Hainanese Chicken Rice - Wikipedia

Southeast Asian rice and chicken dish This article is about the dish. For the 2004 Singaporean film alternatively titled Hainan Chicken Rice, see Rice Rhapsody. Hainanese chicken rice

Hainanese chicken rice at a Singaporean food court
Alternative names	Hainan chicken, Chicken rice, Hainan Chicken Rice, Nasi Ayam, Khao man gai, Khao man kai
Region or state	Regions of Southeast Asia with Chinese populations[1][2][3]
Associated cuisine	Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia
Main ingredients	Chicken, chicken stock, chicken fat, rice, cucumbers
Food energy(per serving)	670 kcal (2,800 kJ)
Media: Hainanese chicken rice

Hainanese chicken rice
Traditional Chinese	海南雞飯
Simplified Chinese	海南鸡饭
Literal meaning	Hainan chicken rice
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Hǎinán jīfàn Hakka Romanization hoi nam gai fan Yue: Cantonese Jyutping hoi2 naam4 gai1 faan6 Southern Min Hokkien POJ hái-lâm-kue-pn̄g, hái-lâm-ke-pn̄g

Hainanese chicken rice is a dish of poached chicken and seasoned rice, served with chilli sauce and usually with cucumber garnishes.[4] It was created by immigrants from Hainan in southern China and adapted from the Hainanese dishes of Wenchang chicken and Wenchang chicken rice.[5][6]

It is widely considered one of the national dishes of Singapore,[7][8] and is most commonly associated with Singaporean cuisine,[9] being widely available in most food courts and hawker centres around the country.[8] Variants of the dish can also be seen throughout Southeast Asia where Hainanese people settled, particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, where it remains a culinary staple.

History

[edit]

Hainanese chicken rice is a dish adapted from early Chinese immigrants originally from Hainan province in southern China.[1] It is based on a well-known Hainanese dish called Wenchang chicken, which is one of four important Hainan dishes dating to the Qing dynasty.[10] The original dish was adapted by the Hainanese overseas Chinese population in the Nanyang area (present-day Southeast Asia).[11][12][13][14][15] The Hainanese in China traditionally used a specific breed, the Wenchang chicken, to make the dish.[1] They would usually cook rice with the leftover chicken stock to create a dish known as "Wenchang chicken rice" (文昌鸡饭).[5] Wenchang chicken rice remained a dish for special occasions in Hainanese homes in Singapore until the 1940s.[6]

There is a shared culture of seasoned rice dishes across Hainan and the Leizhou peninsula. Wenchang chicken rice is closely related to another chicken rice dish known as Anpu chicken rice (安铺鸡饭) from Zhanjiang in western Guangdong province, and Anpu chicken rice is speculated to be the predecessor to Wenchang chicken rice.[16][17][18] The city of Zhanjiang is also known for its wild betel rice (蛤蒌饭)[19] and duck rice (鸭仔饭).[20]

Almost every country in Asia with a history of immigration from China has a version of Hainanese chicken rice.[10] The San Francisco Chronicle says, "the dish maps 150 years' immigration from China's Hainan Island...to Singapore and Malaysia, where the dish is often known as Hainan chicken rice; to Vietnam, where it is called "Hai Nam chicken"; and to Thailand, where it has been renamed khao man gai ("chicken fat rice")."[12][21]

When it comes to the history of Wenchang chicken, according to the records of Lin Zhemin from the Livestock and Veterinary Research Institute of Hainan Province, it has long been a delicacy used by local officials and people to entertain guests. According to the Hainan Chamber of Commerce, it is said that during the Ming Dynasty, a Wenchang native served in the imperial court and brought Wenchang chicken back from his hometown to entertain members of the royal family during the Lunar New Year. As they tasted it, the royals praised, "This chicken hails from the land of culture, where talents gather and the culture flourishes. The chicken is also delicious and fragrant, truly deserving the name Wenchang chicken!"

Additionally, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, there were several large banyan trees in Wenchang, which bore seeds all year round. The chickens pecked at these seeds and became plump and delicious, contributing to the reputation of Wenchang chicken's deliciousness. The earliest mention can be found in the Qing Dynasty book "Lingnan Miscellaneous Poems", which states, "There is a kind of hen in Wenchang County that tastes as good as a rooster."

Based on historical records and inference, Wenchang chicken was introduced to Hainan Island, specifically Wenchang County, around the early 1600s during the Ming Dynasty, along with mainland immigrants, and was cultivated in this unique natural environment. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, there was already a tradition of raising Wenchang chickens in rural areas of Wenchang. It was mainly used as a delicacy for festivals, entertaining guests, and giving gifts. After the revolution in China in 1949, it was still difficult to buy or eat Wenchang chicken in the market or restaurants.

