Dục Đức - Wikipedia

Emperor of Vietnam (reigned 20–23 July 1883) For the massacre in a village of a similar name, see Duc Duc massacre.

Emperor Dục Đức育德帝
Tomb of Dục Đức in Huế
Emperor of Đại Nam
Reign	20 July 1883 – 23 July 1883
Predecessor	Tự Đức
Successor	Hiệp Hòa
Regent	Tôn Thất Thuyết, Nguyễn Văn Tường & Trần Tiễn Thành
Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty
Reign	20 July 1883 – 23 July 1883
Predecessor	Tự Đức
Successor	Hiệp Hòa
Born	23 February 1852Imperial City, Huế, Đại Nam
Died	6 October 1883 (aged 31)Imperial City, Huế, Đại Nam
Burial	An Lăng (安陵)
Spouse	Empress Từ Minh
Issue	19 including 11 sons and 8 daughters Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lân
Names Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Ái (阮福膺𩡤) Era dates Tự Đức (嗣德)(remain unchanged) Posthumous name Khoan nhân Duệ triết Tĩnh minh Huệ hoàng đế (寬仁睿哲靜明惠皇帝) Temple name Cung Tông (恭宗)
House	Nguyễn Phúc
Father	Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Y (son of Thiệu Trị)
Mother	Trần Thị Nga
Religion	Ruism, Buddhism

Dục Đức (chữ Hán: 育德, IPA: [zùkpɗɨ́k]; born Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Ái, 23 February 1852 – 6 October 1883), was Emperor of Vietnam for three days, from 20 to 23 July 1883. He was the fifth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty and father of Emperor Thành Thái, who ruled from 1889 to 1907.

Early life

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Dục Đức was born Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Ái and at age 17 was renamed Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Chân (阮福膺禛). He was the second son of Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Y, the fourth brother of Emperor Tự Đức. He and his two cousins, Chanh Mong (later Emperor Đồng Khánh) and Duong Thien (Kiến Phúc), sons of Tự Đức's twenty-sixth brother Thien Thai Vuong, were adopted by the emperor, who had no children of his own.[1][2][3][4]

After Tự Đức's death, his three regents, Nguyễn Văn Tường, Tôn Thất Thuyết and Tran Tien Thanh, declared the thirty-one-year-old Dục Đức would succeed him. This move was evidently controversial. Historian Pham Van Son and others write that Tự Đức had determined Dục Đức too decadent to rule, and amended his will to name Kiến Phúc as his successor instead. However, the Tam Cung, an alliance of powerful palace women, favored Dục Đức, and convinced the regents to alter the will and appoint him Emperor.[2][3][4]

Reign and death

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Dục Đức ruled for only three days before he was deposed and sentenced to death by the same regents who had enthroned him. The reasons are unclear. Pham Van Son wrote that Dục Đức so embarrassed the court with his debauchery at the coronation that Tôn Thất Thuyết revealed the incriminating sections of Tự Đức's will. The court quickly ruled to execute him with poison for violating the mourning rules and buried him in an unmarked grave, a notably disproportionate sentence. Other contemporary historians make no mention of this episode and say that Dục Đức was not executed but rather was left to die in captivity, a likelier sequence of events considering that he lived for another three months.[3] The true motivation for the overthrow may have been political; the regents may have feared Dục Đức would strip them of the power they enjoyed under the weak Tự Đức.[4]

With Dục Đức in captivity, the regents named his 34-year-old uncle Hiệp Hòa, Tự Đức's half-brother, as emperor. They may have skipped over Dục Đức's adoptive brothers to mitigate the backlash from the court women who had favored Dục Đức.[4] Open protest of the regents' actions came from one senior official, Phan Đình Phùng, but he was quickly arrested and stripped of his position.[4] During his brief reign, Hiệp Hòa similarly tried to rein in the regents' influence, but failed; he in turn was soon deposed and sentenced to die.[1] Modern Vietnamese historians generally regard emperors from Dục Đức to Bảo Đại as puppets controlled by the French colonialists.[5]

