Java JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) Tutorial With Examples
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- What is JSTL?
- JSTL Overview
- Download JSTL libraries
- Create WebApp project
- JSTL library declaration
- Configuring Webapp
- The classes participated in the examples
- JSTL Core Tags
- JSTL Formatting and Localization Tags
1. What is JSTL?
JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) is the standard tag library that provides tags to control the JSP page behavior, iteration and control statements, internationalization tags, and SQL tags.JSTL is part of the Java EE API and included in most servlet containers. But to use JSTL in your JSP pages, you need to download the JSTL jars for your servlet container. Most of the times, you can find them in the example projects and you can use them. You need to include these libraries in the project WEB-INF/lib directory. If your project is a Maven project you need to declare these libraries on pom.xml2. JSTL Overview
Based on the JSTL functions, they are categorized into five types.| Functions | Description / Declaration |
| Core Tags | Core tags provide support for iteration, conditional logic, catch exception, url, forward or redirect response etc. To use JSTL core tags, you should include it in the JSP page like below. |
| Core Tags |
|
| Formatting and Localization Tags | These tags are provided for formatting of Numbers, Dates and i18n support through locales and resource bundles. You can include these tags in JSP with below syntax: |
| Formatting and Localization Tags |
|
| SQL Tags: | JSTL SQL Tags provide support for interaction with relational databases such as Oracle, MySql etc. Using SQL tags you can run database queries, you include it in JSP with below syntax: |
| SQL Tags: |
|
| XML Tags | XML tags are used to work with XML documents such as parsing XML, transforming XML data and XPath expressions evaluation. Syntax to include XML tags in JSP page is: |
| XML Tags |
|
| JSTL Functions Tags | JSTL tags provide a number of functions that you can use to perform common operation, most of them are for String manipulation such as String Concatenation, Split String etc. Syntax to include JSTL functions in JSP page is: |
| JSTL Functions Tags |
|
3. Download JSTL libraries
First, you need to download standard JSTL. If you downloaded Tomcat server, library files are in the folder:- <Tomcat>/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib
- taglibs-standard-impl-**.jar
- taglibs-standard-spec-**.jar
Normally, standard JSTL libraries named taglibs-standard-spec-**.jar and taglibs-standard-impl-**.jar. Sometimes, these librabries called under different name such as javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-*.jar,javax.servlet.jsp.jslt-api-*.jar.| JSTL library (Provided by Apache) | JSTL library (Provided by Glassfish) |
| taglibs-standard-spec-*.jar | javax.servlet.jsp.jslt-api-*.jar |
| taglibs-standard-impl-*.jar | javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-*.jar |
- Provided by Apache:
- Or Provided by Glassfish:
- Provided by the Sun (Slightly older, rarely used now).
- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.taglibs/taglibs-standard-spec
Standard impl:- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.taglibs/taglibs-standard-impl
The results you download are:
4. Create WebApp project
To learn JSTL you need to create a project Web App to run the examples:- File/New/Other..
Enter project name:- JSTLTutorial
Project is created.
5. JSTL library declaration
Copy the JSTL libraries into the WEB-INF/lib
6. Configuring Webapp
First of all, you need to download and declare Tomcat Server with Eclipse. You can find the instruction at- Install Tomcat Server for Eclipse
Right-click the project and select: - Run As/Run on Server
Do not worry if you get a message like this, simply because your website does not have any page.
7. The classes participated in the examples
You need some classes which participate in the examples in this document.