According to a 2006 study in "Meat Research", Wenchang chicken is a high-quality chicken breed in Hainan with a history of over 400 years and is one of the four famous dishes of Hainan. In the 1980s, due to the impact of foreign chicken breeds, Wenchang chicken was once on the brink of extinction.[22]

Controversy over origin

[edit]

In a debate that stretches back decades to 1965, when the two countries split, Malaysia and Singapore have both laid claim to inventing the dish.[23][24]

In 2009, Malaysian Tourism Minister Ng Yen Yen said that Hainanese chicken rice was "uniquely Malaysian" and had been "hijacked" by other countries.[25][26][27] Ng later clarified that she was misquoted on her intention to patent the foods, and that a study on the origins of the foods would be conducted "and an apology conveyed if it was wrongly claimed."[28]

In 2018, then Malaysian Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng joked that Singapore claimed "chicken rice is theirs (and) if we're not careful, 'char koay teow' will become theirs" one day.[23][24]

The debate has been described as an example of gastronationalism.[29]

Reception

[edit]

Catherine Ling of CNN called Hainanese chicken rice one of the "40 Singapore foods we can't live without".[30] It was listed as one of the "World's 50 best foods" by CNN in 2018.[31] David Farley of the BBC called it "the dish worth the 15-hour flight" and said it was "deceptively simple – which is good, because on paper it sounds awfully boring."[32] Saveur called it "one of the most beloved culinary exports of Southeast Asia."[33]

Variations

[edit]

Malaysia

[edit]

In Malaysia, nasi ayam (lit. "chicken rice" in Bahasa Melayu) is "a culinary staple"[34] and a popular street food, particularly in Ipoh, a center of Hainanese immigration.[35]

The general term nasi ayam can refer to multiple variations including roasted and fried chicken, can be served with a variety of sauces including barbecue, and can be accompanied by a variety of side dishes including steamed rice rather than seasoned 'oily' rice, soup, or chicken offal.[36]

In Malacca and Muar, the rice is served in balls rather than in bowls; this dish is commonly known as Chicken rice balls. Steamed rice is shaped into golf ball-sized orbs and served alongside the chopped chicken.[36][37]

Singapore

[edit]

In Singapore, the dish was born out of frugality, created by servant-class immigrants trying to utilise limited sources to its maximum. An old hen which had passed its eggs laying years would be slaughtered to be cooked into broth and rice to extract the chicken flavour.[32]

The first chicken rice restaurants opened in Singapore during Japanese occupation in World War II, when the British were forced out and their Hainanese servants lost their source of income. One of the first was Yet Con, which opened in the early 1940s.[32] There were also sources stating that Wang Yiyuan, a street hawker first started selling "chicken rice balls wrapped in banana leaves" in Singapore during the 1920s.[38][2][39] The dish was popularised in Singapore in the 1950s by Moh Lee Twee, whose Swee Kee Chicken Rice Restaurant operated from 1947 to 1997.[40] Hong Kong food critic Chua Lam credits Moh with the creation of the dish.[1]

Hainanese chicken rice is considered one of Singapore's national dishes.[21][11][15] It is eaten "everywhere, every day" in Singapore[15] and is a "ubiquitous sight in hawker centres across the country".[11] The chicken is typically served with seasoned rice, with chilli sauce and usually with cucumber garnishes.[41] While most commonly associated with Singaporean cuisine, the dish is also seen throughout Southeast Asia and in parts of the United States,[42][15] where the dish is named "Singapore chicken rice" in some places.[43] The dish is widely popular in Singapore and can be found in hawker centres, restaurants and hotels.[11]

The chicken is prepared in accordance with traditional Hainanese methods, which involve poaching the entire chicken at sub-boiling temperatures to both cook the chicken and produce the stock. The chicken is dipped in ice after cooking to produce a jelly-like skin finishing and hung to dry.[32]

The stock is skimmed of fat and some of the fat and liquid, along with ginger, garlic, and pandan leaves, are used in the cooking of the rice, producing an oily, flavourful rice sometimes known as "oily rice".[32] In Singapore "the most important part of chicken rice is not the chicken, but the rice."[32]

The dish is served with a dipping sauce of freshly minced red chilli and garlic, usually accompanied with dark soy sauce and freshly ground ginger. Fresh cucumber boiled in the chicken broth and light soy sauce with a dash of sesame oil is served with the chicken, which is usually served at room temperature.[21][32] Some stalls may also serve nonya achar as an additional side.[38]

Thailand

[edit]

Hainanese chicken rice is a common dish in Thailand where it is called khao man kai (Thai: ข้าวมันไก่, pronounced [kʰâːwmānkàj]), literally meaning "chicken oily rice". The chickens used in Thailand for this dish are usually free range chickens of local breeds, resulting in a leaner and tastier texture; however, meat from chickens of large scale poultry farms is increasingly being used.[44] Khao man kai is served with a garnish of cucumbers and occasionally chicken blood tofu and fresh coriander, along with a bowl of nam sup, a clear chicken broth which often contains sliced daikon. The accompanying sauce is most often made with tauchu (also known as yellow soybean paste), thick soy sauce, chilli, ginger, garlic and vinegar.[45]

One famous Bangkok neighbourhood for Khao man kai is Pratunam in Ratchathewi district, located near to Platinum Fashion Mall, CentralWorld and Ratchaprasong Intersection.[46] A restaurant in Pratunam received Bib Gourmand awards from the 2018 Michelin Guide.[47] Khao man kai is also well known in other areas, including Pracha Chuen,[48] Yaowarat[49] and Phasi Charoen near Bang Wa BTS station and Phyathai 3 Hospital[50] including various places are Thanon Tok near Rama III Bridge,[51] Thong Lor on Sukhumvit Road, Wat Suthiwararam School, Yan Nawa, Bang Kapi, Wat Saket, and Saphan Kwai neighbourhoods.[52][53]

Vietnam

[edit]

The dish is known as Cơm Gà Hải Nam in Vietnamese, and is common in South Vietnam.

