Government - Wiktionary

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1 English Toggle English subsection
- 1.1 Alternative forms
- 1.2 Etymology
- 1.3 Pronunciation
- 1.4 Noun
  - 1.4.1 Usage notes
  - 1.4.2 Synonyms
  - 1.4.3 Hyponyms
  - 1.4.4 Derived terms
  - 1.4.5 Related terms
  - 1.4.6 Translations
- 1.5 See also
- 1.6 Further reading

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English

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

gouernement (obsolete)
gub'mint, gubmint, gummint, gubbamint, guvmint, guvment, gumment, guv'ment, guv'mint, gubberment, gubbermint, gubment, gub'ment, govermint, guvverment, guvvermint, guverment, guvermint, gobermint, gormint (nonstandard)
gahmen, gomen (Manglish, Singlish)

Etymology

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From Middle English governement, from Old French governement (modern French gouvernement), from governer (see govern) + -ment. Morphologically govern +‎ -ment. Displaced native Old English gerec, leodweard, ræden, rǣding and ealdordōm.

Pronunciation

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(General American) IPA(key): /ˈɡʌv.ɚ.mənt/, /ˈɡʌv.ɚn.mənt/
- Audio (US): (file)
- Audio (US): (file)
(Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɡʌv.ə.mənt/, /ˈɡʌv.ən.mənt/, /ˈɡʌv.mənt/
- Audio (UK): (file)
(New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈɡɐvɘ(n)mɘnt/, /ˈɡɐvmɘnt/
(Indic, trisyllabic) IPA(key): /ˈɡəʋə(r)(n)məɳʈ/
(Indic, disyllabic) IPA(key): /ˈɡəʋməɳʈ/
- (monophthongised) /ˈɡɔːməɳʈ/
Hyphenation: gov‧ern‧ment

Noun

[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:governmentWikipedia

government (countable and uncountable, plural governments)

The body with the power to make and/or enforce laws to control a country, land area, people or organization. British government has historically centred exclusively on London.
- 1863 November 19, Abraham Lincoln, Dedicatory Remarks (Gettysburg Address)‎[1], near Soldiers' National Cemetery, →LCCN, Bancroft copy, page 2:[…]and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
- 2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68:Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.
(grammar, linguistics) The relationship between a word and its dependents. Synonyms: regimen, rection (archaic) Coordinate terms: agreement, concord, concordance (obsolete)
The state and its administration viewed as the ruling political power. Near-synonyms: state, administration If the citizens must follow the law, then the government must follow the constitution.
- 2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.
(uncountable) The management or control of a system.
- 1908, Walter Frederic Adeney, The Greek and Eastern churches, page 275:The government of the Church is maintained without material alteration in a settled hierarchical form.
- 1957, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Preamble”, in Naval Discipline Act 1957‎[2], page 14:Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to the government of Her Majesty's Navy, whereon, under the good Providence of God, the wealth, safety and strength of the Kingdom so much depend:
- 1849 [1840], Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, “Chapitre V. Second Partie. § 2.”, in Qu’est ce que la propriété?, page 242; English translation from “Chapter V. Part Second. § 2.”, in Benjamin Tucker, transl., What Is Property?, translation of original in French, 1876, page 277:Thus, in a given society, the authority of man over man is inversely proportional to the stage of intellectual development which that society has reached; and the probable duration of that authority can be calculated from the more or less general desire for a true government, — that is, for a scientific government.[original: Ainsi, dans une société donnée, l’autorité de l’homme sur l’homme est en raison inverse du développement intellectuel auquel cette société est parvenue, et la durée probable de cette autorité peut être calculée sur le désir plus ou moins général d’un gouvernement vrai, c’est-à-dire, d’un gouvernement selon la science.]
The tenure of a head of government; the ministry or administration led by a specified individual. The Sunak government announced plans to stem the flow of migrants coming into Great Britain.
In a parliamentary system, the political party or coalition in power; its condition of being in power. Coordinate terms: opposition; state
(debating) The team tasked with presenting and speaking in favour of a resolution, as opposed to the opposition.
Ellipsis of government name, one's legal name according to a government.

