Influence Of Growth Hormone Replacement On Neurological And ...

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Abstract in English, Portuguese

The height response to the use of growth hormone in short height cases has already been confirmed in the literature. The influence of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF1) axis components on development, function, regeneration, neuroprotection, cognition, and motor functions has been evaluated in experimental studies and in adults with central nervous system lesions. However, there is still little research on the clinical impact of hormone replacement on neurological and psychomotor development. This report presents the case of a patient with excellent weight-height recovery and, even more surprisingly, neurological and psychomotor development in response to use of growth hormone. The result strengthens the correlation between experimental and clinical findings related to cerebral plasticity response to growth hormone in children. A preterm male patient with multiple health problems during the neonatal and young infancy period, who for six years presented with a relevant deficit in growth, bone maturation, and neurological and psychomotor development. At six years of age, he had low stature (z-score -6.89), low growth rate, and low weight (z-score -7.91). He was incapable of sustaining his axial weight, had not developed fine motor skills or sphincter control, and presented with dysfunctional swallowing and language. Supplementary tests showed low IGF-11 levels, with no changes on the image of the hypothalamus-pituitary region, and bone age consistent with three-year-old children - for a chronological age of six years and one month. Growth hormone replacement therapy had a strong impact on the weight-height recovery as well as on the neurological and psychomotor development of this child.

A resposta estatural ao uso de hormônio do crescimento na baixa estatura já está comprovada na literatura. A influência dos componentes do eixo fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo 1 (GH-IGF1) sobre desenvolvimento, função, regeneração, neuroproteção, cognição e funções motoras tem sido avaliada em estudos experimentais e em adultos com lesão de sistema nervoso central. No entanto, ainda são poucas as pesquisas sobre o impacto clínico da reposição hormonal no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Este relato apresenta o caso de um paciente com excelente recuperação pôndero-estatural e, de forma ainda mais surpreendente, de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, em resposta ao uso de hormônio do crescimento. O resultado observado fortalece a correlação entre achados experimentais e clínicos, no que diz respeito à resposta da plasticidade cerebral ao hormônio do crescimento em crianças. Paciente do sexo masculino nasceu pré-termo com múltiplos agravos no período neonatal e de lactente jovem, e que, por 6 anos, apresentou deficit relevante do crescimento, na maturação óssea e do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Aos 6 anos de idade, apresentava baixa estatura (escore Z de −6,89), baixa velocidade de crescimento e baixo peso (escore Z de −7,91). Era incapaz de sustentar o peso axial, não tinha desenvolvido habilidade motora fina e nem controle esfincteriano, e apresentava também disfunção na deglutição e na linguagem. Exames complementares mostraram IGF1 baixo, sem alterações na imagem da região hipotálamo-hipofisária e idade óssea compatível com 3 anos — para a idade cronológica de 6 anos e 1 mês. A terapia de reposição com hormônio do crescimento promoveu forte impacto na recuperação pôndero-estatural e também do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor desta criança.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1. Relevant history of hospitalization and…

Figure 1. Relevant history of hospitalization and outpatient care from admission to beginning of endocrinology…

Figure 1. Relevant history of hospitalization and outpatient care from admission to beginning of endocrinology follow-up
Figure 2

Figure 2. Relevant clinical aspects of development,…

Figure 2. Relevant clinical aspects of development, from admission

Figure 2. Relevant clinical aspects of development, from admission
Figure 3

Figure 3. Auxological development and its relation…

Figure 3. Auxological development and its relation with the initiation of hormone replacement. (A) weight…

Figure 3. Auxological development and its relation with the initiation of hormone replacement. (A) weight percentile by age for 2-to-20-year-old boys with cerebral palsy; (B) height percentile by age for 2-to-20-year-old boys with cerebral palsy; (C) height percentile by age for 5-to-19-year-old boys with normal development. As reference for A and B, we used the graphs: Brooks J, Day S, Shavelle R, Strauss D. Low weight, morbidity, and mortality in children with cerebral palsy: new clinical growth charts. Pediatrics. 2011;128(2):e299-307; and for C, those from the: World Health Organization(WHO). WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006. 312 p.
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References

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