GUGGUL - Uses, Side Effects, And More - WebMD

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Singh, B. B., Vinjamury, S. P., Der-Martirosian, C., Kubik, E., Mishra, L. C., Shepard, N. P., Singh, V. J., Meier, M., and Madhu, S. G. Ayurvedic and collateral herbal treatments for hyperlipidemia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Altern.Ther Health Med 2007;13(4):22-28.

Nohr, L. A., Rasmussen, L. B., and Straand, J. Resin from the mukul myrrh tree, guggul, can it be used for treating hypercholesterolemia? A randomized, controlled study. Complement Ther.Med. 2009;17(1):16-22.

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Tripathi, S. N., Gupta, M., Sen, S. P., and Udupa, K. N. Effect of a keto-steroid of Commifora mukul L. on hypercholesterolemia & hyperlipidemia induced by neomercazole & cholesterol mixture in chicks. Indian J Exp Biol 1975;13(1):15-18.

Urizar, N. L., Liverman, A. B., Dodds, D. T., Silva, F. V., Ordentlich, P., Yan, Y., Gonzalez, F. J., Heyman, R. A., Mangelsdorf, D. J., and Moore, D. D. A natural product that lowers cholesterol as an antagonist ligand for FXR. Science 5-31-2002;296(5573):1703-1706.

Wu, J., Xia, C., Meier, J., Li, S., Hu, X., and Lala, D. S. The hypolipidemic natural product guggulsterone acts as an antagonist of the bile acid receptor. Mol.Endocrinol. 2002;16(7):1590-1597.

Cui, J., Huang, L., Zhao, A., Lew, J. L., Yu, J., Sahoo, S., Meinke, P. T., Royo, I., Pelaez, F., and Wright, S. D. Guggulsterone is a farnesoid X receptor antagonist in coactivator association assays but acts to enhance transcription of bile salt export pump. J Biol.Chem. 3-21-2003;278(12):10214-10220.

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Singh, B. B., Mishra, L. C., Vinjamury, S. P., Aquilina, N., Singh, V. J., and Shepard, N. The effectiveness of Commiphora mukul for osteoarthritis of the knee: an outcomes study. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2003;9(3):74-79.

Saeed, M. A. and Sabir, A. W. Antibacterial activities of some constituents from oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora mukul. Fitoterapia 2004;75(2):204-208.

No author. Guggulipid supplements for high cholesterol questionable. Mayo Clin.Health Lett. 2004;22(6):4.

Burris, T. P., Montrose, C., Houck, K. A., Osborne, H. E., Bocchinfuso, W. P., Yaden, B. C., Cheng, C. C., Zink, R. W., Barr, R. J., Hepler, C. D., Krishnan, V., Bullock, H. A., Burris, L. L., Galvin, R. J., Bramlett, K., and Stayrook, K. R. The hypolipidemic natural product guggulsterone is a promiscuous steroid receptor ligand. Mol.Pharmacol. 2005;67(3):948-954.

Gelfand, J. M., Crawford, G. H., Brod, B. A., and Szazpary, P. O. Adverse cutaneous reactions to guggulipid. J.Am.Acad.Dermatol. 2005;52(3 Pt 1):533-534.

Shields, K. M. and Moranville, M. P. Guggul for hypercholesterolemia. Am.J.Health Syst.Pharm. 5-15-2005;62(10):1012-1014.

Sahni, S., Hepfinger, C. A., and Sauer, K. A. Guggulipid use in hyperlipidemia: case report and review of the literature. Am.J.Health Syst.Pharm. 8-15-2005;62(16):1690-1692.

Singh, S. V., Zeng, Y., Xiao, D., Vogel, V. G., Nelson, J. B., Dhir, R., and Tripathi, Y. B. Caspase-dependent apoptosis induction by guggulsterone, a constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by Bax and Bak. Mol.Cancer Ther 2005;4(11):1747-1754.

Ulbricht, C., Basch, E., Szapary, P., Hammerness, P., Axentsev, S., Boon, H., Kroll, D., Garraway, L., Vora, M., and Woods, J. Guggul for hyperlipidemia: a review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Complement Ther.Med. 2005;13(4):279-290.

