H64: Using The Title Attribute Of The Frame And Iframe Elements

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Techniques for WCAG 2.0

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- H64: Using the title attribute of the frame and iframe elements

Important Information about Techniques

See Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria for important information about the usage of these informative techniques and how they relate to the normative WCAG 2.0 success criteria. The Applicability section explains the scope of the technique, and the presence of techniques for a specific technology does not imply that the technology can be used in all situations to create content that meets WCAG 2.0.

Applicability

HTML and XHTML documents that use frames or iframes

This technique relates to:

  • Success Criterion 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks)
    • How to Meet 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks)
    • Understanding Success Criterion 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks)

    Note: This technique must be combined with other techniques to meet SC 2.4.1. See Understanding SC 2.4.1 for details.

  • Success Criterion 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value)
    • How to Meet 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value)
    • Understanding Success Criterion 4.1.2 (Name, Role, Value)

User Agent and Assistive Technology Support Notes

See User Agent Support Notes for H64.

Description

The objective of this technique is to demonstrate the use of the title attribute of the frame or iframe element to describe the contents of each frame. This provides a label for the frame so users can determine which frame to enter and explore in detail. It does not label the individual page (frame) or inline frame (iframe) in the frameset.

Note that the title attribute labels frames, and is different from the title element which labels documents. Both should be provided, since the first facilitates navigation among frames and the second clarifies the user's current location.

The title attribute is not interchangeable with the name attribute. The title labels the frame for users; the name labels it for scripting and window targeting. The name is not presented to the user, only the title is.

In HTML5 the frame element is marked as obsolete. The iframe element remains part of the HTML5 specification.

Examples

Example 1

This example shows how to use the title attribute with frame to describe the frames containing the navigation bar and the document.

Example Code:

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>A simple frameset document</title> </head> <frameset cols="10%, 90%"> <frame src="nav.html" title="Main menu" /> <frame src="doc.html" title="Documents" /> <noframes> <body> <a href="lib.html" title="Library link">Select to go to the electronic library</a> </body> </noframes> </frameset> </html>

Example 2

This example shows how to use the title attribute with iframe to describe the contents of an inline frame. The example also includes an alternative link to the page included by the iframe element for older browsers, which may not understand the iframeelement.

Example Code:

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>A document using iframe</title> </head> ... <iframe src="banner-ad.html" id="testiframe" name="testiframe" title="Advertisement"> <a href="banner-ad.html">Advertisement</a> </iframe> ... </html>

Resources

Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.

  • HTML 4.01 FRAME element

  • HTML 4.0.1 Inline frames: the IFRAME element

  • Accessible Navigation, "Implementing Frame Titles"

Tests

Procedure

  1. Check each frame and iframe element in the HTML or XHTML source code for the presence of a title attribute.

  2. Check that the title attribute contains text that identifies the frame.

Expected Results

  • Checks #1 and #2 are true.

If this is a sufficient technique for a success criterion, failing this test procedure does not necessarily mean that the success criterion has not been satisfied in some other way, only that this technique has not been successfully implemented and can not be used to claim conformance.

This Web page is part of Techniques and Failures for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (see the latest version of this document). The entire document is also available as a single HTML file. See the The WCAG 2.0 Documents for an explanation of how this document fits in with other Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 documents. To send public comments, please follow the Instructions for Commenting on WCAG 2.0 Documents.

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