Installation — PhpMyAdmin 5.1.4 Documentation

phpMyAdmin

• Introduction
• Requirements
• Installation
  • Linux distributions
    • Debian and Ubuntu
    • OpenSUSE
    • Gentoo
    • Mandriva
    • Fedora
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux
  • Installing on Windows
  • Installing from Git
  • Installing using Composer
  • Installing using Docker
    • Docker environment variables
    • Customizing configuration
    • Docker Volumes
    • Docker Examples
    • Using docker-compose
    • Customizing configuration file using docker-compose
    • Running behind haproxy in a subdirectory
  • IBM Cloud
  • Quick Install
    • Manually creating the file
    • Using the Setup script
      • Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives
      • Setup script on openSUSE
  • Verifying phpMyAdmin releases
  • phpMyAdmin configuration storage
    • Zero configuration
    • Manual configuration
  • Upgrading from an older version
  • Using authentication modes
    • HTTP authentication mode
    • Cookie authentication mode
    • Signon authentication mode
    • Config authentication mode
  • Securing your phpMyAdmin installation
  • Using SSL for connection to database server
  • Known issues
    • Users with column-specific privileges are unable to “Browse”
    • Trouble logging back in after logging out using ‘http’ authentication
• Configuration
• User Guide
• FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
• Developers Information
• Security policy
• Distributing and packaging phpMyAdmin
• Copyright
• Credits
• Glossary

phpMyAdmin

• Installation
• View page source

Installation

phpMyAdmin does not apply any special security methods to the MySQL database server. It is still the system administrator’s job to grant permissions on the MySQL databases properly. phpMyAdmin’s Users page can be used for this.

Linux distributions

phpMyAdmin is included in most Linux distributions. It is recommended to use distribution packages when possible - they usually provide integration to your distribution and you will automatically get security updates from your distribution.

Debian and Ubuntu

Most Debian and Ubuntu versions include a phpMyAdmin package, but be aware that the configuration file is maintained in /etc/phpmyadmin and may differ in some ways from the official phpMyAdmin documentation. Specifically, it does:

• Configuration of a web server (works for Apache and lighttpd).

• Creating of phpMyAdmin configuration storage using dbconfig-common.

• Securing setup script, see Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives.

More specific details about installing Debian or Ubuntu packages are available in our wiki.

See also

More information can be found in README.Debian (it is installed as /usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/README.Debian with the package).

OpenSUSE

OpenSUSE already comes with phpMyAdmin package, just install packages from the openSUSE Build Service.

Gentoo

Gentoo ships the phpMyAdmin package, both in a near-stock configuration as well as in a webapp-config configuration. Use emerge dev-db/phpmyadmin to install.

Mandriva

Mandriva ships the phpMyAdmin package in their contrib branch and can be installed via the usual Control Center.

Fedora

Fedora ships the phpMyAdmin package, but be aware that the configuration file is maintained in /etc/phpMyAdmin/ and may differ in some ways from the official phpMyAdmin documentation.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat Enterprise Linux itself and thus derivatives like CentOS don’t ship phpMyAdmin, but the Fedora-driven repository Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) is doing so, if it’s enabled. But be aware that the configuration file is maintained in /etc/phpMyAdmin/ and may differ in some ways from the official phpMyAdmin documentation.

Installing on Windows

The easiest way to get phpMyAdmin on Windows is using third party products which include phpMyAdmin together with a database and web server such as XAMPP.

You can find more of such options at Wikipedia.

Installing from Git

In order to install from Git, you’ll need a few supporting applications:

• Git to download the source, or you can download the most recent source directly from Github

• Composer

• Node.js (version 12 or higher)

• Yarn

You can clone current phpMyAdmin source from https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.git:

gitclonehttps://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.git

Additionally you need to install dependencies using Composer:

composerupdate

If you do not intend to develop, you can skip the installation of developer tools by invoking:

composerupdate--no-dev

Finally, you’ll need to use Yarn to install some JavaScript dependencies:

yarninstall--production

Installing using Composer

You can install phpMyAdmin using the Composer tool, since 4.7.0 the releases are automatically mirrored to the default Packagist repository.

Note

The content of the Composer repository is automatically generated separately from the releases, so the content doesn’t have to be 100% same as when you download the tarball. There should be no functional differences though.

To install phpMyAdmin simply run:

composercreate-projectphpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Alternatively you can use our own composer repository, which contains the release tarballs and is available at <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/packages.json>:

composercreate-projectphpmyadmin/phpmyadmin--repository-url=https://www.phpmyadmin.net/packages.json--no-dev

Installing using Docker

phpMyAdmin comes with a Docker official image, which you can easily deploy. You can download it using:

dockerpullphpmyadmin

The phpMyAdmin server will listen on port 80. It supports several ways of configuring the link to the database server, either by Docker’s link feature by linking your database container to db for phpMyAdmin (by specifying --link your_db_host:db) or by environment variables (in this case it’s up to you to set up networking in Docker to allow the phpMyAdmin container to access the database container over the network).

Docker environment variables

You can configure several phpMyAdmin features using environment variables:

PMA_ARBITRARY

Allows you to enter a database server hostname on login form.

See also

$cfg['AllowArbitraryServer']

PMA_HOST

Hostname or IP address of the database server to use.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host']

PMA_HOSTS

Comma-separated hostnames or IP addresses of the database servers to use.