Manjula, N., Gayathri, B., Vinaykumar, K. S., Shankernarayanan, N. P., Vishwakarma, R. A., and Balakrishnan, A. Inhibition of MAP kinases by crude extract and pure compound isolated from Commiphora mukul leads to down regulation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(2):122-132.

Ichikawa, H. and Aggarwal, B. B. Guggulsterone inhibits osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and by tumor cells by suppressing nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Clin.Cancer Res. 1-15-2006;12(2):662-668.

Kolonte, A., Guillot, B., and Raison-Peyron, N. Allergic contact dermatitis to guggul extract contained in an anticellulite gel-cream. Contact Dermatitis 2006;54(4):226-227.

Nies, L. K., Cymbala, A. A., Kasten, S. L., Lamprecht, D. G., and Olson, K. L. Complementary and alternative therapies for the management of dyslipidemia. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40(11):1984-1992.

Francis, J. A., Raja, S. N., and Nair, M. G. Bioactive terpenoids and guggulusteroids from Commiphora mukul gum resin of potential anti-inflammatory interest. Chem.Biodivers. 2004;1(11):1842-1853.

Salavert, M., Amarger, S., Le Bouedec, M. C., Roger, H., Souteyrand, P., and D'incan, M. Allergic contact dermatitis to guggul in a slimming cream. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(5):286-287.

Shishodia, S., Sethi, G., Ahn, K. S., and Aggarwal, B. B. Guggulsterone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces S-phase arrest, and promotes apoptosis through activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, suppression of Akt pathway, and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene products. Biochem.Pharmacol. 6-30-2007;74(1):118-130.

Khanna, D., Sethi, G., Ahn, K. S., Pandey, M. K., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Sung, B., Aggarwal, A., and Aggarwal, B. B. Natural products as a gold mine for arthritis treatment. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2007;7(3):344-351.

Saxena, G., Singh, S. P., Pal, R., Singh, S., Pratap, R., and Nath, C. Gugulipid, an extract of Commiphora whighitii with lipid-lowering properties, has protective effects against streptozotocin-induced memory deficits in mice. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 2007;86(4):797-805.

Singh, S. V., Choi, S., Zeng, Y., Hahm, E. R., and Xiao, D. Guggulsterone-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen intermediate dependent activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Cancer Res. 8-1-2007;67(15):7439-7449.

Deng, R. Therapeutic effects of guggul and its constituent guggulsterone: cardiovascular benefits. Cardiovasc.Drug Rev. 2007;25(4):375-390.

Cornick, C. L., Strongitharm, B. H., Sassano, G., Rawlins, C., Mayes, A. E., Joseph, A. N., O'Dowd, J., Stocker, C., Wargent, E., Cawthorne, M. A., Brown, A. L., and Arch, J. R. Identification of a novel agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma that may contribute to the anti-diabetic activity of guggulipid in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. J.Nutr.Biochem. 2009;20(10):806-815.

Yu, B. Z., Kaimal, R., Bai, S., El Sayed, K. A., Tatulian, S. A., Apitz, R. J., Jain, M. K., Deng, R., and Berg, O. G. Effect of guggulsterone and cembranoids of Commiphora mukul on pancreatic phospholipase A(2): role in hypocholesterolemia. J.Nat.Prod. 2009;72(1):24-28.

Shishodia, S., Harikumar, K. B., Dass, S., Ramawat, K. G., and Aggarwal, B. B. The guggul for chronic diseases: ancient medicine, modern targets. Anticancer Res. 2008;28(6A):3647-3664.

Grieco, A., Miele, L., Pompili, M., Biolato, M., Vecchio, F. M., Grattagliano, I., and Gasbarrini, G. Acute hepatitis caused by a natural lipid-lowering product: when "alternative" medicine is no "alternative" at all. J Hepatol 2009;50(6):1273-1277.

Das, Gupta R. Pro-lipidaemic effect. J.Indian Med.Assoc. 1990;88(12):346.

Rahimi, R., Shams-Ardekani, M. R., and Abdollahi, M. A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 9-28-2010;16(36):4504-4514.