After several more years of turmoil, Dục Đức's young son Thành Thái was installed as emperor in 1889. He constructed a mausoleum and shrine complex for his father in Huế known as the Tomb of Dục Đức. This eventually became a family tomb, housing Thành Thái and various other members of the Nguyễn dynasty.[6]

References

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1. ^ a b Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker Historical Dictionary of Vietnam 2006 p113 "Dục Đức (1852–1884). Emperor (r. 1883) under the Nguyén dynasty." Page 154 "A younger brother and adopted son of Emperor Tự Đức, [Hiép Hoa] succeeded his nephew Dục Đức after the latter was deposed by court officials in 1883. Hiép Hoa attempted to wrest power back from these officials, but he was not strong enough"
2. ^ a b Corfield, Justin J. (2008). The history of Vietnam. Westport, Conn., USA: Greenwood Press. pp. xvii, 21–22. ISBN 978-0-313-34193-9. OCLC 182857138.
3. ^ a b c Chapuis, Oscar (2000). The last emperors of Vietnam : from Tu Duc to Bao Dai. Westport, Conn., USA: Greenwood Press. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-0-313-31170-3. OCLC 231866735.
4. ^ a b c d e Taylor, K. W. (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. p. 474. ISBN 978-0521875868. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
5. ^ Far-sighted sovereigns in Việt Nam Thế Giới Publishers (Hanoi, Vietnam) - 2004 "All emperors, from Dục Đức to Bảo Đại, were puppets controlled by the French colonialists. In the wake of the August 1945 Revolution the last king of the Nguyễn dynasty, Bảo Đại, proclaimed his abdication in front of 50,000 inhabitants of ..."
6. ^ Tomb of Dục Đức Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine "Tomb of Dục Đức (An Lăng) is a relic of relics of the ancient capital of Hue, is the burial place of Dục Đức emperor, the fifth emperor of the Nguyen dynasty."

External links

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Preceded byEmperor Tự Đức

Nguyễn dynasty

Succeeded byEmperor Hiệp Hoà

v t e Emperors of the Nguyễn dynasty
Gia Long Minh Mạng Thiệu Trị Tự Đức Dục Đức Hiệp Hòa Kiến Phúc Hàm Nghi Đồng Khánh Thành Thái Duy Tân Khải Định Bảo Đại