Usage notes

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In the United States, "government" is considered to be divided into three branches: the legislature (the House of Representatives and the Senate) which makes law, the administration (under the President) which runs sections of government within the law, and the courts, which adjudicate on matters of the law. This is a much wider meaning of "government" than exists in the United Kingdom where governance and other words describe the process or power of governing generally and the term "government" is used more particularly for the ruling political force of the prime minister and their cabinet ministers (what Americans would call the administration). In Britain, the administrative organs of the nation are collectively referred to as "the state". In Canada government is used in both senses and neither state nor administration is used. Applied to many countries in continental Europe (when using English), the British usage is common.
In Britain, the word is often capitalised when referring to the particular UK government. British and older works in general may distinguish between Government as the ruling body and government as the practice of governing.

Synonyms

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(administration, esp. over a country): administration, governance, management; statism (obs.)

Hyponyms

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big government
federal government
government-general
interim government
invisible government
local government
majority government
military government
minority government
municipal government
parliamentary government
petticoat government
provisional government
puppet government
representative government
secret government
shadow government
unitary government

Derived terms

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anti-government
antigovernment
band government
branch of government
caretaker government
central government
close enough for government work
countergovernment
cybergovernment
eGovernment
e-government
form of government
G2P
G2Px
good enough for government work
government agent
governmental
government bond
government cheese
government debt
governmentese
government expenditure
government failure
government house
Government House
government-in-exile
government in exile
governmentish
governmentism
government issue
governmentist
governmentless
governmentlike
government man
government name
government note
government-owned and controlled corporation
government purchases
government security
government shutdown
government spending
government stroke
government take
government-to-person
government trophy
government wharf
governmentwide
governmentwise
governmenty
govware
head of government
in government
Jewish occupation government
machine of government
malgovernment
microgovernment
misgovernment
non-government
nongovernment
progovernment
pro-government
pseudogovernment
quasigovernment
rotation government
seat of government
selfgovernment, self-government
subgovernment
supergovernment
undergovernment
Zionist occupation government