Shah, R., Gulati, V., and Palombo, E. A. Pharmacological properties of guggulsterones, the major active components of gum guggul. Phytother.Res. 2012;26(11):1594-1605.

Tripathi, S. N., Upadhyay, B. N., Sharma, S. D., Gupta, V. K., and Tripathi. Role of pushkara guggulu in the management of ischaemic heart disease. Anc.Sci.Life 1984;4(1):9-19.

Almazari, I. and Surh, Y. J. Cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of guggulsterone. Top.Curr.Chem. 2013;329:35-60.

Kaul, S. and Kapoor, N. K. Reversal of changes of lipid peroxide, xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase by cardio-protective drugs in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1989;27(7):625-627.

Verma SK, Bordia A. Effect of Commiphora mukul (gum guggulu) in patients of hyperlipidemia with special reference to HDL-cholesterol. Indian J Med Res 1988;87:356-360.

Gopal, K., Saran, R. K., Nityanand, S., Gupta, P. P., Hasan, M., Das, S. K., Sinha, N., and Agarwal, S. S. Clinical trial of ethyl acetate extract of gum gugulu (gugulipid) in primary hyperlipidemia. J Assoc Physicians India 1986;34(4):249-251.

Bordia, A. and Chuttani, S. K. Effect of gum guggulu on fibrinolysis and platelet adhesiveness in coronary heart disease. Indian J Med Res 1979;70:992-996.

Arora, R. B., Taneja, V., Sharma, R. C., and Gupta, S. K. Anti-inflammatory studies on a crystalline steroid isolated from Commiphora mukul. Indian J Med Res 1972;60(6):929-931.

Arora, R. B., Kapoor, V., Gupta, S. K., and Sharma, R. C. Isolation of a crystalline steroidal compound from Commiphora mukul & its anti-inflammatory activity. Indian J Exp Biol 1971;9(3):403-404.

Malhotra SC, Ahuja MM. Comparative hypolipidaemic effectiveness of gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) fraction 'A', ethyl-P-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and Ciba-13437-Su. Indian J Med Res 1971;59:1621-1632.

Mester, L., Mester, M., and Nityanand, S. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by "guggulu" steroids. Planta Med 1979;37(4):367-369.

Sharma, J. N. and Sharma, J. N. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory activity of Commiphora mukul (an indigenous drug) with those of phenylbutazone and ibuprofen in experimental arthritis induced by mycobacterial adjuvant. Arzneimittelforschung 1977;27(7):1455-1457.

Tripathi, Y. B., Malhotra, O. P., and Tripathi, S. N. Thyroid stimulating action of Z-guggulsterone obtained from Commiphora mukul. Planta Med 1984;(1):78-80.

Kuppurajan K, Rajagopalan SS, Rao TK, Sitaraman R. Effect of guggulu (Commiphora mukul--Engl.) on serum lipids in obese, hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipemic cases. J Assoc Physicians India 1978;26:367-373.

Duwiejua, M., Zeitlin, I. J., Waterman, P. G., Chapman, J., Mhango, G. J., and Provan, G. J. Anti-inflammatory activity of resins from some species of the plant family Burseraceae. Planta Med 1993;59(1):12-16.

Beg, M., Singhal, K. C., and Afzaal, S. A study of effect of guggulsterone on hyperlipidemia of secondary glomerulopathy. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1996;40(3):237-240.

Kotiyal JP, Bisht DB, and Singh DS. Double blind cross-over trial of gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) Fraction A in hypercholesterolemia. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1979;14:11-16.

Kotiyal JP, Singh DS, and Bisht DB. Gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) fraction 'A' in obesity -- a double-blind clinical trial. J Res Ayur and Siddha 1985;6(1,3,4):20-35.

Gaur SP, Garg RK, Kar AM, et al. Gugulipid, a new hypolipidaemic agent, in patients of acute ischaemic stroke: effect on clinical outcome, platelet function and serum lipids. Asia Pacif J Pharm 1997;12:65-69.

Singh K, Chander R, and Kapoor NK. Guggulsterone, a potent hypolipidaemic, prevents oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Phytother Res 1997;11:291-294.