Note

Used only if PMA_HOST is empty.

PMA_VERBOSE

Verbose name of the database server.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['verbose']

PMA_VERBOSES

Comma-separated verbose name of the database servers.

Note

Used only if PMA_VERBOSE is empty.

PMA_USER

User name to use for Config authentication mode.

PMA_PASSWORD

Password to use for Config authentication mode.

PMA_PORT

Port of the database server to use.

PMA_PORTS

Comma-separated ports of the database server to use.

Note

Used only if PMA_PORT is empty.

PMA_SOCKET

Socket file for the database connection.

PMA_SOCKETS

Comma-separated list of socket files for the database connections.

Note

Used only if PMA_SOCKET is empty.

PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI

The fully-qualified path (https://pma.example.net/) where the reverse proxy makes phpMyAdmin available.

See also

$cfg['PmaAbsoluteUri']

PMA_QUERYHISTORYDB

When set to true, enables storing SQL history to $cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb']. When false, history is stored in the browser and is cleared when logging out.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['history']

See also

$cfg['QueryHistoryDB']

PMA_QUERYHISTORYMAX

When set to an integer, controls the number of history items.

See also

$cfg['QueryHistoryMax']

PMA_CONTROLHOST

When set, this points to an alternate database host used for storing the “phpMyAdmin configuration storage” database.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlhost']

PMA_CONTROLUSER

Defines the username for phpMyAdmin to use for the “phpMyAdmin configuration storage” database.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser']

PMA_CONTROLPASS

Defines the password for phpMyAdmin to use for the “phpMyAdmin configuration storage” database.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass']

PMA_CONTROLPORT

When set, will override the default port (3306) for connecting to the control host.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlport']

PMA_PMADB

When set, define the name of the database to be used for the “phpMyAdmin configuration storage” database. When not set, the advanced features are not enabled by default: they can still potentially be enabled by the user when logging in with the Zero configuration feature.

Note

Suggested values: phpmyadmin or pmadb

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb']

HIDE_PHP_VERSION

If defined, this option will hide the PHP version (expose_php = Off). Set to any value (such as HIDE_PHP_VERSION=true).

UPLOAD_LIMIT

If set, this option will override the default value for apache and php-fpm (this will change upload_max_filesize and post_max_size values).

Note

Format as [0-9+](K,M,G) default value is 2048K

MEMORY_LIMIT

If set, this option will override the phpMyAdmin memory limit $cfg['MemoryLimit'] and PHP’s memory_limit.

Note

Format as [0-9+](K,M,G) where K is for Kilobytes, M for Megabytes, G for Gigabytes and 1K = 1024 bytes. Default value is 512M.

MAX_EXECUTION_TIME

If set, this option will override the maximum execution time in seconds for phpMyAdmin $cfg['ExecTimeLimit'] and PHP’s max_execution_time.

Note

Format as [0-9+]. Default value is 600.

PMA_CONFIG_BASE64

If set, this option will override the default config.inc.php with the base64 decoded contents of the variable.

PMA_USER_CONFIG_BASE64

If set, this option will override the default config.user.inc.php with the base64 decoded contents of the variable.

PMA_UPLOADDIR

If set, this option will set the path where files can be saved to be available to import ($cfg['UploadDir'])

PMA_SAVEDIR

If set, this option will set the path where exported files can be saved ($cfg['SaveDir'])

APACHE_PORT

If set, this option will change the default Apache port from 80 in case you want it to run on a different port like an unprivileged port. Set to any port value (such as APACHE_PORT=8090).

PMA_SSL_DIR

Define the path used for SSL files generated from environment variables, default value is /etc/phpmyadmin/ssl.

PMA_SSL

When set to 1, defines SSL usage for the MySQL connection.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl']

PMA_SSLS

Comma-separated list of 0 and 1 defining SSL usage for the corresponding MySQL connections.

PMA_SSL_VERIFY

When set to 1, enables SSL certificate verification for the MySQL connection.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']

PMA_SSL_VERIFIES

Comma-separated list of 0 and 1 to enable or disable SSL certificate verification for multiple MySQL connections.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']

PMA_SSL_CA

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting your CA file as a string inside the default config.inc.php.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca']

PMA_SSL_CAS

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting multiple CA files as a comma-separated list of strings inside the default config.inc.php.

PMA_SSL_CA_BASE64

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting your CA file as a base64 string inside the default config.inc.php.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca']

PMA_SSL_CAS_BASE64

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting multiple CA files as a comma-separated list of base64 strings inside the default config.inc.php.

PMA_SSL_CERT

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting your CERT file as a string inside the default config.inc.php.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert']

PMA_SSL_CERTS

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting multiple CERT files as a comma-separated list of strings inside the default config.inc.php.

PMA_SSL_CERT_BASE64

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting your CERT file as a base64 string inside the default config.inc.php.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert']

PMA_SSL_CERTS_BASE64

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting multiple CERT files as a comma-separated list of base64 strings inside the default config.inc.php.

PMA_SSL_KEY

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting your KEY file as a string inside the default config.inc.php.

PMA_SSL_KEYS

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting multiple KEY files as a comma-separated list of strings inside the default config.inc.php.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key']

PMA_SSL_KEY_BASE64

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting your KEY file as a base64 string inside the default config.inc.php.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key']

PMA_SSL_KEYS_BASE64

In the context of mutual TLS security, allows setting multiple KEY files as a comma-separated list of base64 strings inside the default config.inc.php.

