Decane - Wikipedia

For other uses, see Dečane (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Decene or Decyne. Alkane hydrocarbon; component of gasoline (petrol) and kerosene Decane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Decane[1]
Other names Decyl hydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	124-18-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	1696981
ChEBI	CHEBI:41808 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL134537 Y
ChemSpider	14840 Y
DrugBank	DB02826 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.262
EC Number	204-686-4
MeSH	decane
PubChem CID	15600
RTECS number	HD6550000
UNII	NK85062OIY Y
UN number	2247
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6024913
InChI InChI=1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 YKey: DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CCCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H22
Molar mass	142.286 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)
Density	0.730 g mL−1
Melting point	−30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K
Boiling point	173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K
log P	5.802
Vapor pressure	195 Pa[2]
Henry's lawconstant (kH)	2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-119.74·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity	0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)[3]
Refractive index (nD)	1.411–1.412
Viscosity	0.850 mPa·s (25 °C)[4] 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	315.46 J K−1 mol−1
Std molarentropy (S⦵298)	425.89 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfH⦵298)	−302.1–−299.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy ofcombustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−6779.21–−6777.45 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Flammable, moderately toxic
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H226, H302, H304, H305
Precautionary statements	P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 2 0
Flash point	46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K)
Autoignitiontemperature	210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K)
Explosive limits	0.8–2.6%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	>2 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit) 601 mg/kg−1 (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Nonane Undecane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.[5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene.[6][7] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.[8]

Reactions

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Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

2 C10H22 + 31 O2 → 20 CO2 + 22 H2O

With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

It can be manufactured in the laboratory without fossil fuels.[9]

Physical properties

[edit]

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1.[10]

See also

[edit]

• Higher alkanes
• List of isomers of decane

References

[edit]

1. ^ "decane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
2. ^ Yaws, Carl L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 159–179. ISBN 0-07-073401-1.
3. ^ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
4. ^ Dymond, J. H.; Oye, H. A. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n-Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41–53. Bibcode:1994JPCRD..23...41D. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ISSN 0047-2689.
5. ^ "75 Isomers of Decane". The Third Millennium Online! (in Latin). Retrieved 26 July 2021.
6. ^ "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
7. ^ "n-Decane (Annotation)". Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
8. ^ Griesbaum, Karl; Behr, Arno; Biedenkapp, Dieter; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Garbe, Dorothea; Paetz, Christian; Collin, Gerd; Mayer, Dieter; Höke, Hartmut (15 June 2000), "Hydrocarbons", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227, ISBN 3527306730
9. ^ https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101987805A/en
10. ^ Website of Krüss Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (8.10.2009)

External links

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• Media related to Decane at Wikimedia Commons
• Material Safety Data Sheet for Decane Archived 23 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
• CHEMINFO Decane Archived 5 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine

v t e Alkanes
Methane (CH4) Ethane (C2H6) Propane (C3H8) Butane (C4H10) Pentane (C5H12) Hexane (C6H14) Heptane (C7H16) Octane (C8H18) Nonane (C9H20) Decane (C10H22) Undecane (C11H24) Dodecane (C12H26) Tridecane (C13H28) Tetradecane (C14H30) Pentadecane (C15H32) Hexadecane / Cetane (C16H34) Heptadecane (C17H36) Octadecane (C18H38) Nonadecane (C19H40) Icosane (C20H42) Heneicosane (C21H44) Tetracosane (C24H50) Nonacosane (C29H60) Hentriacontane (C31H64)
Higher alkanes List of alkanes

v t e Binary compounds of hydrogen
Alkali metal (Group 1) hydrides	LiH NaH KH RbH CsH
Alkaline (Group 2) earth hydrides	Monohydrides BeH MgH CaH SrH BaH Dihydrides BeH2 MgH2 CaH2 SrH2 BaH2
Group 13 hydrides	Boranes BH3 BH B2H6 B2H2 B2H4 B4H10 B5H9 B5H11 B6H10 B6H12 B10H14 B18H22 Alanes AlH3 Al2H6 Gallanes GaH3 Ga2H6 Indiganes InH3 In2H6 Thallanes TlH3 Tl2H6 Nihonanes (predicted) NhH NhH3 Nh2H6 NhH5
Group 14 hydrides	Hydrocarbons alkanes alkenes alkynes Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes Annulenes CH CH2 CH3 C2H Silanes SiH4 Si2H6 Si3H8 Si4H10 Si5H12 Si6H14 Si7H16 Si8H18 Si9H20 Si10H22 more... Silenes Si2H4 Silynes Si2H2 SiH Germanes GeH4 Ge2H6 Ge3H8 Ge4H10 Ge5H12 Stannanes SnH4 Sn2H6 Plumbanes PbH4 Flerovanes (predicted) FlH FlH2 FlH4
Pnictogen (Group 15) hydrides	Azanes NH3 N2H4 N3H5 N4H6 N5H7 N6H8 N7H9 N8H10 N9H11 N10H12 more... Azenes N2H2 N3H3 N4H4 Phosphanes PH3 P2H4 P3H5 P4H6 P5H7 P6H8 P7H9 P8H10 P9H11 P10H12 more... Phosphenes P2H2 P3H3 P4H4 Arsanes AsH3 As2H4 Stibanes SbH3 Bismuthanes BiH3 Moscovanes McH3 (predicted) HN3 NH HN5 NH5 (hypothetical)
Hydrogen chalcogenides (Group 16 hydrides)	Polyoxidanes H2O H2O2 H2O3 H2O4 H2O5 more... Polysulfanes H2S H2S2 H2S3 H2S4 H2S5 H2S6 H2S7 H2S8 H2S9 H2S10 more... Selanes H2Se H2Se2 Tellanes H2Te H2Te2 Polanes PoH2 Livermoranes LvH2 (predicted) HO HO2 HO3 H2O+–O– (hypothetical) HS HDO D2O T2O
Hydrogen halides (Group 17 hydrides)	HF HCl HBr HI HAt HTs (predicted)
Transition metal hydrides	ScH2 YH2 YH3 YH6 YH9 LuH2 LuH3 TiH2 TiH4 ZrH2 ZrH4 HfH2 HfH4 VH VH2 NbH NbH2 TaH TaH2 CrH CrH2 CrHx FeH FeH2 FeH5 CoH2 RhH2 IrH3 NiH PdHx (x < 1) PtHx (x< 1) DsH2 (predicted) CuH RgH (predicted) ZnH2 CdH2 HgH Hg2H2 HgH2 CnH2 (predicted)
Lanthanide hydrides	LaH2 LaH3 LaH10 CeH2 CeH3 PrH2 PrH3 NdH2 NdH3 SmH2 SmH3 EuH2 GdH2 GdH3 TbH2 TbH3 DyH2 DyH3 HoH2 HoH3 ErH2 ErH3 TmH2 TmH3 YbH2 LuH2 LuH3
Actinide hydrides	AcH2 ThH2 ThH4 Th4H15 PaH3 UH3 UH4 NpH2 NpH3 PuH2 PuH3 AmH2 AmH3 CmH2 BkH2 BkH3 CfH2 CfH3
Exotic matter hydrides	PsH