Dimethylamine - Wikipedia

Dimethylamine

Names
Preferred IUPAC name N-Methylmethanamine
Other names (Dimethyl)amine
Identifiers
CAS Number	124-40-3 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	605257
ChEBI	CHEBI:17170 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL120433 Y
ChemSpider	654 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.272
EC Number	204-697-4
Gmelin Reference	849
KEGG	C00543 Y
MeSH	dimethylamine
PubChem CID	674
RTECS number	IP8750000
UNII	ARQ8157E0Q Y
UN number	1032
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5024057
InChI InChI=1S/C2H7N/c1-3-2/h3H,1-2H3 YKey: ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CNC
Properties[1][2]
Chemical formula	(CH3)2NH
Molar mass	45.085 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Fishy, ammoniacal
Density	649.6 kg m−3 (at 25 °C)
Melting point	−93.00 °C; −135.40 °F; 180.15 K
Boiling point	7 to 9 °C; 44 to 48 °F; 280 to 282 K
Solubility in water	1.540 kg L−1
log P	−0.362
Vapor pressure	170.3 kPa (at 20 °C)
Henry's lawconstant (kH)	310 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Basicity (pKb)	3.29
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfH⦵298)	−21 to −17 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H220, H302, H315, H318, H332, H335
Precautionary statements	P210, P261, P280, P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 4 0
Flash point	−6 °C (21 °F; 267 K) (liquid)
Autoignitiontemperature	401 °C (754 °F; 674 K)
Explosive limits	2.8–14.4%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	698 mg/kg (rat, oral)316 mg/kg (mouse, oral)240 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)240 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)[4]
LC50 (median concentration)	4700 ppm (rat, 4 hr)4540 ppm (rat, 6 hr)7650 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)[4]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3)[3]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3)[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	500 ppm[3]
Related compounds
Related amines	Trimethylamine Diethylamine Triethylamine Diisopropylamine Dimethylaminopropylamine Triisopropylamine
Related compounds	Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Dimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NH. This secondary amine is a colorless, flammable gas with an ammonia-like odor. Dimethylamine is commonly encountered commercially as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%. An estimated 271,000 tons were produced in 2005.[5]

Structure and synthesis

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The molecule consists of a nitrogen atom with two methyl substituents and one hydrogen. Dimethylamine is a weak base and the pKa of the ammonium CH3-NH+2-CH3 is 10.73, a value above methylamine (10.64) and trimethylamine (9.79).

Dimethylamine reacts with acids to form salts, such as dimethylamine hydrochloride, an odorless white solid with a melting point of 171.5 °C. Dimethylamine is produced by catalytic reaction of methanol and ammonia at elevated temperatures and high pressure:[6]

2 CH3OH + NH3 → (CH3)2NH + 2 H2O

Natural occurrence

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Dimethylamine is found quite widely distributed in animals and plants, and is present in many foods at the level of a few mg/kg.[7]

Uses

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Dimethylamine is a precursor to several industrially significant compounds.[5][8] It reacts with carbon disulfide to give dimethyl dithiocarbamate, a precursor to zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) and other chemicals used in the sulfur vulcanization of rubber. Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol is manufactured by reacting dimethylamine and ethylene oxide.[9] Other methods are also available producing streams rich in the substance which then need to be further purified.[10] The solvents dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide are derived from dimethylamine. It is raw material for the production of many agrichemicals and pharmaceuticals, such as dimefox and diphenhydramine, respectively. The chemical weapon tabun is derived from dimethylamine. The surfactant lauryl dimethylamine oxide is found in soaps and cleaning compounds. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, a rocket fuel, is prepared from dimethylamine.[11]

(CH3)2NH + NH2Cl → (CH3)2NNH2 ⋅ HCl

It is an attractant for boll weevils.[12]

Reactions

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It is basic, in both the Lewis[13][14] and Brønsted senses. It easily forms dimethylammonium salts upon treatment with acids. Deprotonation of dimethylamine can be effected with organolithium compounds. The resulting LiNMe2, which adopts a cluster-like structure, serves as a source of Me2N−. This lithium amide has been used to prepare volatile metal complexes such as tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium and pentakis(dimethylamido)tantalum.

It reacts with many carbonyl compounds. Aldehydes give aminals. For example reaction of dimethylamine and formaldehyde gives bis(dimethylamino)methane:[15]

2 (CH3)2NH + CH2O → [(CH3)2N]2CH2 + H2O

It converts esters to dimethylamides.

Safety

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Dimethylamine is not very toxic with the following LD50 values: 736 mg/kg (mouse, i.p.); 316 mg/kg (mouse, p.o.); 698 mg/kg (rat, p.o.); 3900 mg/kg (rat, dermal); 240 mg/kg (guinea pig or rabbit, p.o.).[16]

Although not acutely toxic, dimethylamine undergoes nitrosation to give dimethylnitrosamine, a carcinogen.

See also

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• Methylamine
• Trimethylamine

References

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1. ^ "Dimethylamine". NIST Chemistry WebBook. USA: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
2. ^ "Dimethylamine 38931 - ≥99.0%". Aldrich. Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
3. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0219". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
4. ^ a b "Dimethylamine". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
5. ^ a b Van Gysel, August B.; Musin, Willy (2000). "Methylamines". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_535. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
6. ^ Corbin D.R.; Schwarz S.; Sonnichsen G.C. (1997). "Methylamines synthesis: A review". Catalysis Today. 37 (2): 71–102. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(97)00003-5.
7. ^ Neurath, G. B.; et al. (1977). "Primary and secondary amines in the human environment". Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. 15 (4): 275–282. doi:10.1016/s0015-6264(77)80197-1. PMID 590888.
8. ^ Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, 3rd edition, 2011, pages 3284-3286
9. ^ Frank, H., 2007. Preparation of N, N-Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol by Reacting Reacting Di-methylamine with Ethylene Oxide US Patent
10. ^ US8907084B2 - Process for the preparation of 2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethanol (2AEE) and morpholine with 2AEE: morpholine >3 - Google Patents
11. ^ Schirmann, Jean-Pierre; Bourdauducq, Paul (2001). "Hydrazine". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_177. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.
12. ^ The Merck Index, 10th Ed. (1983), p.470, Rahway: Merck & Co.
13. ^ Laurence, Christian; Le Gall, Jean-François (2010). Lewis basicity and affinity scales: data and measurement. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-470-74957-9.
14. ^ Cramer, R. E.; Bopp, T. T. (1977). "Graphical display of the enthalpies of adduct formation for Lewis acids and bases". Journal of Chemical Education. 54: 612–613. doi:10.1021/ed054p612. The plots shown in this paper used older parameters. Improved E&C parameters are listed in ECW model.
15. ^ Gaudry, Michel; Jasor, Yves; Khac, Trung Bui (1979). "Regioselective Mannich Condensation with Dimethyl(Methylene)ammonium Trifluoroacetate: 1-(Dimethylamino)-4-methyl-3-pentanone". Org. Synth. 59: 153. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.059.0153.
16. ^ Chemical Information Profile for Dimethylamine Borane, National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, NIH (2008), p.4: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/dimethylamineborane508.pdf

External links

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• International Chemical Safety Card 0260 (gas)
• International Chemical Safety Card 1485 (aqueous solution)
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0219". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
• Properties from Air Liquide
• MSDS at airliquide.com

Authority control databases
International	GND
National	United States Israel
Other	Yale LUX