Cambodia

[edit]

In Cambodia, the dish is known as bay moan (បាយមាន់) in Khmer,[54] which translates to "chicken rice". An assortment of pickled vegetables is served alongside as a street food. Its origins can be traced back to the 17th century, where it is believed to have been introduced by Hokkien and Hainanese immigrants.[55]

In popular culture

[edit]

• Khao man kai is a 1998 Ruangsak "James" Loychusak single. Loychusak's grandmother sold Khao man kai in his native Nakhon Si Thammarat.[56]
• Rice Rhapsody (alternative title Hainan Chicken Rice) is a 2004 Singaporean comedy set in a successful chicken rice restaurant in Singapore's Chinatown.[57][citation needed]
• Chicken Rice War is a 2000 Singaporean romantic comedy adaptation of Romeo and Juliet featuring two rival chicken rice hawker families whose children fall in love.[58]
• Hainanese chicken rice was featured on the Netflix TV series Street Food in season 1.[59]
• Hainanese chicken rice was featured on the 2025 TV Anime Series Mobile Suit Gundam GQuuuuuuX.[citation needed] However, Hainanese chicken rice also been trending on Japanese Twitter (X) in Hashtag #Khaomankai (カオマンガイ).

See also

[edit]

• Wenchang chicken
• Laksa
• Peranakan cuisine
• Chinese Indonesian cuisine

References

[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hainanese chicken rice.

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v t e Rice dishes
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Europe	Arroz a la cubana Arancini Arròs negre Arròs a banda Kedgeree Nasischijf Paella Rijsttafel Risalamande Risotto Riz Casimir Supplì Three-in-One
Africa	Banga rice Concoction rice Jollof rice Koshary Ofada rice Thieboudienne
West Asia	Bukhari Kabsa Kateh Kushari Lâpa Mandi Mansaf Maqluba Mujaddara Orez Shu'it Pilaf Sabzi polo Saleeg Sütlaç Tahdig Tahri Zerde
Central Asia	Plov Osh
South Asia	Baji Biryani Bisi Bele Bath Bora saul Chaaler Payesh Chitranna Chirha Chungapura Pitha Coconut rice Curd rice Congee Dosa Daal Bhaat Diyabath Galho Idiyappam Idli Jaa Jeera rice Jhalmuri Kabuli pulaw Khichdi Kori rotti Payesh/Payasam Murhi Kiribath Lamprais Kaha bath Nasi goreng Neer dosa Paniyaram Pakistani rice dishes Panta bhat Pulao Pittu Poha Pongal Pulihora Puliyogare Rice and curry Sevai Soft Khichuri Zafran Bhaat
East Asia	China Boluo fan Baked pork chop rice Claypot chicken rice Erkuai Fried rice Gaifan Guoba Hokkien fried rice Migan Mixian Minced pork rice Rice noodle roll Siu mei rice Sticky rice Yangzhou fried rice Zongzi Japan Agemochi Botamochi Chahan Chazuke Chūkadon Donburi Doria Gyūdon Hayashi rice Hitsumabushi Ichijū-sansai Ikameshi Japanese curry Kamameshi Kankoro Karukan Katemeshi Katsudon Keihan Kiritanpo Mochi Moffle Okayu Omurice Onigiri Oyakodon Rice burger Senbei Sushi Taco rice Takikomi gohan Tamago kake gohan Tekkadon Uirō Unadon Yakimochi Zosui Korea Bap Bibimbap Bokkeum-bap Garae-tteok Gimbap Gyeongdan Heotjesatbap Hobak-juk Hoe-deopbap Injeolmi Jatjuk Jeonbok-juk Kimchi bokkeumbap Kongbap Nurungji Ogok-bap Sundae Tarak-juk Tteok Yaksik Taiwan Bí-hún Bí-pang Bí-tâi-ba̍k Chiayi turkey rice Chicken wing rice roll Donfan Fried rice Glutinous rice Tangyuan Khong bah png Kuih Lo bah png Milkfish congee Misua Mochi Sticky rice Ti hoeh koe Tube rice pudding Wa Gui [zh] Zongzi
Southeast Asia	Brunei,MalaysiaandSingapore Angku Apam Bakcang Banana leaf rice Bubur ayam Burasa Chwee kueh Claypot chicken rice Dodol Duck rice Economy rice Hainanese chicken rice Hainanese curry rice Kelupis Ketupat Lamban Lemang Pulut panggang Lontong Moci Nasi ambeng Nasi beriani Nasi campur Nasi dagang Nasi goreng Nasi goreng pattaya Nasi kandar Nasi kari Nasi katok Nasi kebuli Nasi kerabu Nasi lemak Nasi lemuni Nasi minyak Nasi paprik Nasi ulam Nagasari Onde-onde Penyaram Satti Sorru Tapai Wajik Indonesia Arem-arem Bakcang Bubur ayam Bugis Burasa Burgo Dodol Ketupat Klepon Ku Laklak Lemang Lemper Lepet Lontong Lontong balap Lontong cap go meh Lontong dekem Lontong sayur Lupis Madumongso Moci Nasi ambeng Nasi bakar Nasi beriani Nasi bogana Nasi campur Nasi goreng Nasi goreng jawa Nasi goreng pattaya Nasi gurih Nasi jamblang Nasi jinggo Nasi kapau Nasi kari Nasi kebuli Nasi kucing Nasi kuning Nasi lemak Nasi lengko Nasi liwet Nasi mandi Nasi megono Nasi minyak Nasi padang Nasi pecel Nasi tempong Nasi tim Nasi timbel Nasi tutug oncom Nasi uduk Nasi ulam Nagasari Onde-onde Pinyaram Pulot tartal Putu Putu mangkok Putu mayang Rijsttafel Serabi Tapai Tinutuan Tumpeng Wajik Philippines Aligue fried rice Ampaw Arroz a la cubana Arroz a la valenciana Arroz caldo Bagoong fried rice Balao-balao Baye baye Bibingka Biko Binakle Binalot Binignit Bringhe Buro (Tapay) Burong isda Champorado Dodol Espasol Ginataang mais Ginataang munggo Goto Java rice Junay Kalamay Kiampong Kiping Kuning Kutsinta Lugaw Mache Masi Moche Morisqueta tostada Moron Nasing biringyi Oko-oko Okoy Paelya Palitaw Pancit bihon Pancit choca Pancit Malabon Pancit palabok Panyalam Pastil Pichi-pichi Pilipit Pinipig Pusô Putli mandi Puto Bumbong Calasiao Puto seco Salukara Sapin-sapin Sayongsong Shakoy Silog Sinangág (Garlic fried rice) Sinigapuna Suman Tinapayan Tupig Myanmar(Burma) Burmese fried rice Buttered rice Coconut rice Htamanè Hsi htamin No htamin Thingyan rice Thailand American fried rice Khao chae Khao kaeng Khao kha mu Khao mu daeng Khao lam Thai fried rice Vietnam Bánh bèo Bun cha Bún riêu Bún bò Huế Bún thịt nướng Cơm hến Cơm tấm Cơm nắm Cơm rượu Gỏi cuốn Pho Rice noodles Xôi
Other	Brown rice Coconut rice Congee Instant rice Parboiled rice Puffed rice cakes Puffed rice Rice pudding Rice vermicelli White rice Yellow rice
Category WikiProject Food and drink