TZ

If defined, this option will change the default PHP date.timezone from UTC.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SessionTimeZone']

By default, Cookie authentication mode is used, but if PMA_USER and PMA_PASSWORD are set, it is switched to Config authentication mode.

Note

The credentials you need to log in are stored in the MySQL server, in case of Docker image, there are various ways to set it (for example MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD when starting the MySQL container). Please check documentation for MariaDB container or MySQL container.

Customizing configuration

Additionally configuration can be tweaked by /etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php. If this file exists, it will be loaded after configuration is generated from above environment variables, so you can override any configuration variable. This configuration can be added as a volume when invoking docker using -v /some/local/directory/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php parameters.

Note that the supplied configuration file is applied after Docker environment variables, but you can override any of the values.

For example to change the default behavior of CSV export you can use the following configuration file:

<?php $cfg['Export']['csv_columns'] = true;

You can also use it to define server configuration instead of using the environment variables listed in Docker environment variables:

<?php /* Override Servers array */ $cfg['Servers'] = [ 1 => [ 'auth_type' => 'cookie', 'host' => 'mydb1', 'port' => 3306, 'verbose' => 'Verbose name 1', ], 2 => [ 'auth_type' => 'cookie', 'host' => 'mydb2', 'port' => 3306, 'verbose' => 'Verbose name 2', ], ];

See also

See Configuration for detailed description of configuration options.

Docker Volumes

You can use the following volumes to customize image behavior:

/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php

Can be used for additional settings, see the previous chapter for more details.

/sessions/

Directory where PHP sessions are stored. You might want to share this for example when using Signon authentication mode.

/www/themes/

Directory where phpMyAdmin looks for themes. By default only those shipped with phpMyAdmin are included, but you can include additional phpMyAdmin themes (see Custom Themes) by using Docker volumes.

Docker Examples

To connect phpMyAdmin to a given server use:

dockerrun--namephpmyadmin-d-ePMA_HOST=dbhost-p8080:80phpmyadmin:latest

To connect phpMyAdmin to more servers use:

dockerrun--namephpmyadmin-d-ePMA_HOSTS=dbhost1,dbhost2,dbhost3-p8080:80phpmyadmin:latest

To use arbitrary server option:

dockerrun--namephpmyadmin-d--linkmysql_db_server:db-p8080:80-ePMA_ARBITRARY=1phpmyadmin:latest

You can also link the database container using Docker:

dockerrun--namephpmyadmin-d--linkmysql_db_server:db-p8080:80phpmyadmin:latest

Running with additional configuration:

dockerrun--namephpmyadmin-d--linkmysql_db_server:db-p8080:80-v/some/local/directory/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.phpphpmyadmin:latest

Running with additional themes:

dockerrun--namephpmyadmin-d--linkmysql_db_server:db-p8080:80-v/some/local/directory/custom/phpmyadmin/themeName/:/var/www/html/themes/themeName/phpmyadmin:latest

Using docker-compose

Alternatively, you can also use docker-compose with the docker-compose.yml from <https://github.com/phpmyadmin/docker>. This will run phpMyAdmin with an arbitrary server - allowing you to specify MySQL/MariaDB server on the login page.

dockercomposeup-d

Customizing configuration file using docker-compose

You can use an external file to customize phpMyAdmin configuration and pass it using the volumes directive:

phpmyadmin: image:phpmyadmin:latest container_name:phpmyadmin environment: -PMA_ARBITRARY=1 restart:always ports: -8080:80 volumes: -/sessions -~/docker/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php -/custom/phpmyadmin/theme/:/www/themes/theme/

See also

Customizing configuration

Running behind haproxy in a subdirectory

When you want to expose phpMyAdmin running in a Docker container in a subdirectory, you need to rewrite the request path in the server proxying the requests.

For example, using haproxy it can be done as:

frontend http bind *:80 option forwardfor option http-server-close ### NETWORK restriction acl LOCALNET src 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/12 # /phpmyadmin acl phpmyadmin path_dir /phpmyadmin use_backend phpmyadmin if phpmyadmin LOCALNET backend phpmyadmin mode http reqirep ^(GET|POST|HEAD)\ /phpmyadmin/(.*) \1\ /\2 # phpMyAdmin container IP server localhost 172.30.21.21:80

When using traefik, something like following should work:

defaultEntryPoints = ["http"] [entryPoints] [entryPoints.http] address = ":80" [entryPoints.http.redirect] regex = "(http:\\/\\/[^\\/]+\\/([^\\?\\.]+)[^\\/])$" replacement = "$1/" [backends] [backends.myadmin] [backends.myadmin.servers.myadmin] url="http://internal.address.to.pma" [frontends] [frontends.myadmin] backend = "myadmin" passHostHeader = true [frontends.myadmin.routes.default] rule="PathPrefixStrip:/phpmyadmin/;AddPrefix:/"

You then should specify PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI in the docker-compose configuration:

version:'2' services: phpmyadmin: restart:always image:phpmyadmin:latest container_name:phpmyadmin hostname:phpmyadmin domainname:example.com ports: -8000:80 environment: -PMA_HOSTS=172.26.36.7,172.26.36.8,172.26.36.9,172.26.36.10 -PMA_VERBOSES=production-db1,production-db2,dev-db1,dev-db2 -PMA_USER=root -PMA_PASSWORD= -PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI=http://example.com/phpmyadmin/

IBM Cloud

One of our users has created a helpful guide for installing phpMyAdmin on the IBM Cloud platform.

