GUGGUL - Uses, Side Effects, And More - WebMD

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GUGGUL - Uses, Side Effects, and More OTHER NAME(S): Balsamodendrum wightii, Balsamodendrum mukul, Comm ... Show More OTHER NAME(S): Balsamodendrum wightii, Balsamodendrum mukul, Comm ... Show More

• Overview
• Uses
• Side Effects
• Precautions
• Interactions
• Dosing
• Reviews (31)

Overview

Guggul is made from the oily sap (gum resin) of the guggul tree (Commiphora wightii). The guggul tree grows in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Guggul contains plant steroids that might affect cholesterol levels in the body. One of these substances might also reduce redness and swelling from acne. People use guggul for acne, obesity, high cholesterol, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. There is also no good evidence to support using guggul for COVID-19. Don't confuse guggul with Boswellia serrata or myrrh. These are not the same.

Uses & Effectiveness

Possibly Ineffective for

• Obesity. Taking guggul by mouth doesn't seem to reduce body weight in overweight or obese people.

There is interest in using guggul for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Side Effects

When taken by mouth: Guggul is possibly safe when used for up to 24 weeks. It's usually well-tolerated, but some people may experience a bitter taste when ingested. Side effects might include stomach upset and headache. When applied to the skin: There isn't enough reliable information to know if guggul is safe or what the side effects might be. Some people might develop an allergic rash.

Special Precautions and Warnings

When taken by mouth: Guggul is possibly safe when used for up to 24 weeks. It's usually well-tolerated, but some people may experience a bitter taste when ingested. Side effects might include stomach upset and headache. When applied to the skin: There isn't enough reliable information to know if guggul is safe or what the side effects might be. Some people might develop an allergic rash. Pregnancy: Guggul is likely unsafe when taken by mouth during pregnancy. It might stimulate the uterus and cause a miscarriage. Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if guggul is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use. Bleeding disorders: Guggul can slow blood clotting. This might cause bleeding or bruising in people with bleeding disorders. Hormone-sensitive condition such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids: Guggul might act like estrogen in the body. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, do not use guggul. Surgery: Guggul might increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using guggul at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery. Underactive or overactive thyroid (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism): Guggul might interfere with treatment for these conditions. If you have a thyroid condition, speak with a healthcare provider before use.

Interactions

Major Interaction

Do not take this combination

• Estrogens interacts with GUGGUL

  Guggul contains chemicals that might work like estrogen. Taking large amounts of guggul might increase the side effects of estrogen.

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

• Birth control pills (Contraceptive drugs) interacts with GUGGUL

  Some birth control pills contain estrogen. Guggul contains chemicals that might work like estrogen. Guggul might increase the side effects of birth control pills.

• Diltiazem (Cardizem, others) interacts with GUGGUL

  Taking guggul can decrease how much diltiazem the body absorbs. Taking guggul along with diltiazem might decrease the effects of diltiazem.

• Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates) interacts with GUGGUL

  Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Guggul might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

• Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with GUGGUL

  Guggul might slow blood clotting. Taking guggul along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

• Propranolol (Inderal) interacts with GUGGUL

  Guggul might decrease how much propranolol the body absorbs. Taking guggul along with propranolol might decrease the effects of propranolol.

• Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) interacts with GUGGUL

  Tamoxifen is used to help treat and prevent cancers that are affected by estrogen levels in the body. Guggul might affect estrogen levels in the body. By affecting estrogen in the body, guggul might decrease the effects of tamoxifen.

• Thyroid hormone interacts with GUGGUL

  Guggul might increase thyroid hormone in the body. Taking guggul along with thyroid hormone therapy might increase the effects and side effects of thyroid hormones.

• Rosuvastatin (Crestor) interacts with GUGGUL

  Guggul might increase how much rosuvastatin the body absorbs. Taking guggul along with rosuvastatin might increase the effects and side effects of rosuvastatin.

Dosing

Guggul has most often been used by adults in doses of 0.5-1 gram by mouth three times daily for up to 75 weeks. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition. View References REFERENCES:

Almazari, I. and Surh, Y. J. Cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of guggulsterone. Top.Curr.Chem. 2013;329:35-60. View abstract.

Antonio J, Colker CM, Torina GC, and et al. Effects of a standardized guggulsterone phosphate supplement on body composition in overweight adults: A pilot study. Curr Ther Res 1999;60:220-227.