v t e Chicken dishes
Stews, braisesand casseroles	Adobo Afritada Andong jjimdak Ayam kecap Ayam masak merah Ayam pansuh Ayam rica-rica Bean sprouts chicken Betutu Bon bon chicken Bourbon chicken Brown stew chicken Butter chicken Cafreal Cashew chicken Chargha Chicken à la King Chicken and dumplings Chicken and waffles Chicken balls Chicken bog Chicken Chettinad Chicken curry Chicken Divan Chicken karahi Chicken Lahori Chicken Marengo Chicken marsala Chicken mull Chicken paprikash Chicken pastel Chicken Picasso Chicken Sukka Chicken riggies Chicken tikka masala Chicken Vesuvio Chimaek Chikuzenni Chilli chicken Circassian chicken Cola chicken Coq au vin Country Captain Dak-bokkeum-tang Dapanji Dong'an chicken Dragon tiger phoenix Escabeche oriental Flying Jacob Fujian red wine chicken Galinha à portuguesa Galinhada Gallo en chicha Gulai ayam Helzel Inubaran Kedjenou Kinamatisang manok King Ranch chicken Kori rotti Kwetiau ayam Mie ayam Moambe chicken Murgh musallam Opor ayam Ostropel Piaparan Pininyahang manok Piyanggang manok Plecing ayam Poulet au fromage Rollatini Sanbeiji Scaloppine Sorol Soy sauce chicken Swiss wing Talunan Waterzooi White cut chicken Yassa
Fried chicken	Ayam goreng Ayam goreng kalasan Ayam pop Barberton chicken Buffalo wings Chicken chop Chicken 65 Cordon bleu Coxinha Crispy Dak-galbi Finger Fries Chicken Française General Tso's chicken Gribenes Karaage Katsu Chicken Kiev Kentucky Korean Kung Pao Laziji Lemon Lemon pepper wings Lollipop Chicken Maryland Moo goo gai pan Nashville hot chicken Nugget Orange Padak Parmigiana Piccata Pozharsky cutlet Saltimbocca Sesame Southern Spice bag Sweet and sour Tabaka Taiwanese fried chicken Ji Pai Chicken tatsuta Tongdak Yangnyeom
Roast and barbecue	Ayam bakar Ayam bumbu rujak Ayam kodok Ayam taliwang Barrel chicken Beggar's chicken Beer can chicken Buldak Chicken galantina Engagement chicken Galinha à africana Huli-huli Inasal Jerusalem mixed grill Jerk Jujeh kabab Kai yang Lechon manok Pinchitos Pollo a la brasa Rotisserie Sajji Satay Shawarma Shish taouk‎ Tandoori Tikka Tsukune Yakitori
Rice dishes	Arroz caldo Arroz con pollo Bringhe Bubur ayam Chicken wing rice roll Claypot chicken rice Cơm gà rau thơm Dakjuk Hainanese chicken rice Hawaiian haystack Lontong cap go meh Nasi liwet Nasi tim Poule au riz Thalassery biryani
Pies and bread dishes	Chicken and mushroom pie Chicken pastel Chicken parmesan Kurnik Moravian chicken pie Musakhan Pastilla Sandwich
Salads	Chicken macaroni salad Chicken salad Chinese Coronation chicken Jubilee chicken Olivier salad Tavuk göğsü
Chicken soup	Binakol Caldo tlalpeño Caldo Xóchitl Chicken and duck blood soup Cock-a-leekie soup Dak-hanmari Dillegrout Ginataang manok Linagpang na Manok Samgye-tang Sesame oil chicken Sinampalukan Sio-tsiú-ke Sopas Soto ayam Tinola
Cuts and techniques	Airline chicken Ballotine Chicken feet Drunken chicken Pinikpikan Turducken
List of chicken dishes