Related terms

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govern
governance
governor

Translations

[edit] body with the power to make and/or enforce laws

Acehnese: peumeurèntah
Afrikaans: regering (af)
Albanian: qeveri (sq) f
Amharic: መንግሥት (mängəśt)
Arabic: حُكُومَة (ar) f (ḥukūma)
Aragonese: gubierno m
Armenian: կառավարություն (hy) (kaṙavarutʻyun)
Assamese: চৰকাৰ (sorokar)
Asturian: gobiernu (ast) m
Avar: хӏукумат (ḥʳukumat)
Azerbaijani: dövlət (az), hökümət (az), hakimiyyət (az)
Bashkir: хөкүмәт (xökümət)
Basque: gobernu
Belarusian: ура́д m (urád), ўрад m (wrad)
Bengali: সরকার (bn) (śorkar), হুকুমত (bn) (hukumot), দৌলত (bn) (dōulot)
Breton: gouarnamant (br) m
Bulgarian: прави́телство (bg) n (pravítelstvo)
Burmese: အစိုးရ (my) (a.cui:ra.)
Buryat: засаглал (zasaglal)
Carpathian Rusyn: воло́да f (volóda), вла́да f (vláda)
Catalan: govern (ca) m
Cebuano: kagamhanan
Chechen: правительство (pravitelʲstʷo), ӏедал (ˀedal)
Chichewa: boma
Chinese: Cantonese: 政府 (zing3 fu2) Dungan: җынфу (žɨnfu) Eastern Min: 政府 (céng-hū) Hakka: 政府 (chṳn-fú) Hokkien: 政府 (zh-min-nan) (chèng-hú) Mandarin: 政府 (zh) (zhèngfǔ) Wu: 政府 (5tsen-fu5)
Coptic: ⲙⲁⲛⲉⲣϣⲓϣⲓ m (maneršiši)
Corsican: guvernu (co) m
Czech: vláda (cs) f
Danish: regering (da) c, stat c
Dutch: regering (nl) f, overheid (nl) f
Dzongkha: སྲིད་གཞུང (srid gzhung)
Erzya: правительство (praviteľstvo), масторонь ветямо (mastoroń veťamo)
Esperanto: registaro
Estonian: valitsus
Extremaduran: gobiernu, gobielnu
Finnish: hallitus (fi)
French: gouvernement (fr) m
Frisian: West Frisian: regear n
Friulian: guviêr m
Galician: goberno (gl) m
Georgian: მთავრობა (mtavroba), ხელისუფლება (xelisupleba)
German: Regierung (de) f Alemannic German: Regierig Bavarian: Regiarung
Greek: κυβέρνηση (el) f (kyvérnisi) Ancient Greek: κυβερνισμός m (kubernismós)
Gujarati: સરકાર f (sarkār)
Haitian Creole: gouvènman
Hausa: gwamnati
Hawaiian: aupuni
Hebrew: מֶמְשָׁלָה (he) f (memshalá)
Hindi: सरकार (hi) f (sarkār), हुकूमत (hi) f (hukūmat)
Hungarian: kormány (hu)
Icelandic: stjórn f, ríkisstjórn f
Ido: guvernerio (io)
Indonesian: pemerintah (id)
Interlingua: governamento
Irish: rialtas (ga) m
Italian: governo (it) m
Japanese: 政府 (ja) (せいふ, seifu)
Kalmyk: залвр (zalvr)
Kannada: ಸರಕಾರ (kn) (sarakāra)
Karen: S'gaw Karen: ကီၢ်ပဒိၣ် (kaw̱ pa doh̀)
Kazakh: үкімет (ükımet)
Khmer: រដ្ឋាភិបាល (km) (rŏətthaaphibaal), រដ្ឋបាល (km) (rŏətthaʼbaal)
Kikuyu: thirikari class 9/10
Korean: 정부(政府) (ko) (jeongbu)
Kumyk: гьукумат (hukumat)
Kurdish: Central Kurdish: حوکمەت (ḧukmet), حکوومەت (ckb) (ḧkûmet) Northern Kurdish: hikûmet (ku) f
Kyrgyz: өкмөт (ky) (ökmöt)
Ladin: guviern m
Lao: ລັດຖະບານ (lo) (lat tha bān)
Latin: administrātiō f, gubernātiō f
Latvian: valdība (lv) f
Lezgi: гьукумат (hukumat)
Limburgish: Regiering
Lithuanian: vyriausybė (lt) f, valdžia (lt) f
Lü: ᦟᦱᦋᦂᦱᧃ (laatsk̇aan), ᦵᦐᦲᦷᦜᧂ (ṅoel̇ong), ᦉᦐᦱᧄ (ṡṅaam)
Luhya: eserikali
Macedonian: влада f (vlada), управа f (uprava)
Malay: kerajaan (ms) (Brunei, Malaysia), pemerintah (Indonesia, Singapore)
Malayalam: സർക്കാർ (ml) (saṟkkāṟ), ഭരണകൂടം (bharaṇakūṭaṁ)
Maltese: gvern
Manchu: ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (dasan yamun)
Māori: kāwanatanga (mi)
Marathi: सरकार f (sarkār), शासन (mr) n (śāsan)
Mizo: sorkar
Mongolian: Cyrillic: засаг (mn) (zasag), засгийн газар (zasgiin gazar) засгийн ордон (zasgiin ordon) (China) Mongolian script: ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ (ǰasag), ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠦᠨᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ (ǰasag-ün ɣaǰar), ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠦᠨᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ (ǰasag-ün ordon)
Nepali: सरकार (ne) (sarkār)
Nigerian Pidgin: goment
Norman: gouvèrnément m
Norwegian: Bokmål: regjering (no) m or f, myndigheter m pl, styresmakter m pl or f pl Nynorsk: regjering f, styremakter f pl, styresmakter f pl, myndigheiter f pl
Occitan: govèrn (oc) m
Odia: ସରକାର (sarakāra)
Old English: leodweard f, gerec n, anweald m, ealdordom m
Oromo: mootummaa
Pannonian Rusyn: влада f (vlada)
Papiamentu: gobernashon
Pashto: حکومت (ps) m (hokumat), سرکار (ps) m (sarkār), دولت (ps) m (dawlat)
Persian: Classical Persian: دَوْلَت (dawlat), حُکُومَت (hukūmat) Iranian Persian: دُوْلَت (dowlat), حُکومَت (hokumat)
Plautdietsch: Rejierunk f
Polish: rząd (pl) m inan, władza (pl) f
Portuguese: governo (pt) m
Punjabi: ਸਰਕਾਰ (pa) f (sarkār)
Romanian: guvern (ro) n
Russian: прави́тельство (ru) n (pravítelʹstvo)
Sanskrit: शासन (sa) n (śāsana), राज्य (sa) n (rājya), नृपक्रिया (sa) f (nṛpakriyā), राजता (sa) f (rājatā)
Sardinian: cuberru m, guvernu, cuvrenu, cuverrinu
Scottish Gaelic: riaghaltas, (abstract) riaghladh m
Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: вла́да f Latin: vláda (sh) f
Shan: လူင်ပွင်ၸိုင်ႈ (lǔung pǎung tsūeng), ဢၸူဝ်းယႃႉ (ʼǎ tsó yâ̰a)
Sicilian: cuvernu (scn) m, guvernu (scn), cuviernu (scn), guviernu (scn)
Sinhalese: රජය (rajaya)
Slovak: vláda (sk) f
Slovene: vlada (sl) f
Spanish: gobierno (es) m
Swahili: serikali (sw)
Swedish: regering (sv)
Tagalog: gobyerno (tl), pamahalaan (tl)
Tajik: давлат (tg) (davlat), ҳукумат (tg) (hukumat)
Tamil: அரசு (ta) (aracu), அரசாங்கம் (ta) (aracāṅkam)
Tatar: хөкүмәт (tt) (xökümät)
Telugu: ప్రభుత్వం (te) (prabhutvaṁ), సర్కారు (te) (sarkāru)
Thai: รัฐบาล (th) (rát-tà-baan)
Tibetan: གཞུང (gzhung)
Tigrinya: መንግስቲ (mängəsti)
Tok Pisin: gavman (tpi)
Tumbuka: boma
Turkish: hükûmet (tr)
Turkmen: hökümet
Ukrainian: у́ряд (uk) m (úrjad), вла́да (uk) f (vláda)
Urdu: حُکُومَت f (hukūmat), سَرْکار f (sarkār), دَولَت f (daulat)
Uyghur: ھۆكۈمەت (hökümet)
Uzbek: hukumat (uz)
Venetan: guerno m, governo, goerno
Vietnamese: chính phủ (vi) (政府)
Volapük: reiganef (vo)
Welsh: llywodraeth (cy) m
Yakut: дьаһалта (jahalta), бырабыыталыстыба (bïrabïïtalïstïba)
Yiddish: רעגירונג f (regirung), מלוכה f (melukhe), ממשלה f (memshole)
Yoruba: ìjọba
Zhuang: cwngfuj