Quick Install

1. Choose an appropriate distribution kit from the phpmyadmin.net Downloads page. Some kits contain only the English messages, others contain all languages. We’ll assume you chose a kit whose name looks like phpMyAdmin-x.x.x-all-languages.tar.gz.

2. Ensure you have downloaded a genuine archive, see Verifying phpMyAdmin releases.

3. Untar or unzip the distribution (be sure to unzip the subdirectories): tar -xzvf phpMyAdmin_x.x.x-all-languages.tar.gz in your webserver’s document root. If you don’t have direct access to your document root, put the files in a directory on your local machine, and, after step 4, transfer the directory on your web server using, for example, FTP.

4. Ensure that all the scripts have the appropriate owner (if PHP is running in safe mode, having some scripts with an owner different from the owner of other scripts will be a problem). See 4.2 What’s the preferred way of making phpMyAdmin secure against evil access? and 1.26 I just installed phpMyAdmin in my document root of IIS but I get the error “No input file specified” when trying to run phpMyAdmin. for suggestions.

5. Now you must configure your installation. There are two methods that can be used. Traditionally, users have hand-edited a copy of config.inc.php, but now a wizard-style setup script is provided for those who prefer a graphical installation. Creating a config.inc.php is still a quick way to get started and needed for some advanced features.

Manually creating the file

To manually create the file, simply use your text editor to create the file config.inc.php (you can copy config.sample.inc.php to get a minimal configuration file) in the main (top-level) phpMyAdmin directory (the one that contains index.php). phpMyAdmin first loads the default configuration values and then overrides those values with anything found in config.inc.php. If the default value is okay for a particular setting, there is no need to include it in config.inc.php. You’ll probably need only a few directives to get going; a simple configuration may look like this:

<?php // The string is a hexadecimal representation of a 32-bytes long string of random bytes. $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = sodium_hex2bin('f16ce59f45714194371b48fe362072dc3b019da7861558cd4ad29e4d6fb13851'); $i=0; $i++; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'cookie'; // if you insist on "root" having no password: // $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = true;

Or, if you prefer to not be prompted every time you log in:

<?php $i=0; $i++; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'changeme'; // use here your password $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'config';

Warning

Storing passwords in the configuration is insecure as anybody can then manipulate your database.

For a full explanation of possible configuration values, see the Configuration of this document.

Using the Setup script

Instead of manually editing config.inc.php, you can use phpMyAdmin’s setup feature. The file can be generated using the setup and you can download it for upload to the server.

Next, open your browser and visit the location where you installed phpMyAdmin, with the /setup suffix. The changes are not saved to the server, you need to use the Download button to save them to your computer and then upload to the server.

Now the file is ready to be used. You can choose to review or edit the file with your favorite editor, if you prefer to set some advanced options that the setup script does not provide.

1. If you are using the auth_type “config”, it is suggested that you protect the phpMyAdmin installation directory because using config does not require a user to enter a password to access the phpMyAdmin installation. Use of an alternate authentication method is recommended, for example with HTTP–AUTH in a .htaccess file or switch to using auth_type cookie or http. See the ISPs, multi-user installations for additional information, especially 4.4 phpMyAdmin always gives “Access denied” when using HTTP authentication..

2. Open the main phpMyAdmin directory in your browser. phpMyAdmin should now display a welcome screen and your databases, or a login dialog if using HTTP or cookie authentication mode.

Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives

Debian and Ubuntu have changed the way in which the setup script is enabled and disabled, in a way that single command has to be executed for either of these.

To allow editing configuration invoke:

/usr/sbin/pma-configure

To block editing configuration invoke:

/usr/sbin/pma-secure

Setup script on openSUSE

Some openSUSE releases do not include setup script in the package. In case you want to generate configuration on these you can either download original package from <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/> or use setup script on our demo server: <https://demo.phpmyadmin.net/master/setup/>.

Verifying phpMyAdmin releases

Since July 2015 all phpMyAdmin releases are cryptographically signed by the releasing developer, who through January 2016 was Marc Delisle. His key id is 0xFEFC65D181AF644A, his PGP fingerprint is:

436F F188 4B1A 0C3F DCBF 0D79 FEFC 65D1 81AF 644A

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/lem9>.

Beginning in January 2016, the release manager is Isaac Bennetch. His key id is 0xCE752F178259BD92, and his PGP fingerprint is:

3D06 A59E CE73 0EB7 1B51 1C17 CE75 2F17 8259 BD92

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/ibennetch>.

Some additional downloads (for example themes) might be signed by Michal Čihař. His key id is 0x9C27B31342B7511D, and his PGP fingerprint is:

63CB 1DF1 EF12 CF2A C0EE 5A32 9C27 B313 42B7 511D

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/nijel>.

You should verify that the signature matches the archive you have downloaded. This way you can be sure that you are using the same code that was released. You should also verify the date of the signature to make sure that you downloaded the latest version.