v t e Indonesian cuisine
Dishes	CommonIndonesiandishes Abon Acar Ayam bakar Ayam goreng Ayam kecap Ayam kodok Bakmi Bakpau Bakso Bakwan Bihun goreng Bubur ayam Bubur kacang hijau Bubur ketan hitam Bubur sumsum Gado-gado Gorengan Gulai Ikan asin Ikan bakar Ikan goreng Jagung rebus Kacang rebus Kari Kari ayam Kari domba Kari kambing Kari udang Kuaci Ketupat Laksa Lontong Macaroni schotel Martabak Mi bakso Mi goreng Mi kuah Nasi campur Nasi goreng Nasi kari Nasi kuning Nasi bakar Otak-otak Panekuk Pastel tutup Perkedel Perkedel jagung Pindang Rendang Rijsttafel Roti bakar Roti bolen Roti meses Rujak Sambal Sambal goreng udang Satay Sayur bayam Sayur sop Semur Serundeng Sop buntut Soto Soto ayam Soto mi Sup ayam Sup ercis Sup makaroni Sup wortel Tahu Tahu goreng Telur asin Telur pindang Tempeh Tumis kangkung Tumpeng Acehnese Ayam Tangkap Bhoi Kanji asyura Keukarah Keumamah Meuseukat Mi aceh Mi caluk Nasi gurih Roti Jala Sate matang Sie Reuboh Arab Asida Fahsa Falafel Hummus Kofta Manakish Katayef Nasi kabsah Nasi kebuli Nasi mandi Maamoul Marak Murtabak Roti maryam Roti pita Saltah Shawarma Tabbouleh Tharid Balinese Babi guling Betutu Be urutan Iga babi Laklak Lawar Matah Nasi bali Nasi jinggo Pai susu Rawon babi Rujak kuah pindang Sate babi Sate lilit Soto babi Tipat cantok Banjarese Bingka Laksa banjar Pekasam Soto banjar Bantenese Angeun Lada Batak Arsik Babi panggang Karo Dali ni horbo Dengke mas na niura Itak gurgur Lampet Manuk napinadar Mi gomak Na tinombur Ombusombus Pagit-pagit Pohulpohul Saksang Sasagun Sate kerang Tipatipa Tuktuk Betawi Asinan betawi Bubur cha cha Kerak telor Ketoprak Ketupat sayur Laksa betawi Lontong sayur Mi kangkung Nasi goreng kambing Nasi kebuli Nasi uduk Nasi ulam Pindang Roti buaya Roti gambang Rujak juhi Sate taichan Sayur asem Semur jengkol Soto betawi Soto kaki Soto tangkar Sup kambing Buginese andMakassar Ayam goreng Sulawesi Burasa Coto makassar Dangke Jalangkote Kaledo Kapurung Konro Mi kering Pallubasa Sop saudara Chinese Babi hong Babi kecap Bak kut teh Bakkwa Bakwan Banmian Bihun goreng Cakwe Cap cai Chai tow kway Char kway teow Cha sio Fu yung hai Fish ball Haisom cah Ifumi Kembang tahu Kepiting saus tiram Kuaci Kwetiau ayam Kwetiau goreng Kwetiau siram sapi Lapchiong Locupan Lontong cap go meh Lumpia Mi ayam Mi lor Mi pangsit Mi tarik Mun tahu Nasi ayam hainan Nasi bebek Nasi campur Nasi tim Ngo hiang Pangsit Popiah Rujak shanghai Sapo tahu Sate babi Sekba Siomay Soto Sup hisit Sup sarang burung Swikee Tahu sumedang Tauge ayam Tee long pan Telur pitan Telur teh Tong sui Yong tau fu Yusheng Cirebonese Empal gentong Docang Kue gapit Mi koclok Nasi jamblang Nasi lengko Tahu gejrot Gorontalese Binte biluhuta Sate Tuna Ayam iloni Sagela Ilahe Bilentango Sate Balanga Ilabulo Nasi kuning cakalang Buburu Bubur sagela Nasi goreng sagela Tabu Moitomo Ikan iloni Pilitode Indian Appam Ayam mentega Ayam tandori Chapati Chutney Dosa Idli Laddu Kari kambing Kari kepala ikan Korma Modak Naan Nasi biryani Pakora Puttu Raita Roti canai Satti Sorru Sambar Samosa Satti Sorru Indo Ayam kodok Babi panggang Bitterballen Erwtensoep Hutspot Lapis legit Makaroni schotel Oliebol Ontbijtkoek Pannenkoek Poffertjes Shepherd's pie Javanese Apem Arem-arem Ayam bumbu rujak Ayam geprek Ayam goreng kalasan Ayam penyet Bakso Bakpia Bakpia pathok Botok Brongkos Buntil Gudeg Iga penyet Kamir Kelan antep Krechek Kuluban Lepet Lontong balap Lontong dekem Lontong kupang Lumpia Lumpia goreng Lumpia semarang Sumpia Mendoan Mi bakso Mi goreng Mi jawa Mi rebus Nasi ambeng Nasi bebek Nasi bogana Nasi empal Nasi gandul Nasi goreng Nasi goreng jawa Nasi kare Nasi kucing Nasi liwet Nasi megono Nasi pecel Nasi tempong Opor Opor ayam Orem-orem Pecel Pecel ayam Pecel lele Rambak petis Rawon Roti ganjel rel Roti konde Rujak cingur Rujak soto Sambal ulek Sate ambal Sate blora Sate kambing Sate hati Sate kelinci Sate kikil Sate klatak Sate madura Sate ponorogo Sate tegal Sate udang Sayur lodeh Selat solo Serundeng Soto babat Soto ceker Tahu campur Telur pindang Tempe bacem Tempe goreng Tempe mendoan Timlo Tongseng Trancam Tumpeng Urap Madurese Rujak Rujak cingur Sate madura Serundeng Soto madura Malay Amplang Ayam goreng Ayam pansuh Bubur cha cha Bubur pedas Cincalok Epok-epok Gulai Ikan bakar Ikan patin Kangkung belacan Kari Kemplang Laksa Mi kari Mi rebus Nasi berlauk Nasi briyani Nasi dagang Nasi goreng Nasi goreng pattaya Nasi lemak Nasi minyak Otak-otak Pekasam Pulut Roti canai Roti jala Roti john Roti tisu Sayur lodeh Siput gonggong Soto Sup kambing Tahu goreng Tempoyak Ulam Minahasan Ayam rica-rica Brenebon Cakalang fufu Dabu-dabu Klappertaart Mi cakalang Nasi kuning Panada Paniki Rica-rica Rintek wuuk Tinorangsak Tinutuan Woku Minangkabau Asam pedas Ayam pop Balado Daun ubi tumbuk Dendeng Gulai Gulai ayam Gulai kambing Gulai otak Kalio Kepiting saus padang Keripik sanjai Lemang Lontong gulai pakis Nasi kapau Nasi kari Nasi padang Palai bada Rendang Sambal lada muda Sate padang Soto padang Udang balado Moluccanand Papuan Asida Babi bakar Bibingka Colo-colo Papeda Puding sagu Sagu Soto ambon Palembang Burgo Gulai Kemplang Laksan Lakso Malbi Mi celor Nasi minyak Otak-otak Pempek Pindang Tekwan Tempoyak ikan patin Peranakan Bubur cha cha Cincalok Laksa Pai ti Swikee Sasak Ayam taliwang Plecing kangkung Sate ampet Sate belut Sate pusut Sundanese Asinan bogor Batagor Empal gepuk Karedok Kupat tahu Laksa bogor Laksa tangerang Lalab Mi kocok Nasi timbel Nasi tutug oncom Oncom Pepes Rujak tumbuk Sate bandeng Sate maranggi Sayur asem Seblak Soto bandung Tauge goreng Uli bakar Timorese Feijoada Ikan bakar Katemak Pastel de nata Se'i
Snacks	Krupuk Amplang Emping Kemplang Krupuk Krupuk ikan Krupuk kulit Krupuk udang Kripik Kripik sanjai Rempeyek Rengginang Kue Agar-agar Apam Ape Arem-arem Asida Bagea Bahulu Bakcang Bakpau Bakpia Bakpia pathok Bangkit Bibingka Bika ambon Bingka Bitterballen Bolen Bolu gulung Bolu kukus Bolu pandan Bugis Meuseukat Bulan Busa Cakwe Cilok Clorot Cubit Cucur Dadar gulung Dodol Donat jawa Donat kentang Gapit Geplak Gethuk Jalangkote Jemput-jemput Kaak Kaasstengels Kamir Karipap Kembang goyang Keranjang Klappertaart Klepon Kochi Kroket Ku Kukis jagung Laddu Laklak Lapis Lapis legit Leker Lemper Lidah kucing Lumpia Lumpia goreng Lumpia semarang Sumpia Lupis Madumongso Makmur Martabak Mangkok Mochi Modak Nagasari Nastar Ombusombus Onde-onde Pai susu Pai ti Panada Pancong Pastel Pastel de nata Pinyaram Pisang cokelat Pisang goreng Poffertjes Popiah Pukis Putri salju Putu Putu mangkok Putu mayang Rangi Rempah udang Risoles Samosa Satu Semar mendem Semprit Semprong Serabi Seri muka Sus Spekulaas Stroopwafel Talam Tapai Timphan Terang bulan Untir-untir Wajik Wingko
Beverages	Alcoholic Arak Beer Brem Cap tikus Ciu Lapen Saguer Sopi Tuak Non-alcoholic Adon-adon coro Angsle Bajigur Bandrek Bir jawa Bir kocok Bir pletok Cendol Chocolate milk Cincau Dadiah Es asam jawa Es buah Es campur Es doger Es durian Es goyobod Es kelapa muda Es kopyor Es selendang mayang Es tebak Es tebu Es teler Hot chocolate Jahe telur Jamu Java coffee Kembang tahu Kopi aceh Kopi gayo Kopi luwak Kopi sanger Kopi susu Kopi tarik Kopi tiam Kopi tubruk Lahang Laksamana mengamuk Legen Milo Moke Ronde Sarsi Badak Indo saparelle Sekoteng Soda gembira Susu kedelai Sweet tea Teh botol Teh krisan Teh liang Teh poci Teh jahe Teh tarik Teh talua Wedang jahe Wedang uwuh
Bumbu	Spices Adas manis Andaliman Asam jawa Bawang bombai Bawang merah Bawang perei Bawang putih Bunga lawang Bunga pala Cabai rawit Cabai merah Cengkih Daun bawang Daun jeruk Daun kari Daun kemangi Daun pandan Daun salam Jahe Jeruk purut Jeruk nipis Jintan Kapulaga Kayu manis Kecombrang Kencur Kemiri Ketumbar Keluak Kunyit Lengkuas Lada hitam Lada putih Lokio Pala Peterseli Seledri Serai Temu kunci Temu lawak Seasoningsand condiments Abon Acar Balado Bawang goreng Budu Coconut jam Cuka Dabu-dabu Hagelslag Kecap asin Kecap ikan Kecap inggris Kecap manis Kerisik Lalab Mayones Minyak samin Minyak wijen Minyak zaitun Moster Muisjes Nata de coco Peanut sauce Petis Petis ikan Rica-rica Sambal Sambal goreng teri Serundeng Saus tiram Saus tomat Tapai Tauco Tempoyak Terasi Tongcai Tuktuk Vlokken
Influences andoverseas dishes	Achat Asam pedas Ayam penyet Babi pangang Bami Bamischijf Begedil Biryani Bobotie Bobotok Boeber Dendeng Kalu dodol Koe'sister Lumpia Martabak Mie bangladesh Mie goreng Mie rebus Nasi ambeng Nasi goreng Nasi kuning Nasischijf Pechal Pisang goreng Rawon Rendang Rojak Roti canai Satay Sayur lodeh Serundeng Sosatie Soto Telur pindang Tempeh Tomato bredie
List articles	Indonesian beverages Indonesian condiments Indonesian desserts Indonesian dishes Indonesian noodles Indonesian snacks Indonesian soups
Relatedtopics	List of Indonesian dishes Alcohol in Indonesia Jamu Bumbu (seasoning) Street food of Indonesia Jajan pasar Sri Owen Nunuk Nuraini
Category: Indonesian cuisine