Arora, R. B., Kapoor, V., Gupta, S. K., and Sharma, R. C. Isolation of a crystalline steroidal compound from Commiphora mukul & its anti-inflammatory activity. Indian J Exp Biol 1971;9(3):403-404. View abstract.

Arora, R. B., Taneja, V., Sharma, R. C., and Gupta, S. K. Anti-inflammatory studies on a crystalline steroid isolated from Commiphora mukul. Indian J Med Res 1972;60(6):929-931. View abstract.

Beg, M., Singhal, K. C., and Afzaal, S. A study of effect of guggulsterone on hyperlipidemia of secondary glomerulopathy. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1996;40(3):237-240. View abstract.

Bhatt, A. D., Dalal, D. G., Shah, S. J., Joshi, B. A., Gajjar, M. N., Vaidya, R. A., Vaidya, A. B., and Antarkar, D. S. Conceptual and methodologic challenges of assessing the short-term efficacy of Guggulu in obesity: data emergent from a naturalistic clinical trial. J Postgrad.Med 1995;41(1):5-7. View abstract.

Bordia, A. and Chuttani, S. K. Effect of gum guggulu on fibrinolysis and platelet adhesiveness in coronary heart disease. Indian J Med Res 1979;70:992-996. View abstract.

Burris, T. P., Montrose, C., Houck, K. A., Osborne, H. E., Bocchinfuso, W. P., Yaden, B. C., Cheng, C. C., Zink, R. W., Barr, R. J., Hepler, C. D., Krishnan, V., Bullock, H. A., Burris, L. L., Galvin, R. J., Bramlett, K., and Stayrook, K. R. The hypolipidemic natural product guggulsterone is a promiscuous steroid receptor ligand. Mol.Pharmacol. 2005;67(3):948-954. View abstract.

Cornick, C. L., Strongitharm, B. H., Sassano, G., Rawlins, C., Mayes, A. E., Joseph, A. N., O'Dowd, J., Stocker, C., Wargent, E., Cawthorne, M. A., Brown, A. L., and Arch, J. R. Identification of a novel agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma that may contribute to the anti-diabetic activity of guggulipid in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. J.Nutr.Biochem. 2009;20(10):806-815. View abstract.

Cui, J., Huang, L., Zhao, A., Lew, J. L., Yu, J., Sahoo, S., Meinke, P. T., Royo, I., Pelaez, F., and Wright, S. D. Guggulsterone is a farnesoid X receptor antagonist in coactivator association assays but acts to enhance transcription of bile salt export pump. J Biol.Chem. 3-21-2003;278(12):10214-10220. View abstract.

Das Gupta RD. Gugulipid: pro-lipaemic effect. J Assoc Physicians India 1990;38(8):598.

Das, Gupta R. Pro-lipidaemic effect. J.Indian Med.Assoc. 1990;88(12):346. View abstract.

Deng, R. Therapeutic effects of guggul and its constituent guggulsterone: cardiovascular benefits. Cardiovasc.Drug Rev. 2007;25(4):375-390. View abstract.

Dogra J, Aneja N, and Saxena VN. Oral gugulipid in acne vulgaris management. Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1990;56(1):381-383.

Duwiejua, M., Zeitlin, I. J., Waterman, P. G., Chapman, J., Mhango, G. J., and Provan, G. J. Anti-inflammatory activity of resins from some species of the plant family Burseraceae. Planta Med 1993;59(1):12-16. View abstract.

Francis, J. A., Raja, S. N., and Nair, M. G. Bioactive terpenoids and guggulusteroids from Commiphora mukul gum resin of potential anti-inflammatory interest. Chem.Biodivers. 2004;1(11):1842-1853. View abstract.

Gaur SP, Garg RK, Kar AM, et al. Gugulipid, a new hypolipidaemic agent, in patients of acute ischaemic stroke: effect on clinical outcome, platelet function and serum lipids. Asia Pacif J Pharm 1997;12:65-69.

Gelfand, J. M., Crawford, G. H., Brod, B. A., and Szazpary, P. O. Adverse cutaneous reactions to guggulipid. J.Am.Acad.Dermatol. 2005;52(3 Pt 1):533-534. View abstract.

Gopal, K., Saran, R. K., Nityanand, S., Gupta, P. P., Hasan, M., Das, S. K., Sinha, N., and Agarwal, S. S. Clinical trial of ethyl acetate extract of gum gugulu (gugulipid) in primary hyperlipidemia. J Assoc Physicians India 1986;34(4):249-251. View abstract.