v t e Nguyễn dynasty topics
Overview	Sovereign state (1802–1883) French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin (1883–1945) Empire of Vietnam (1945)
History	Sovereign Việt Nam / Đại Nam(Nhà Nguyễn thời độc lập) Nguyễn lords Đàng Trong Nam tiến Six Provinces of Southern Vietnam Citadel of Saigon Nguyễn dynasty's persecution of Catholics in the 19th century Tự Đức's Catholic persecution Văn Thân movement French protectorate(s)(Pháp thuộc, 法屬) French conquest of Vietnam Cần Vương Great Hanoi Rat Massacre Hanoi Exhibition Đông Du Duy Tân Hội Hanoi Poison Plot History of Vietnam during World War I Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng Le Travail movement Communist Party of Vietnam Phú Riềng Đỏ Việt Minh French Indochina in World War II Japanese period Japanese invasion of French Indochina Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 Abdication of Bảo Đại Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Government	Emperors Gia Long (1802–1820) Minh Mạng (1820–1841) Thiệu Trị (1841–1847) Tự Đức (1847–1883) Dục Đức (1883) Hiệp Hòa (1883) Kiến Phúc (1883–1884) Hàm Nghi (1884–1885) Đồng Khánh (1885–1889) Thành Thái (1889–1907) Duy Tân (1907–1916) Khải Định (1916–1925) Bảo Đại (1925–1945) Ministries & agencies Censorate Court of Judicial Review Court of Imperial Entertainments Court of the Imperial Stud Court of Imperial Sacrifices Office of the National Altars Hàn lâm viện House of People's Representatives of Annam Imperial Clan Court Imperial Household Department Quốc Tử Giám Lục bộ Ministry of Education Nội các Viện cơ mật Symbols Coat of arms Đăng đàn cung Flags Provincial flags Names of the Nguyễn dynasty state (Việt Nam / Đại Nam) Seals of the Nguyễn dynasty Vietnamese dragon Provincial administration Đề Đốc Tuần phủ Tổng Trấn French administration Khâm sứ Trung Kỳ Thống sứ Bắc Kỳ Prominent mandarins Bạch Xuân Nguyên Cao Xuân Dục Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau Jean Marie Despiau Hoàng Cao Khải Hoàng Diệu Hoàng Kế Viêm Michael Hồ Đình Hy Lê Chất Ngô Đình Diệm Ngô Đình Khả Ngô Đình Khôi Nguyễn Trường Tộ Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức Nguyễn Văn Tâm Nguyễn Văn Tồn Nguyễn Văn Nhơn Phan Văn Thúy Phạm Quỳnh Phạm Thận Duật Phan Đình Phùng Phan Thanh Giản Phan Thanh Liêm Nguyễn Tri Phương Thân Văn Nhiếp Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ Thoại Ngọc Hầu Tôn Thất Đính Tôn Thất Thuyết Trần Trọng Kim Trần Cao Vân Đặng Huy Trứ Trương Định Trương Minh Giảng Trương Tấn Bửu Nguyễn Văn Tường Philippe Vannier
Military	Battles and wars Tây Sơn wars French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812) Cambodian rebellion (1820) Ja Lidong rebellion Phan Bá Vành's Rebellion Anouvong's Rebellion against Siam Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834) Nduai Kabait rebellion Nông Văn Vân's Rebellion Katip Sumat's Jihad Ja Thak Wa uprising Lê Văn Khôi revolt Cambodian rebellion (1840) Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845) Bombardment of Tourane (1847) Cochinchina campaign Tonkin campaign Garnier Expedition Sino-French War Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương Yên Thế Insurrection Pacification of Tonkin Thái Nguyên uprising Vue Pa Chay's revolt Yên Bái mutiny Uprising of the Nghệ-Tĩnh soviets August Revolution Prominent military personnel Hoàng Kế Viêm Lê Văn Duyệt Lê Văn Khôi Nguyễn Cư Trinh Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức Nguyễn Văn Thành Nguyễn Văn Tồn Nguyễn Văn Nhơn Nguyễn Tri Phương Phan Văn Thúy Trương Minh Giảng
Special administrative regions	Champa Principality of Thuận Thành Principality of Hà Tiên Sip Song Chau Tai Thủy Xá and Hỏa Xá Trấn Ninh Trấn Tây Thành
Palaces & mausoleums	Palaces Imperial City of Huế Meridian Gate Tombs Thien Tho Mausoleum Khiêm Mausoleum An Mausoleum Ứng Mausoleum
Society & culture	Áo dài Đại Nam nhất thống chí Đại Nam thực lục Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục Khăn vấn Woodblocks of the Nguyễn Dynasty
Education	Imperial Academy, Huế Imperial examination Confucian court examination system in Vietnam Quốc Học – Huế High School for the Gifted Société d’Enseignement Mutuel du Tonkin Tonkin Free School
Currency	Cash coins Tự Đức Thông Bảo Tự Đức Bảo Sao Khải Định Thông Bảo Bảo Đại Thông Bảo Currency units Văn Mạch Quán Tiền Colonial currencies French Indochinese piastre
Laws	Hương ước
Treaties	Saigon (1862) Huế (1863) Saigon (1874) Huế (1883) Huế (1884)
Orders, decorations, and medals	Bai Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam Kim Khánh
Other topics	Domain of the Crown Economy of the Nguyễn dynasty until 1884 Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth House of Nguyễn Phúc Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi Postage stamps and postal history of Annam and Tongking Thoại Hà Canal Vĩnh Tế Canal Tôn Thất Vietnamese nationalism

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	United States
Other	IdRef