v t e Singaporean cuisine
Articles	Singaporean cuisine List of Singaporean dishes
Dishes	Noodle dishes Banmian Beef kway teow Beef noodle soup Bee hoon goreng Char kway teow Crab bee hoon Fish soup bee hoon Hokkien mee Laksa Katong laksa Kway chap Kway teow goreng Mee bakso Mee goreng Mee rebus Mee pok Bak chor mee Mee siam Mee soto Satay bee hoon Vegetarian bee hoon Rice dishes Biryani Duck rice Economy rice Hainanese chicken rice Hainanese curry rice Ketupat Nasi goreng Nasi kunyit Nasi lemak Nasi padang Nasi Rawon Teochew porridge Other dishes Assam pedas Ayam goreng Ayam penyet Bak kut teh Bakso Black pepper crab Chai tow kway Char siu Chilli crab Dendeng paru Fish head curry Fish ball Gudeg putih Gulai daun ubi Har cheong gai Kerisik Naan Oyster omelette Pecel lele Pig fallopian tubes Pig's organ soup Rojak bandung Roti john Roti prata Satay Sambal Sayur lodeh Serunding Sliced fish soup Soto Soto ayam Soup kambing Turtle soup
Snacks anddesserts	Ais kacang Apam balik Bubur cha cha Cendol Cheng tng Curry puff Ham chim peng Kaya toast (Roti bakar) Keropok Kueh Laddu Lepat Modak Red peach cake Soon kueh Otak-otak Pisang goreng Putugal Sugee cake Satti Sorru
Drinks	Bandung Kopi Milo Milo dinosaur Singapore Sling Teh tarik