Gujral ML, Sareen K, Reddy GS, and et al. Endocrinological studies on the oleo resin of gum guggul. Indian J Med Sci 1962;16:847-851.

Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Curr.Pharm.Des 2010;16(26):2935-2947. View abstract.

Ichikawa, H. and Aggarwal, B. B. Guggulsterone inhibits osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and by tumor cells by suppressing nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Clin.Cancer Res. 1-15-2006;12(2):662-668. View abstract.

Jain JP. Clinical assessment of the value of oleo-resin of Commiphora mukul (Guggul) in obesity and hyperlipidemia. ICMR Bull 1980;10:83-84.

Kaul, S. and Kapoor, N. K. Reversal of changes of lipid peroxide, xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase by cardio-protective drugs in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1989;27(7):625-627. View abstract.

Kesava, Reddy G. and Dhar, S. C. Effect of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent on lysosomal stability in adjuvant induced arthritis. Ital J Biochem 1987;36(4):205-217. View abstract.

Kesava, Reddy G., Dhar, S. C., and Singh, G. B. Urinary excretion of connective tissue metabolites under the influence of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent in adjuvant induced arthritis. Agents Actions 1987;22(1-2):99-105. View abstract.

Khanna, D., Sethi, G., Ahn, K. S., Pandey, M. K., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Sung, B., Aggarwal, A., and Aggarwal, B. B. Natural products as a gold mine for arthritis treatment. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2007;7(3):344-351. View abstract.

Kishore P, Devi Das KV, and Banarjee S. Clinical studies on the treatment of Amavata-Rheumatoid arthritis with Sunthi-Guggulu. J Res Ayur Siddha 1982;3(3-4):133-146.

Kolonte, A., Guillot, B., and Raison-Peyron, N. Allergic contact dermatitis to guggul extract contained in an anticellulite gel-cream. Contact Dermatitis 2006;54(4):226-227. View abstract.

Kotiyal JP, Bisht DB, and Singh DS. Double blind cross-over trial of gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) Fraction A in hypercholesterolemia. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1979;14:11-16.

Kotiyal JP, Singh DS, and Bisht DB. Gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) fraction 'A' in obesity -- a double-blind clinical trial. J Res Ayur and Siddha 1985;6(1,3,4):20-35.

Kotiyal JP. Double blind cross over trial of C.mukul (Fraction A) in hypercholesterolaemia and obesity. J Res Ayur Siddha 1980;1(3):355.

Kuppurajan K, Rajagopalan SS, Koteswara Rao T, and et al. Effect of guggulu (Commiphora mukul-Engl) on serum lipids in obese subjects. J Res Indian Med 1973;8(4):1-8.

Mahesh S, Pandit M, and Hakala C. A study of Shuddha Guggulu on rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatism 1981;16(2):54-67.

Majumdar KA. A clinical study of R-Arthritis with A-Compound - a herbal formulation. Rheumatism 1984;19(3):66-74.

Majumdar KA. Role of gum guggulu with gold in rheumatic and other allied disorders. Rheumatism 1984;20(1):9-15.

Manjula, N., Gayathri, B., Vinaykumar, K. S., Shankernarayanan, N. P., Vishwakarma, R. A., and Balakrishnan, A. Inhibition of MAP kinases by crude extract and pure compound isolated from Commiphora mukul leads to down regulation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(2):122-132. View abstract.

Mester, L., Mester, M., and Nityanand, S. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by "guggulu" steroids. Planta Med 1979;37(4):367-369. View abstract.

Miller, A. L. Botanical influences on cardiovascular disease. Altern.Med Rev. 1998;3(6):422-431. View abstract.

Nies, L. K., Cymbala, A. A., Kasten, S. L., Lamprecht, D. G., and Olson, K. L. Complementary and alternative therapies for the management of dyslipidemia. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40(11):1984-1992. View abstract.

No author. Guggulipid supplements for high cholesterol questionable. Mayo Clin.Health Lett. 2004;22(6):4. View abstract.

Nohr, L. A., Rasmussen, L. B., and Straand, J. Resin from the mukul myrrh tree, guggul, can it be used for treating hypercholesterolemia? A randomized, controlled study. Complement Ther.Med. 2009;17(1):16-22. View abstract.

Rahimi, R., Shams-Ardekani, M. R., and Abdollahi, M. A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 9-28-2010;16(36):4504-4514. View abstract.