Each archive is accompanied by .asc files which contain the PGP signature for it. Once you have both of them in the same folder, you can verify the signature:

$ gpg--verifyphpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92 gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found

As you can see gpg complains that it does not know the public key. At this point, you should do one of the following steps:

• Download the keyring from our download server, then import it with:

$ gpg--importphpmyadmin.keyring

• Download and import the key from one of the key servers:

$ gpg--keyserverhkp://pgp.mit.edu--recv-keys3D06A59ECE730EB71B511C17CE752F178259BD92 gpg: requesting key 8259BD92 from hkp server pgp.mit.edu gpg: key 8259BD92: public key "Isaac Bennetch <[email protected]>" imported gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)

This will improve the situation a bit - at this point, you can verify that the signature from the given key is correct but you still can not trust the name used in the key:

$ gpg--verifyphpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92 gpg: Good signature from "Isaac Bennetch <[email protected]>" gpg: aka "Isaac Bennetch <[email protected]>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: 3D06 A59E CE73 0EB7 1B51 1C17 CE75 2F17 8259 BD92

The problem here is that anybody could issue the key with this name. You need to ensure that the key is actually owned by the mentioned person. The GNU Privacy Handbook covers this topic in the chapter Validating other keys on your public keyring. The most reliable method is to meet the developer in person and exchange key fingerprints, however, you can also rely on the web of trust. This way you can trust the key transitively though signatures of others, who have met the developer in person.

Once the key is trusted, the warning will not occur:

$ gpg--verifyphpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92 gpg: Good signature from "Isaac Bennetch <[email protected]>" [full]

Should the signature be invalid (the archive has been changed), you would get a clear error regardless of the fact that the key is trusted or not:

$ gpg--verifyphpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92 gpg: BAD signature from "Isaac Bennetch <[email protected]>" [unknown]

phpMyAdmin configuration storage

Changed in version 3.4.0: Prior to phpMyAdmin 3.4.0 this was called Linked Tables Infrastructure, but the name was changed due to the extended scope of the storage.

For a whole set of additional features (Bookmarks, comments, SQL-history, tracking mechanism, PDF-generation, Transformations, Relations etc.) you need to create a set of special tables. Those tables can be located in your own database, or in a central database for a multi-user installation (this database would then be accessed by the controluser, so no other user should have rights to it).

Zero configuration

In many cases, this database structure can be automatically created and configured. This is called “Zero Configuration” mode and can be particularly useful in shared hosting situations. “Zeroconf” mode is on by default, to disable set $cfg['ZeroConf'] to false.

The following three scenarios are covered by the Zero Configuration mode:

• When entering a database where the configuration storage tables are not present, phpMyAdmin offers to create them from the Operations tab.

• When entering a database where the tables do already exist, the software automatically detects this and begins using them. This is the most common situation; after the tables are initially created automatically they are continually used without disturbing the user; this is also most useful on shared hosting where the user is not able to edit config.inc.php and usually the user only has access to one database.

• When having access to multiple databases, if the user first enters the database containing the configuration storage tables then switches to another database, phpMyAdmin continues to use the tables from the first database; the user is not prompted to create more tables in the new database.

Manual configuration

Please look at your ./sql/ directory, where you should find a file called create_tables.sql. (If you are using a Windows server, pay special attention to 1.23 I’m running MySQL on a Win32 machine. Each time I create a new table the table and column names are changed to lowercase!).

If you already had this infrastructure and:

• upgraded to MySQL 4.1.2 or newer, please use sql/upgrade_tables_mysql_4_1_2+.sql.

• upgraded to phpMyAdmin 4.3.0 or newer from 2.5.0 or newer (<= 4.2.x), please use sql/upgrade_column_info_4_3_0+.sql.

• upgraded to phpMyAdmin 4.7.0 or newer from 4.3.0 or newer, please use sql/upgrade_tables_4_7_0+.sql.

and then create new tables by importing sql/create_tables.sql.

You can use your phpMyAdmin to create the tables for you. Please be aware that you may need special (administrator) privileges to create the database and tables, and that the script may need some tuning, depending on the database name.

After having imported the sql/create_tables.sql file, you should specify the table names in your config.inc.php file. The directives used for that can be found in the Configuration.

You will also need to have a controluser ($cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] settings) with the proper rights to those tables. For example you can create it using following statement:

And for any MariaDB version:

CREATEUSER'pma'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDVIAmysql_native_passwordUSING'pmapass'; GRANTSELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETEON`<pma_db>`.*TO'pma'@'localhost';

For MySQL 8.0 and newer:

CREATEUSER'pma'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDWITHcaching_sha2_passwordBY'pmapass'; GRANTSELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETEON<pma_db>.*TO'pma'@'localhost';

For MySQL older than 8.0:

CREATEUSER'pma'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDWITHmysql_native_passwordAS'pmapass'; GRANTSELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETEON<pma_db>.*TO'pma'@'localhost';

Note that MySQL installations with PHP older than 7.4 and MySQL newer than 8.0 may require using the mysql_native_password authentication as a workaround, see 1.45 I get an error message about unknown authentication method caching_sha2_password when trying to log in for details.

Upgrading from an older version

Warning

Never extract the new version over an existing installation of phpMyAdmin, always first remove the old files keeping just the configuration.

This way, you will not leave any old or outdated files in the directory, which can have severe security implications or can cause various breakages.