v t e Malaysian cuisine by ethnicity
Common dishes	Malay Asam pedas Ayam bakar Ayam goreng Ayam masak kicap Ayam masak merah Ayam penyet Bubur Bubur asyura Bubur ayam Bubur kacang hijau Bubur lambuk Bubur pedas Bubur pulut hitam Dendeng Gulai Ikan bakar Ikan goreng Kangkung belacan Ketupat Kway teow goreng Laksa Lemang Lontong Masak lemak lada api Mee bakso Mee bandung Muar Mee goreng Mee jawa Mee kari Mee rebus Mee siam Nasi ambeng Nasi campur Nasi dagang Nasi goreng American fried rice Nasi goreng pattaya Nasi katok Nasi kerabu Nasi kuning Nasi lemak Nasi minyak Nasi paprik Nasi tumpang Nasi ulam Otak-otak Pais Pecal Pekasam Pindang Pulot tartal Ramly burger Roti canai Roti Jala Rendang Rojak Rojak bandung Sayur lodeh Sata Satay Satay celup Serundeng Soto Soto ayam Mee soto Sup Soup kambing Sup tulang Tauhu goreng Telur pindang Tongmo Ulam Chinese Bakkwa Bak kut teh Banmian Bean sprouts chicken Beef kway teow Chai tow kway Char kway teow Char siu Chee cheong fun Chicken chop Chwee kueh Claypot chicken rice Curry Mee Duck rice Duck soup noodles Economy rice/Mixed rice Fish ball Fish head bee hoon Hae mee Heong Peng Hokkien mee Kolo mee Kway chap Kway Teow Th'ng Loh bak Lor mee Mee pok Oyster omelette Pan mee Pao Popiah Sar Hor Fun Lou Shee Fun Teochew Porridge Tong sui Wonton mee Tambun biscuit Yee Foo Mee Yong tau foo You char kway Yusheng Zongzi Indian Banana leaf rice Butter chicken Dalcha Puliyodarai Curd rice Chapati Fish molee Dosai Idli Laddu Mee goreng Maggi goreng Mee goreng mamak Mee rebus Mamak Rojak (Rojak Klang) Modak Murtabak Mutton curry Nasi biryani Nasi kandar Korma Pasembur Puri Putu mayam Roti canai Roti tissue Naan Sup kambing Satti Sorru Appam Payasam Upma Paniyaram Pongal Vadai Adhirasam Murukku Bajji Rasam Sambar Papadum Tandoori chicken East Malaysian (Sabah and Sarawak) Ambuyat Bosou Hinava Linatan Linongot Manok pansoh Mee tauhu Midin Nasi kombos Nasi laru Nasik aruk Sinalau bakas Tonokon Tuhau Umai Peranakan Acar Asam laksa/Laksa lemak Buah keluak Bubur cha cha Cap cai Kerabu Bihun Perut Ikan Pie tee Pongteh Nyonya Bak Chang Eurasian Shepherd's pie Oxtail stew Chicken chop Devil's curry Semur
Snacks	Cake and pastries Bahulu Batik cake Heong peng Roti bakar (Kaya toast) Sarawak layer cake Keropok, crackers Amplang Lekor Rempeyek Mee Siput Muar Kuih Apam balik Akok Bingka Borasa Cakoi Cincin Cucur Jemput-jemput Penyaram Pisang goreng Dodol Jala Jelurut Karipap Kelupis Kochi Gelang Kue kembang goyang Gulung Kosui Laddu Lapis Lepat Lidah Makmur Modak Mooncake Ondeh-ondeh Otokon Pais Red peach cake Red tortoise cake Pie tee Pulut inti Pulut panggang Puto Putu bambu/Putu bumbong Putu mangkuk/piring Qasidah Sapit/Gulong/Kapit Seri Muka Soon kueh Tat/Tae
Desserts	Lamban Punjung Roti tisu Sagu Gula Melaka Tapai Wajid
Drinks	Non-alcoholic ABC Bandung Cendol Cheng tng Cincau Chrysanthemum tea Ginger tea Ipoh white coffee Kopi Janda pulang Milo Sarsi Soy milk Teh tarik Alcoholic Jaz Lihing Montoku Sikat Tapai Tuak
Condiments	Acar Kaya Sambal Belacan Budu Cincalok Tempoyak Taucu Tuhau
Category: Malaysian cuisine List of Malaysian dishes