Saeed, M. A. and Sabir, A. W. Antibacterial activities of some constituents from oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora mukul. Fitoterapia 2004;75(2):204-208. View abstract.

Sahni, S., Hepfinger, C. A., and Sauer, K. A. Guggulipid use in hyperlipidemia: case report and review of the literature. Am.J.Health Syst.Pharm. 8-15-2005;62(16):1690-1692. View abstract.

Salavert, M., Amarger, S., Le Bouedec, M. C., Roger, H., Souteyrand, P., and D'incan, M. Allergic contact dermatitis to guggul in a slimming cream. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(5):286-287. View abstract.

Saxena, G., Singh, S. P., Pal, R., Singh, S., Pratap, R., and Nath, C. Gugulipid, an extract of Commiphora whighitii with lipid-lowering properties, has protective effects against streptozotocin-induced memory deficits in mice. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 2007;86(4):797-805. View abstract.

Shah, R., Gulati, V., and Palombo, E. A. Pharmacological properties of guggulsterones, the major active components of gum guggul. Phytother.Res. 2012;26(11):1594-1605. View abstract.

Sharma K, Puri AS, Sharma R, and et al. Effect of gum guggul on serum lipids in obese subjects. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1976;11(2):132.

Sharma, J. N. and Sharma, J. N. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory activity of Commiphora mukul (an indigenous drug) with those of phenylbutazone and ibuprofen in experimental arthritis induced by mycobacterial adjuvant. Arzneimittelforschung 1977;27(7):1455-1457. View abstract.

Shields, K. M. and Moranville, M. P. Guggul for hypercholesterolemia. Am.J.Health Syst.Pharm. 5-15-2005;62(10):1012-1014. View abstract.

Shishodia, S., Harikumar, K. B., Dass, S., Ramawat, K. G., and Aggarwal, B. B. The guggul for chronic diseases: ancient medicine, modern targets. Anticancer Res. 2008;28(6A):3647-3664. View abstract.

Shishodia, S., Sethi, G., Ahn, K. S., and Aggarwal, B. B. Guggulsterone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces S-phase arrest, and promotes apoptosis through activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, suppression of Akt pathway, and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene products. Biochem.Pharmacol. 6-30-2007;74(1):118-130. View abstract.

Sidhu LS, Sharma K, Puri AS, and et al. Effect of gum guggul on body weight and subcutaneous tissue folds. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1976;11(2):16-22.

Singh K, Chander R, and Kapoor NK. Guggulsterone, a potent hypolipidaemic, prevents oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Phytother Res 1997;11:291-294.

Singh RP, Singh R, Ram P, and et al. Use of Pushkar-Guggul, an indigenous antiischemic combination, in the management of ischemic heart disease. Int J Pharmacog 1993;31(2):147-160.

Singh, B. B., Mishra, L. C., Vinjamury, S. P., Aquilina, N., Singh, V. J., and Shepard, N. The effectiveness of Commiphora mukul for osteoarthritis of the knee: an outcomes study. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2003;9(3):74-79. View abstract.

Singh, B. B., Vinjamury, S. P., Der-Martirosian, C., Kubik, E., Mishra, L. C., Shepard, N. P., Singh, V. J., Meier, M., and Madhu, S. G. Ayurvedic and collateral herbal treatments for hyperlipidemia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Altern.Ther Health Med 2007;13(4):22-28. View abstract.

Singh, G. B. and Atal, C. K. Pharmacology of an extract of salai guggal ex-Boswellia serrata, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Agents Actions 1986;18(3-4):407-412. View abstract.

Singh, S. V., Choi, S., Zeng, Y., Hahm, E. R., and Xiao, D. Guggulsterone-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen intermediate dependent activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Cancer Res. 8-1-2007;67(15):7439-7449. View abstract.

Singh, S. V., Zeng, Y., Xiao, D., Vogel, V. G., Nelson, J. B., Dhir, R., and Tripathi, Y. B. Caspase-dependent apoptosis induction by guggulsterone, a constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by Bax and Bak. Mol.Cancer Ther 2005;4(11):1747-1754. View abstract.

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Tripathi, S. N., Gupta, M., Sen, S. P., and Udupa, K. N. Effect of a keto-steroid of Commifora mukul L. on hypercholesterolemia & hyperlipidemia induced by neomercazole & cholesterol mixture in chicks. Indian J Exp Biol 1975;13(1):15-18. View abstract.

