.

Vocabulary

[edit]

The data is from Cuoi Cham vocabulary recordings and the Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary.

English	Cuối Chăm	Làng Lỡ	North Vietnamese
cloud	mʌl¹	mʌn¹	məj˧˧	mây
rain	mɐː²	mɨə¹	mɨə˧˧	mưa
wind	sɒː³	juə³	zɔ˧˦	gió
thunder	kʰrʌm⁴	ʂəm⁴	səm˧˦	sấm
earth, land	tʌt⁷	tʌt⁷	ʔɗət̚˧˦	đất
cave	haːŋ¹	haːŋ¹	haːŋ˧˧	hang
deep	kʰruː²	ʂuː²	səw˧˧	sâu
water	daːk⁷	daːk⁷	nɨək̚˧˦	nước
river	kʰrɔŋ¹	ʂɔːŋ¹	səwŋ͡m˧˧	sông
puddle	puŋ⁶	-	vʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥]	vũng
mud	puːl²	vuːn²	ʔɓun˨˩	bùn
rock, stone	taː³	δaː³	ʔɗaː˧˦	đá
bark	pɒː⁵	ʂɔː⁵⁶	vɔ˧˩	vỏ
dog	cɒː³	cɔː³	t͡ɕɔ˧˦	chó
cultivated field	rɔːŋ²	ʂɔːŋ²	zuəŋ˧˨ʔ	ruộng
to go	tiː²	tiː²	ʔɗi˧˧	đi
to have	kɒː³	kɔː³	kɔ˧˦	có

References

[edit]

1. ^ Tho at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)Hung at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. ^ "The Vietic Branch". sealang.net.
3. ^ a b Ferlus 2015, I.2

Further reading

[edit]

• Ferlus, Michel (2015). Hypercorrections in the Thổ dialect of Làng Lỡ (Nghệ An, Vietnam): an example of pitfalls for comparative linguistics (Ph.D.).

• Nguyen, Huu Hoanh and Nguyen Van Loi (2019). Tones in the Cuoi Language of Tan Ki District in Nghe An Province, Vietnam. The Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 12.1:lvii-lxvi.

v t e Languages of Laos
Official language	Lao
Indigenouslanguages	Austroasiatic Bahnaric Alak Duan Halang Jeh Jru' Juk Laven Lavi Nyaheun Oi Sapuan Sedang Su' Katuic Bru Brao Katu Kuy Ta'Oi Khmuic Khmu Mlabri Phong-Kniang Palaungic Bit Kiorr Lamet Vietic Arem Chut Cuoi Kri Liha Maleng Nguồn Thavung Vietnamese Austronesian Cham Western Cham Hmong–Mien Hmong Iu Mien Sino-Tibetan Akeu Akha Bantang Cantan Cauho Cosao Hani Luma Phunoi Piyo Sinsali Kra–Dai Khün Northern Thai Phuan Saek Tai Daeng Tai Dam Tai Lue Yoy
Main foreign languages	French English
Sign languages	Laotian sign languages
Laos portal

v t e Languages of Vietnam
Official language	Vietnamese
Indigenouslanguages	Austroasiatic Bahnaric Chrau Cua Duan Halang Hrê Jeh Katua Kayong Koho Maa (Mạ) Monom Rengao Sedang Stieng Takua Tariang Todrah Katuic Bru Katu Pacoh Ta'Oi Khmer Khmer Vietic Chut Arem May Ruc Sach Cuối Maleng Mường Nguồn Other Mảng Quảng Lâm Kháng Austronesian Cham Chru Haroi Jarai Rade Roglai Hmong-Mien Hmong Iu Mien Kim Mun Mo Piu Ná-Meo Sino-Tibetan Akha Chinese (Cantonese · Teochew · Hakka · Hokkien) Hani Xapho Mantsi Lolo Kra-Dai Caolan En Gelao Lachi Laha Nùng Qabiao Padi Tày Sapa Tai Daeng Tai Dam Tai Dón Tai Hang Tong Tai Lü Tày Tày Tac Thu Lao Lao Bóc
Main foreign languages	French English
Other foreign languages	Mandarin Chinese Russian Czech German Korean Japanese
Vietnamese sign languages	Hanoi Sign Language Haiphong Sign Language Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language

v t e Austroasiatic languages
Bahnaric	North Jeh Halang Kayong Kacoʼ Takua Monom Todrah Sedang Bahnar Rengao Hrê Duan Katua West Lavi Jru' Laven Su' Juk Nyaheun Sapuan Oi Brao Central Alak Tariang Tampuan South Chrau Koho Stieng Raʼong Mnong Mel-Khaonh Thmon Others Cua (East)
Katuic	West Kuy Bru Katu Katu Phuong Others Pacoh Ta'Oi
Vietic	Viet-Muong Vietnamese Northern, Thanh Hóa, Huế, Southern [vi] in China [vi] in the US Mường Nguồn Chut Arem Mày Ruc Sach Kri Maleng Kri Thavưng Phong–Liha Phong Liha Others Cuối
Khmuic	Phay-Pram Prai Mal Ksingmul Oʼdu Phong-Kniang Others Khmu Mlabri
Pearic	Pear Western(Chong) Central Central Chong Samre Kasong Southern Suoi Sa'och Others Somray (Northern Chong) Western Chong
Khasi–Palaungic	Khasic Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam Khasi Pnar Lyngngam Maharam Others War Palaungic West Palaung Riang East Angkuic Hu U Man Met Mok Muak Va Waic Blang Lawa Wa Meung Yum Savaiq Bit-Khang Bit Quảng Lâm Kháng Bumang Lamet Lamet Kiorr Others Kuan Danau Tai Loi
Munda	North Korku Kherwarian Mundaric Korwa Asur Birjia Birhor Ho Mundari Koda Majhwar Turi Agariya Santalic Santali Kol South Sora-Gorum Gorum Sora Juray Lodhi Gutob-Remo Bonda Gutob Others Gtaʼ Juang Kharia
Nicobarese	Chaura-Teresa Chaura Teressa Central Nancowry Camorta Katchal Southern Car Southern Nicobarese Shompen
Aslian	Jahaic (Northern) Batek Cheq Wong Jahai Jedek Kensiu Kintaq Minriq Mintil Ten'edn Wila' Senoic (Central) Lanoh Sabüm Semai Semnam Temiar Semelaic (Southern) Mah Meri Semaq Beri Semelai Temoq Others Jah Hut Kenaboi (unclassified; possibly a language isolate)
Others	Khmer Northern Khmer (Surin Khmer) Western Khmer (Chanthaburi Khmer) Khmer Khe Mảng Monic Mon Nyah Kur Pakanic Bolyu Bugan (Pakan)
Proto-languages	Proto-Austroasiatic Proto-Palaungic Proto-Khmeric Proto-Aslian Proto-Munda
Italics indicate extinct languages Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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