Simply copy config.inc.php from your previous installation into the newly unpacked one. Configuration files from old versions may require some tweaking as some options have been changed or removed. For compatibility with PHP 5.3 and later, remove a set_magic_quotes_runtime(0); statement that you might find near the end of your configuration file.

The complete upgrade can be performed in a few simple steps:

1. Download the latest phpMyAdmin version from <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/>.

2. Rename existing phpMyAdmin folder (for example to phpmyadmin-old).

3. Unpack freshly downloaded phpMyAdmin to the desired location (for example phpmyadmin).

4. Copy config.inc.php` from old location (phpmyadmin-old) to the new one (phpmyadmin).

5. Test that everything works properly.

6. Remove backup of a previous version (phpmyadmin-old).

If you have upgraded your MySQL server from a version previous to 4.1.2 to version 5.x or newer and if you use the phpMyAdmin configuration storage, you should run the SQL script found in sql/upgrade_tables_mysql_4_1_2+.sql.

If you have upgraded your phpMyAdmin to 4.3.0 or newer from 2.5.0 or newer (<= 4.2.x) and if you use the phpMyAdmin configuration storage, you should run the SQL script found in sql/upgrade_column_info_4_3_0+.sql.

Do not forget to clear the browser cache and to empty the old session by logging out and logging in again.

Using authentication modes

HTTP and cookie authentication modes are recommended in a multi-user environment where you want to give users access to their own database and don’t want them to play around with others. Nevertheless, be aware that MS Internet Explorer seems to be really buggy about cookies, at least till version 6. Even in a single-user environment, you might prefer to use HTTP or cookie mode so that your user/password pair are not in clear in the configuration file.

HTTP and cookie authentication modes are more secure: the MySQL login information does not need to be set in the phpMyAdmin configuration file (except possibly for the $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser']). However, keep in mind that the password travels in plain text unless you are using the HTTPS protocol. In cookie mode, the password is stored, encrypted with the AES algorithm, in a temporary cookie.

Then each of the true users should be granted a set of privileges on a set of particular databases. Normally you shouldn’t give global privileges to an ordinary user unless you understand the impact of those privileges (for example, you are creating a superuser). For example, to grant the user real_user with all privileges on the database user_base:

GRANTALLPRIVILEGESONuser_base.*TO'real_user'@localhostIDENTIFIEDBY'real_password';

What the user may now do is controlled entirely by the MySQL user management system. With HTTP or cookie authentication mode, you don’t need to fill the user/password fields inside the $cfg['Servers'].

See also

1.32 Can I use HTTP authentication with IIS?, 1.35 Can I use HTTP authentication with Apache CGI?, 4.1 I’m an ISP. Can I setup one central copy of phpMyAdmin or do I need to install it for each customer?, 4.2 What’s the preferred way of making phpMyAdmin secure against evil access?, 4.3 I get errors about not being able to include a file in /lang or in /libraries.

HTTP authentication mode

• Uses HTTP Basic authentication method and allows you to log in as any valid MySQL user.

• Is supported with most PHP configurations. For IIS (ISAPI) support using CGI PHP see 1.32 Can I use HTTP authentication with IIS?, for using with Apache CGI see 1.35 Can I use HTTP authentication with Apache CGI?.

• When PHP is running under Apache’s mod_proxy_fcgi (e.g. with PHP-FPM), Authorization headers are not passed to the underlying FCGI application, such that your credentials will not reach the application. In this case, you can add the following configuration directive:

  SetEnvIfAuthorization"(.*)"HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=$1

• See also 4.4 phpMyAdmin always gives “Access denied” when using HTTP authentication. about not using the .htaccess mechanism along with ‘HTTP’ authentication mode.

Note

There is no way to do proper logout in HTTP authentication, most browsers will remember credentials until there is no different successful authentication. Because of this, this method has a limitation that you can not login with the same user after logout.

Cookie authentication mode

• Username and password are stored in cookies during the session and password is deleted when it ends.

• With this mode, the user can truly log out of phpMyAdmin and log back in with the same username (this is not possible with HTTP authentication mode).

• If you want to allow users to enter any hostname to connect (rather than only servers that are configured in config.inc.php), see the $cfg['AllowArbitraryServer'] directive.

• As mentioned in the Requirements section, having the openssl extension will speed up access considerably, but is not required.

Signon authentication mode

• This mode is a convenient way of using credentials from another application to authenticate to phpMyAdmin to implement a single signon solution.

• The other application has to store login information into session data (see $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonSession'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonCookieParams']) or you need to implement script to return the credentials (see $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript']).

• When no credentials are available, the user is being redirected to $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonURL'], where you should handle the login process.