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Tripathi, Y. B., Malhotra, O. P., and Tripathi, S. N. Thyroid stimulating action of Z-guggulsterone obtained from Commiphora mukul. Planta Med 1984;(1):78-80. View abstract.

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Upadhyaya BN, Tripathi SN, and Dwivedi LD. Hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic action of gum guggulu in patients of coronary heart disease. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1976;11(2):1-8.

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Yu, B. Z., Kaimal, R., Bai, S., El Sayed, K. A., Tatulian, S. A., Apitz, R. J., Jain, M. K., Deng, R., and Berg, O. G. Effect of guggulsterone and cembranoids of Commiphora mukul on pancreatic phospholipase A(2): role in hypocholesterolemia. J.Nat.Prod. 2009;72(1):24-28. View abstract.

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Antonio J, Colker CM, Torina GC, et al. Effects of a standardized guggulsterone phosphate supplement on body composition in overweight adults: a pilot study. Curr Ther Res 1999;60:220-7.

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Bianchi A, Cantu P, Firenzuoli F, et al. Rhabdomyolysis caused by Commiphora mukul, a natural lipid-lowering agent. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:1222-5. View abstract.

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Dalvi SS, Nayak VK, Pohujani SM, et al. Effect of gugulipid on bioavailability of diltiazem and propranolol. J Assoc Phys India 1994;42:454-5. View abstract.

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Gelfand JM, Crawford GH, Brod BA, Szazpary PO. Adverse cutaneous reactions to guggulipid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:533-4

Ghorai M, Mandal SC, Pal M, et al. A comparative study on hypocholesterolaemic effect of allicin, whole germinated seeds of bengal gram and guggulipid of gum gugglu. Phytother.Res 2000;14:200-2. View abstract.

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Kuppurajan K, Rajagopalan SS, Rao TK, Sitaraman R. Effect of guggulu (Commiphora mukul--Engl.) on serum lipids in obese, hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipemic cases. J Assoc Physicians India 1978;26:367-373. View abstract.

Malhotra SC, Ahuja MM, Sundaram KR. Long term clinical studies on the hypolipidaemic effect of Commiphora mukul (Guggulu) and clofibrate. Indian J Med Res 1977;65:390-5. View abstract.

Malhotra SC, Ahuja MM. Comparative hypolipidaemic effectiveness of gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) fraction 'A', ethyl-P-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and Ciba-13437-Su. Indian J Med Res 1971;59:1621-1632. View abstract.

Mehdi Z, Fatemeh P, Roja R, et al. Efficacy and safety of Hemoheal cream in patients with hemorrhoids: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. J Tradit Chin Med 2021;41(2):301-307. View abstract.

Mester L, Mester M, Nityanand S. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by "guggulu" steroids. Planta Med 1979;37:367-9. View abstract.

Nityanand S, Srivastava JS, Asthana OP. Clinical trials with gugulipid. A new hypolipidaemic agent. J Assoc Phys India 1989;37:323-8. View abstract.

Panda S, Kar A. Gugulu (Commiphora mukul) induces triiodothyronine production: possible involvement of lipid peroxidation. Life Sci 1999;65:PL137-41. View abstract.

Rezaei AA, Salehi I, Karimi SA, Rahnama M. The effects of Commiphora mukul extract on spermatogenesis and testosterone levels in male diabetic rats. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2020;47(1):34-41. View abstract.

Singh BB, Mishra L, Aquilina N, Kohlbeck F. Usefulness of guggul (Commiphora mukul) for osteoarthritis of the knee: An experimental case study. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:120,112-4. View abstract.

Singh RB, Niaz MA, Ghosh S. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Commiphora mukul as an adjunct to dietary therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994;8:659-64. View abstract.

Singh V, Kaul S, Chander R, Kapoor NK. Stimulation of low density lipoprotein receptor activity in liver membrane of guggulsterone treated rats. Pharmacol Res 1990;22:37-44. View abstract.

Szapary PO, Wolfe ML, Bloedon LT, et al. Guggulipid for treatment of hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:765-72. View abstract.

Thappa DM, Dogra J. Nodulocystic acne: oral gugulipid versus tetracycline. J Dermatol 1994;21:729-31. View abstract.

Tripathi SN, Upadhyay BN. A clinical trial of Commiphora mukul in the patients of ischaemic heart disease. J Mol and Cell Cardiol 1978;10(suppl 1):124.

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