v t e Thai cuisine
Individual dishes	American fried rice Bami Chok Evil jungle prince Hoi thot Khao kha mu Khao khluk kapi Khao man kai Khao na pet Khao mok Khao mu daeng Kuaitiao khua kai Kuaitiao ruea Mi krop Pad kee mao Pad thai Phat mi Khorat Phat si-io Rat na Sukhothai noodles Thai fried rice Yentafo
Shared dishes	Green curry Ho mok Kaeng pa Kaeng som Kaeng thepho Khai yat sai Kung chae nampla Massaman curry Nam kaeng hua chai thao Nuea phat phrik Phanaeng Phat kaphrao Phat khing Phat phrik khing Red curry Som tam Tom kha kai Tom khlong Tom som Tom yum Tom yum kung Yam khai dao Yellow curry
Isan dishes	Bamboo shoot salad Chim chum Kai yang Koi Larb Nam tok Sai krok Isan Suea rong hai Tam maak hoong Yam naem khao thot
Northern Thai dishes	Kaeng khae Kaeng hang le Khao kan chin Khao soi Nam ngiao Nam phrik num Nam phrik ong Sai ua
Southern Thai dishes	Kaeng phrik kraduk mu Kaeng tai pla Khao yam Khua kling Nasi dagang Nasi goreng Nasi lemak
Snacks	Cho muang Hakao Hoicho Kalamae Karipap Khaep mu Khao phan Khanom bodin Khanom chip Keropok Khanom khai nok kratha Khanom kheng Khanom khi noo Khanom khuai ling Khanom fak bua Khanom nuan haeo Khanom phak kat Khanom Tokyo Khao chae Khao kriap kung Khrongkhraeng krop Kluai khaek Koh-Kae Krop khem Kuaitiao lot La tiang Loba Mamuang kuan Mamuang nampla wan Miang kham Mu ping Pathongko Popia Roti sai mai Sakhu sai mu Salapao Satay Thong muan Thong muan sot
Desserts	List of Thai khanom Bua loi Bulan dan mek Cha mongkut Chaokuai Fakthong kaeng buat Foi thong Khanom babin Khanom bueang Khanom bueang Yuan Khanom chak Khanom chan Khanom farang kudi chin Khanom keson lamchiak Khanom khai Khanom khai hong Khanom khai pla Khanom krok Khanom la Khanom met khanun Khanom mo kaeng Khanom namdokmai Khanom phing Khanom piakpun Khanom sai bua Khanom sane chan Khanom sot sai Khanom tan Khanom thang taek Khanom thian Khanom thuai Khanom thuai fu Khanom tom Khanom wong Khao lam Khao mak Khao niao sangkhaya Khao tom mat Kleeb lamduan Kluai buat chi Krayasat Lot chong Luk chup Mango sticky rice Namkhaeng sai Namtan pan O-aew Sago with coconut milk Stir-fried ice cream Sangkhaya Sangkhaya fak thong Sarim Thapthim krop Thong ek Thong yip Thong yot Thua khiao tom namtan
Miscellaneous	Budu Fish sauce Hot dogs in Thai cuisine Jasmine rice Kap klaem Khantoke Khanom chin Khao chae Kiao Kun chiang Mu daeng Mu kratha Mu yo Naem Nam chim Nam phrik Nam phrik phao Nine auspicious Thai desserts Padaek Phrik khi nu Pla ra Riceberry Kapi Shumai Sriracha Steamed rice Sticky rice Suki Thai curry Thai fruit carving Thai salads
Beverages	Cha chak Krating Daeng Lao Khao Mekhong Nom yen Oliang Sang Som Satho Singha Thai beers Thai tea Thai wine
See also	List of Thai dishes List of Thai ingredients List of Thai restaurants Street food of Thailand
Category: Thai cuisine