The very basic example of saving credentials in a session is available as examples/signon.php:

<?php /** * Single signon for phpMyAdmin * * This is just example how to use session based single signon with * phpMyAdmin, it is not intended to be perfect code and look, only * shows how you can integrate this functionality in your application. */ declare(strict_types=1); /* Use cookies for session */ ini_set('session.use_cookies', 'true'); /* Change this to true if using phpMyAdmin over https */ $secure_cookie = false; /* Need to have cookie visible from parent directory */ session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '', $secure_cookie, true); /* Create signon session */ $session_name = 'SignonSession'; session_name($session_name); // Uncomment and change the following line to match your $cfg['SessionSavePath'] //session_save_path('/foobar'); @session_start(); /* Was data posted? */ if (isset($_POST['user'])) { /* Store there credentials */ $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_user'] = $_POST['user']; $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_password'] = $_POST['password']; $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_host'] = $_POST['host']; $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_port'] = $_POST['port']; /* Update another field of server configuration */ $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_cfgupdate'] = ['verbose' => 'Signon test']; $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_HMAC_secret'] = hash('sha1', uniqid(strval(random_int(0, mt_getrandmax())), true)); $id = session_id(); /* Close that session */ @session_write_close(); /* Redirect to phpMyAdmin (should use absolute URL here!) */ header('Location: ../index.php'); } else { /* Show simple form */ header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8'); echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>' . "\n"; echo '<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <link rel="icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>phpMyAdmin single signon example</title> </head> <body>'; if (isset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'])) { echo '<p class="error">'; echo $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message']; echo '</p>'; } echo '<form action="signon.php" method="post"> Username: <input type="text" name="user" autocomplete="username" spellcheck="false"><br> Password: <input type="password" name="password" autocomplete="current-password" spellcheck="false"><br> Host: (will use the one from config.inc.php by default) <input type="text" name="host"><br> Port: (will use the one from config.inc.php by default) <input type="text" name="port"><br> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>'; }

Alternatively, you can also use this way to integrate with OpenID as shown in examples/openid.php:

<?php /** * Single signon for phpMyAdmin using OpenID * * This is just example how to use single signon with phpMyAdmin, it is * not intended to be perfect code and look, only shows how you can * integrate this functionality in your application. * * It uses OpenID pear package, see https://pear.php.net/package/OpenID * * User first authenticates using OpenID and based on content of $AUTH_MAP * the login information is passed to phpMyAdmin in session data. */ declare(strict_types=1); if (false === @include_once 'OpenID/RelyingParty.php') { exit; } /* Change this to true if using phpMyAdmin over https */ $secure_cookie = false; /** * Map of authenticated users to MySQL user/password pairs. */ $AUTH_MAP = [ 'https://launchpad.net/~username' => [ 'user' => 'root', 'password' => '', ], ]; // phpcs:disable PSR1.Files.SideEffects,Squiz.Functions.GlobalFunction /** * Simple function to show HTML page with given content. * * @param string $contents Content to include in page */ function Show_page($contents): void { header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8'); echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>' . "\n"; echo '<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <link rel="icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>phpMyAdmin OpenID signon example</title> </head> <body>'; if (isset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'])) { echo '<p class="error">' . $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_message'] . '</p>'; unset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_message']); } echo $contents; echo '</body></html>'; } /** * Display error and exit * * @param Exception $e Exception object */ function Die_error($e): void { $contents = "<div class='relyingparty_results'>\n"; $contents .= '<pre>' . htmlspecialchars($e->getMessage()) . "</pre>\n"; $contents .= "</div class='relyingparty_results'>"; Show_page($contents); exit; } // phpcs:enable /* Need to have cookie visible from parent directory */ session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '', $secure_cookie, true); /* Create signon session */ $session_name = 'SignonSession'; session_name($session_name); @session_start(); // Determine realm and return_to $base = 'http'; if (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] === 'on') { $base .= 's'; } $base .= '://' . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] . ':' . $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']; $realm = $base . '/'; $returnTo = $base . dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']); if ($returnTo[strlen($returnTo) - 1] !== '/') { $returnTo .= '/'; } $returnTo .= 'openid.php'; /* Display form */ if ((! count($_GET) && ! count($_POST)) || isset($_GET['phpMyAdmin'])) { /* Show simple form */ $content = '<form action="openid.php" method="post"> OpenID: <input type="text" name="identifier"><br> <input type="submit" name="start"> </form>'; Show_page($content); exit; } /* Grab identifier */ $identifier = null; if (isset($_POST['identifier']) && is_string($_POST['identifier'])) { $identifier = $_POST['identifier']; } elseif (isset($_SESSION['identifier']) && is_string($_SESSION['identifier'])) { $identifier = $_SESSION['identifier']; } /* Create OpenID object */ try { $o = new OpenID_RelyingParty($returnTo, $realm, $identifier); } catch (Throwable $e) { Die_error($e); } /* Redirect to OpenID provider */ if (isset($_POST['start'])) { try { $authRequest = $o->prepare(); } catch (Throwable $e) { Die_error($e); } $url = $authRequest->getAuthorizeURL(); header('Location: ' . $url); exit; } /* Grab query string */ if (! count($_POST)) { [, $queryString] = explode('?', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); } else { // Fetch the raw query body $queryString = file_get_contents('php://input'); } /* Check reply */ try { $message = new OpenID_Message($queryString, OpenID_Message::FORMAT_HTTP); } catch (Throwable $e) { Die_error($e); } $id = $message->get('openid.claimed_id'); if (empty($id) || ! isset($AUTH_MAP[$id])) { Show_page('<p>User not allowed!</p>'); exit; } $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_user'] = $AUTH_MAP[$id]['user']; $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_password'] = $AUTH_MAP[$id]['password']; $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_HMAC_secret'] = hash('sha1', uniqid(strval(random_int(0, mt_getrandmax())), true)); session_write_close(); /* Redirect to phpMyAdmin (should use absolute URL here!) */ header('Location: ../index.php');

If you intend to pass the credentials using some other means than, you have to implement wrapper in PHP to get that data and set it to $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript']. There is a very minimal example in examples/signon-script.php:

<?php /** * Single signon for phpMyAdmin * * This is just example how to use script based single signon with * phpMyAdmin, it is not intended to be perfect code and look, only * shows how you can integrate this functionality in your application. */ declare(strict_types=1); // phpcs:disable Squiz.Functions.GlobalFunction /** * This function returns username and password. * * It can optionally use configured username as parameter. * * @param string $user User name * * @return array */ function get_login_credentials($user) { /* Optionally we can use passed username */ if (! empty($user)) { return [ $user, 'password', ]; } /* Here we would retrieve the credentials */ return [ 'root', '', ]; }

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonSession'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonCookieParams'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonURL'], Example for signon authentication

Config authentication mode

• This mode is sometimes the less secure one because it requires you to fill the $cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] fields (and as a result, anyone who can read your config.inc.php can discover your username and password).

• In the ISPs, multi-user installations section, there is an entry explaining how to protect your configuration file.

• For additional security in this mode, you may wish to consider the Host authentication $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['order'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['rules'] configuration directives.

• Unlike cookie and http, does not require a user to log in when first loading the phpMyAdmin site. This is by design but could allow any user to access your installation. Use of some restriction method is suggested, perhaps a .htaccess file with the HTTP-AUTH directive or disallowing incoming HTTP requests at one’s router or firewall will suffice (both of which are beyond the scope of this manual but easily searchable with Google).

Securing your phpMyAdmin installation

The phpMyAdmin team tries hard to make the application secure, however there are always ways to make your installation more secure:

• Follow our Security announcements and upgrade phpMyAdmin whenever new vulnerability is published.

• Serve phpMyAdmin on HTTPS only. Preferably, you should use HSTS as well, so that you’re protected from protocol downgrade attacks.

• Ensure your PHP setup follows recommendations for production sites, for example display_errors should be disabled.

• Remove the test directory from phpMyAdmin, unless you are developing and need a test suite.

• Remove the setup directory from phpMyAdmin, you will probably not use it after the initial setup.

• Properly choose an authentication method - Cookie authentication mode is probably the best choice for shared hosting.

• Deny access to auxiliary files in ./libraries/ or ./templates/ subfolders in your webserver configuration. Such configuration prevents from possible path exposure and cross side scripting vulnerabilities that might happen to be found in that code. For the Apache webserver, this is often accomplished with a .htaccess file in those directories.

• Deny access to temporary files, see $cfg['TempDir'] (if that is placed inside your web root, see also Web server upload/save/import directories.

• It is generally a good idea to protect a public phpMyAdmin installation against access by robots as they usually can not do anything good there. You can do this using robots.txt file in the root of your webserver or limit access by web server configuration, see 1.42 How can I prevent robots from accessing phpMyAdmin?.

• In case you don’t want all MySQL users to be able to access phpMyAdmin, you can use $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['rules'] to limit them or $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowRoot'] to deny root user access.

• Enable Two-factor authentication for your account.

• Consider hiding phpMyAdmin behind an authentication proxy, so that users need to authenticate prior to providing MySQL credentials to phpMyAdmin. You can achieve this by configuring your web server to request HTTP authentication. For example in Apache this can be done with:

  AuthTypeBasic AuthName"Restricted Access" AuthUserFile/usr/share/phpmyadmin/passwd Requirevalid-user

  Once you have changed the configuration, you need to create a list of users which can authenticate. This can be done using the htpasswd utility:

  htpasswd-c/usr/share/phpmyadmin/passwdusername

• If you are afraid of automated attacks, enabling Captcha by $cfg['CaptchaLoginPublicKey'] and $cfg['CaptchaLoginPrivateKey'] might be an option.

• Failed login attempts are logged to syslog (if available, see $cfg['AuthLog']). This can allow using a tool such as fail2ban to block brute-force attempts. Note that the log file used by syslog is not the same as the Apache error or access log files.

• In case you’re running phpMyAdmin together with other PHP applications, it is generally advised to use separate session storage for phpMyAdmin to avoid possible session-based attacks against it. You can use $cfg['SessionSavePath'] to achieve this.

Using SSL for connection to database server

It is recommended to use SSL when connecting to remote database server. There are several configuration options involved in the SSL setup:

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl']

Defines whether to use SSL at all. If you enable only this, the connection will be encrypted, but there is not authentication of the connection - you can not verify that you are talking to the right server.

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert']

This is used for authentication of client to the server.

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca_path']

The certificate authorities you trust for server certificates. This is used to ensure that you are talking to a trusted server.

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']

This configuration disables server certificate verification. Use with caution.

When the database server is using a local connection or private network and SSL can not be configured you can use $cfg['MysqlSslWarningSafeHosts'] to explicitly list the hostnames that are considered secure.

See also

Google Cloud SQL with SSL, Amazon RDS Aurora with SSL, $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca_path'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ciphers'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']

Known issues

Users with column-specific privileges are unable to “Browse”

If a user has only column-specific privileges on some (but not all) columns in a table, “Browse” will fail with an error message.

As a workaround, a bookmarked query with the same name as the table can be created, this will run when using the “Browse” link instead. Issue 11922.

Trouble logging back in after logging out using ‘http’ authentication

When using the ‘http’ auth_type, it can be impossible to log back in (when the logout comes manually or after a period of inactivity). Issue 11898.