Baldwa VS, Sharma RC, Ranka PC, et al. Effect of Commiphora mukul (guggul) on fibrinolytic activity and platelet aggregation in coronary artery disease. Rajas Med J 1980;19:84-86.

Dogra J, Aneja N, and Saxena VN. Oral gugulipid in acne vulgaris management. Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1990;56(1):381-383.

Kuppurajan K, Rajagopalan SS, Koteswara Rao T, and et al. Effect of guggulu (Commiphora mukul-Engl) on serum lipids in obese subjects. J Res Indian Med 1973;8(4):1-8.

Tripathi SN, Upadhyay BN. A clinical trial of Commiphora mukul in the patients of ischaemic heart disease. J Mol and Cell Cardiol 1978;10(suppl 1):124.

Jain JP. Clinical assessment of the value of oleo-resin of Commiphora mukul (Guggul) in obesity and hyperlipidemia. ICMR Bull 1980;10:83-84.

Upadhyaya BN, Tripathi SN, and Dwivedi LD. Hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic action of gum guggulu in patients of coronary heart disease. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1976;11(2):1-8.

Sidhu LS, Sharma K, Puri AS, and et al. Effect of gum guggul on body weight and subcutaneous tissue folds. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1976;11(2):16-22.

Mahesh S, Pandit M, and Hakala C. A study of Shuddha Guggulu on rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatism 1981;16(2):54-67.

Kishore P, Devi Das KV, and Banarjee S. Clinical studies on the treatment of Amavata-Rheumatoid arthritis with Sunthi-Guggulu. J Res Ayur Siddha 1982;3(3-4):133-146.

Majumdar KA. Role of gum guggulu with gold in rheumatic and other allied disorders. Rheumatism 1984;20(1):9-15.

Majumdar KA. A clinical study of R-Arthritis with A-Compound - a herbal formulation. Rheumatism 1984;19(3):66-74.

Sosa S, Tubaro R, Della Loggia R, and et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of Commiphora mukul extracts. Pharmacol Res 1993;27(suppl 1):89-90.

Gujral ML, Sareen K, Reddy GS, and et al. Endocrinological studies on the oleo resin of gum guggul. Indian J Med Sci 1962;16:847-851.

Sharma K, Puri AS, Sharma R, and et al. Effect of gum guggul on serum lipids in obese subjects. J Res Indian Med Yoga Hom 1976;11(2):132.

Antonio J, Colker CM, Torina GC, and et al. Effects of a standardized guggulsterone phosphate supplement on body composition in overweight adults: A pilot study. Curr Ther Res 1999;60:220-227.

Singh RP, Singh R, Ram P, and et al. Use of Pushkar-Guggul, an indigenous antiischemic combination, in the management of ischemic heart disease. Int J Pharmacog 1993;31(2):147-160.

Das Gupta RD. Gugulipid: pro-lipaemic effect. J Assoc Physicians India 1990;38(8):598.

Kotiyal JP. Double blind cross over trial of C.mukul (Fraction A) in hypercholesterolaemia and obesity. J Res Ayur Siddha 1980;1(3):355.

Rezaei AA, Salehi I, Karimi SA, Rahnama M. The effects of Commiphora mukul extract on spermatogenesis and testosterone levels in male diabetic rats. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2020;47(1):34-41.

Donato F, Raffetti E, Toninelli G, Festa A, Scarcella C, Castellano M; TRIGU Project Working Group. Guggulu and Triphala for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomised Trial. Complement Med Res 2021;28(3):216-225.

Mehdi Z, Fatemeh P, Roja R, et al. Efficacy and safety of Hemoheal cream in patients with hemorrhoids: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. J Tradit Chin Med 2021;41(2):301-307.

Asad M, Asdaq SMB, Mohzari Y, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of Rosuvastatin calcium with guggulipid extract in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021;28(6):3490-3496.

Hedaoo M, Patil-Bhole T, Sharma R, Mahajan M. Exploratory quasi-experimental study of anti-arthritic activity of ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, Abha Guggulu in osteoarthritis patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023.