grammar: relationship between a word and its dependents

Dutch: rectie (nl) f
Finnish: rektio (fi)
French: rection (fr) f
Georgian: მმართველობა (mmartveloba), მართვა (martva), ხელმძღვანელობა (xelmʒɣvaneloba)
German: Rektion (de) f
Italian: reggenza (it) f
Japanese: 支配 (ja) (しはい, shihai)
Polish: związek rządu (pl) m, rekcja f
Portuguese: regência (pt) f
Romanian: recțiune (ro) f
Russian: управле́ние (ru) n (upravlénije)
Spanish: rección f
Swedish: rektion (sv) c, styrning (sv) c
Ukrainian: керува́ння (uk) n (keruvánnja)
Welsh: rheolaeth (cy) f

state and its administration

Afrikaans: regering (af)
Danish: øvrighed c
Finnish: hallitus (fi), valtiovalta (fi)
German: Regierung (de) f
Italian: governo (it) m
Portuguese: governo (pt) m
Russian: госуда́рство (ru) n (gosudárstvo)
Tamil: அரசாங்கம் (ta) (aracāṅkam), அரசு (ta) (aracu)
Ukrainian: держа́ва (uk) f (deržáva)

management or control of a system

Danish: styring c
Finnish: hallinta (fi)
Italian: controllo (it) m
Portuguese: controle (pt) m
Tamil: ஆட்சி (ta) (āṭci)
Turkish: Ottoman Turkish: سیاست (siyâset)

tenure of a chief of state

Danish: regering (da) c
Finnish: hallitus (fi); toimikausi
Tamil: ஆட்சி (ta) (āṭci)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked

Cebuano: (please verify) kagamhanan
Hiligaynon: (please verify) gobierno
Māori: (please verify) kāwanatanga (mi)

Government - Wiktionary

Contents

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

Further reading

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