{IELTS Reading Band 5.0} Unit 20 - MATCHING HEADINGS

Đúng theo tên bài viết, tại đây Aland IELTS sẽ chia sẻ cho bạn những lỗi thường gặp nhất trong dạng bài Matching Headings. Các bạn lưu ý để tránh mắc phải những lỗi đã nếu nhé!

Các lỗi thường mắc trong dạng bài Matching Headings

1. Không đọc kĩ ví dụ

Sai lầm: Khi làm Matching headings, nhiều bạn (trong đấy có mình hồi xưa) giở ngay đoạn đầu tiên đọc say mê để tìm đáp án đúng. Đọc một thôi một hồi mới phát hiện ra, chết rồi, câu này người ta làm sẵn cho mình rồi. Hoặc cứ đọc đi đọc lại đoạn đầu tiên, ngó qua list headings 3,4 lần mà chả thấy câu nào liên quan...để rồi giở sang trang sau mới vỡ lẽ hóa ra đến đoạn số 5 mới bắt đầu đánh chữ A

2. Chỉ đọc câu mở và câu kết đoạn

Sai lầm: Theo tư duy thông thường thì main ideas thường nằm ở câu mở (nếu viết theo kiểu diễn dịch) hoặc câu kết (nếu viết theo kiểu quy nạp). Nhưng quy tắc trên, theo kinh nghiệm của mình, chả đúng tí nào với phần lớn các bài Matching headings mình từng làm. Rất ít trường hợp bạn chọn được headings đúng nếu chỉ đọc câu đầu hoặc câu cuối.

3. Chỉ tập trung tìm key words

Sai lầm: Kỹ năng scan key words không mấy hữu ích cho dạng bài này, vì thường các headings là những câu paraphrase rất ngắn gọn 1 đoạn văn dài ngoằng. Và theo mình thấy thì những headings xuất hiện nhiều key words thường không phải đáp án đúng :)) Nói cách khác, nếu chỉ tập trung tia key words thì bạn rất dễ mắc 1 trong 2 lỗi sau: 1 là phải đọc dàn trải cả đoạn văn mà chả thấy headings nào đúng, 2 là sung sướng chọn 1 heading nhìn qua thì rất ngon, nhưng thực chất chỉ tóm tắt 1 ý nhỏ trong đoạn chứ không phải main idea

Practice

Exercise 1:

The reading passage has five paragraphs, A-E. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1-5.

A Despite its bad reputation, stress historically had a vital role to play. Commonly referred to as the ‘fight or flight’ mode, the sudden release of stress hormones like adrenalin and cortisol causes the heart to beat faster, airways to dilate and blood vessels to open up, all of which push the body towards optimal performance and, ultimately, survival. In the rest of the animal kingdom, this is still often the difference between life and death. As he springs off to freedom, the lucky gazelle who escapes the lion can thank this primal evolutionary response.

B In ordinary modern life, although we’re in little danger of being stalked by wild beasts down city streets, our bodies react to stress in the same ways. Experiencing anxiety, fear and stress is considered a normal part of life when it is occasional and temporary, such as feeling anxious and stressed before an exam or a job interview. It is when these acute reactions are prolonged or cannot be switched off, however, that serious physical, social and cognitive issues can result. In contrast to the normal everyday stress of modern life, chronic stress is a pathological state which can significantly interfere with daily living activities such as work, school and relationships, wreaking havoc on the body’s immune, metabolic and cardiovascular systems.

C Of major concern is the impact on the brain. Researchers have found that the hippocampus, the control centre of memory and our ability to learn, can physically shrink in response to prolonged release of stress hormones like cortisol which result from chronic stress. Neurons in this area do not just get smaller, but actually die, which weakens the neural connections, affecting the way memories are organised and stored in the brain. A chronically stressed person would recognise this as a ‘brain fog’, and it also has ramifications for other areas such as creativity and adaptability.

D While this part of the brain gets smaller, another area, the amygdala, which is involved in processing emotions, can grow with chronic stress. Across species, a larger amygdala has been found to correlate with aggression and this, coupled with the weakened connection to the prefrontal cortex, the brain’s decision-making centre, can profoundly impact mood and behaviour. With the link between emotions and decision-making compromised, a person is much less able to stop and reflect, becoming instead reactive and short-fused. Think of the difference between being able to tolerate a screaming child and instead giving in to the desire to scream back.

E In the past, it was accepted that there was a limited number of neurons in the brain and as they died off as a result of ageing, stress or substance abuse, for instance, they were lost forever. It turns out, however, that this is not the case and that stem cells within the brain are actually able to create new neurons. In other words, lost neurons can be replaced. What makes this discovery even more powerful is the fact that replenishing neurons is rather straightforward. One of the most powerful stimulants for neuron growth is physical activity. So, in addition to its role in the reduction of stress hormones in the first place, and its ability to stimulate the release of endorphins, exercise has now been shown to contribute to the repair of the chronically stressed brain.

Exercise 2:

Read the following headings and then skim read the text, choose the heading that supports the main idea of each paragraph

i. The future of mental health ii. Violence has a wide scope in urban areas

iii. Support is on offer for youths surviving violent backgrounds iv. The cause of female and male violence v. The future of mental health in the school system and beyond vi. Conflict prevention methods should be used to promote harmony vii. Knowledge of assaults on women and men 

A Depression is the third leading cause of illness and disability among adolescents, and suicide is the third leading cause of death in older adolescents (15–19 years). Violence, poverty, humiliation and feeling devalued can increase the risk of developing mental health problems. B Building life skills in children and adolescents and providing them with psychosocial support in schools and other community settings can help promote good mental health. Programmes to help strengthen the ties between adolescents and their families are also important. If problems arise, they should be detected and managed by competent and caring health workers. C Violence is a leading cause of death in older adolescent males. Interpersonal violence represents 43% of all adolescent male deaths in LMICs in the WHO Americas Region. Globally, 1 in 10 girls under the age of 20 years reports experiencing sexual violence. D Promoting nurturing relationships between parents and children early in life, providing training in life skills, and reducing access to alcohol and firearms can help to prevent injuries and deaths due to violence. Effective and empathetic care for adolescent survivors of violence and ongoing support can help deal with the physical and psychological consequences

 

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

• Paragraph A vi

• Paragraph B iii
• Paragraph C iv
• Paragraph D viii
• Paragraph E x

Exercise 2:

• Paragraph A iv
• Paragraph B v
• Paragraph C vii
• Paragraph D vi