G Test, A New Direct Method For Diagnosis Of Candida Infection

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Abstract

An indirect method to measure beta-glucan, a major structural component of yeast cell walls, is available, but has the disadvantage of requiring the combined use of two assays. Recent reports describe the fungal index, which measures the difference between the conventional limulus test, in which factors C and G react with endotoxin and beta-glucan, and a new endotoxin-specific test, in which only factor C reacts with endotoxin. The G test was developed as a direct method to measure beta-glucan, and contains only factor G reacting with beta-glucan alone. In this study, the G test was examined in sera of rabbits with experimental systemic candidiasis, and compared with the fungal index and mannan assay. The G test showed positive in all rabbits with systemic candidiasis faster and with higher titers than with the fungal index. Three rabbits with fulminant systemic candidiasis showed higher levels of reactivity with the G test and the fungal index than two rabbits with mild reactions. Mannan was positive by at least one serum in four of five rabbits by the latex agglutination test, and there was a good correlation between these assays. The G test is a good serodiagnostic method for the detection of candidiasis.

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  • Comparison between Wako-WB003 and Fungitec G tests for detection of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in systemic mycosis. Hossain MA, Miyazaki T, Mitsutake K, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Yanagihara K, Kawamura S, Otsubo T, Hirakata Y, Tashiro T, Kohno S. Hossain MA, et al. J Clin Lab Anal. 1997;11(2):73-7. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2825(1997)11:23.0.co;2-l. J Clin Lab Anal. 1997. PMID: 9058239 Free PMC article.
  • New approach for diagnosis of candidemia based on detection of a 65-kilodalton antigen. Berzaghi R, Colombo AL, Machado AM, de Camargo ZP. Berzaghi R, et al. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Nov;16(11):1538-45. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00176-09. Epub 2009 Sep 23. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009. PMID: 19776195 Free PMC article.
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  • Surface glycans of Candida albicans and other pathogenic fungi: physiological roles, clinical uses, and experimental challenges. Masuoka J. Masuoka J. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Apr;17(2):281-310. doi: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.281-310.2004. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004. PMID: 15084502 Free PMC article. Review.
  • Enolase antigen, mannan antigen, Cand-Tec antigen, and beta-glucan in patients with candidemia. Mitsutake K, Miyazaki T, Tashiro T, Yamamoto Y, Kakeya H, Otsubo T, Kawamura S, Hossain MA, Noda T, Hirakata Y, Kohno S. Mitsutake K, et al. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Aug;34(8):1918-21. doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.8.1918-1921.1996. J Clin Microbiol. 1996. PMID: 8818881 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
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