Dept.javapackage org.o7planning.jslttutorial.beans; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; public class Dept { private int deptNo; private String deptName; private String location; private Set<Emp> employees; public Dept() { } public Dept(int deptNo, String deptName, String location) { this.deptNo = deptNo; this.deptName = deptName; this.location = location; } public int getDeptNo() { return deptNo; } public void setDeptNo(int deptNo) { this.deptNo = deptNo; } public String getDeptName() { return deptName; } public void setDeptName(String deptName) { this.deptName = deptName; } public String getLocation() { return location; } public void setLocation(String location) { this.location = location; } public Set<Emp> getEmployees() { return employees; } public void setEmployees(Set<Emp> employees) { this.employees = employees; } public void addEmployee(Emp employee) { if(this.employees== null) { this.employees= new HashSet<Emp>(); } this.employees.add(employee); } }Emp.javapackage org.o7planning.jslttutorial.beans; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; public class Emp { private int empNo; private String empName; private String job; private Date hireDate; private float salary; private static final DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy"); public Emp() { } // @hireDateStr - must have the format 'MM/dd/yyyy'. public Emp(int empNo, String empName, String job, String hireDateStr, float salary) { this.empNo = empNo; this.empName = empName; this.job = job; this.salary = salary; try { this.hireDate = df.parse(hireDateStr); } catch (ParseException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } public int getEmpNo() { return empNo; } public void setEmpNo(int empNo) { this.empNo = empNo; } public String getEmpName() { return empName; } public void setEmpName(String empName) { this.empName = empName; } public String getJob() { return job; } public void setJob(String job) { this.job = job; } public Date getHireDate() { return hireDate; } public void setHireDate(Date hireDate) { this.hireDate = hireDate; } public float getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(float salary) { this.salary = salary; } }DBUtils.javapackage org.o7planning.jslttutorial.utils; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import org.o7planning.jslttutorial.beans.Dept; import org.o7planning.jslttutorial.beans.Emp; public class DBUtils { private static final List<Dept> DEPARTMENTS = new ArrayList<Dept>(); static { initData(); } // Simulation data in the Database. private static void initData() { Dept accountingDept = new Dept(10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK"); accountingDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", "6/9/1981", 2450.00f)); accountingDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", "11/17/1981", 5000.00f)); accountingDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", "6/9/1981", 1300.00f)); // Dept reseachDept = new Dept(20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS"); reseachDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", "12/17/1980", 800.00f)); reseachDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", "4/19/1987", 3000.00f)); reseachDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", "5/23/1987", 1100.00f)); reseachDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7876, "FORD", "ANALYST", "12/3/1981", 3000.00f)); reseachDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", "4/2/1981", 2975.00f)); // // Dept salesDept = new Dept(30, "SALES", "CHICAGO"); salesDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", "9/28/1981", 1250.00f)); salesDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", "2/20/1981", 1600.00f)); salesDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", "2/22/1981", 1250.00f)); salesDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", "9/8/1981", 1500.00f)); salesDept.addEmployee(new Emp(7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", "12/3/1981", 950.00f)); // Dept openrationsDept = new Dept(40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON"); // DEPARTMENTS.add(accountingDept); DEPARTMENTS.add(reseachDept); DEPARTMENTS.add(salesDept); DEPARTMENTS.add(openrationsDept); } // Query Department table. public static List<Dept> queryDepartments() { return DEPARTMENTS; } // Query the Employee table. // Get the list of employees of a department. public static Set<Emp> queryEmployees(int deptNo) { for (Dept dept : DEPARTMENTS) { if (deptNo == dept.getDeptNo()) { return dept.getEmployees(); } } return null; } }8. JSTL Core Tags
| Tag | Description |
| <c:out> | To write something in JSP page, you can use EL also with this tag |
| <c:import> | Same as <jsp:include> or include directive |
| <c:redirect> | redirect request to another resource |
| <c:set> | To set the variable value in given scope. |
| <c:remove> | To remove the variable from given scope |
| <c:catch> | To catch the exception and wrap it into an object. |
| <c:if> | Simple conditional logic, used with EL and you can use it to process the exception from <c:catch> |
| <c:choose> | Simple conditional tag that establishes a context for mutually exclusive conditional operations, marked by <c:when> and <c:otherwise> |
| <c:when> | Subtag of <c:choose> that includes its body if its condition evalutes to ‘true’. |
| <c:otherwise> | Subtag of <c:choose> that includes its body if its condition evalutes to ‘false’. |
| <c:forEach> | for iteration over a collection |
| <c:forTokens> | for iteration over tokens separated by a delimiter. |
| <c:param> | used with <c:import> to pass parameters |
| <c:url> | to create a URL with optional query string parameters |
| Equals | == | eq |
| Not equals | != | ne |
| Less than | < | lt |
| Greater than | > | gt |
| Less than or equals | <= | le |
| Greater than or equals | >= | ge |
| Concept | EL Condition | Result |
| Numeric less than | ${1 < 2} | true |
| Numeric greater than | ${1 > 2} | false |
| Numeric less than | ${1 lt 2} | true |
| Numeric greater than | ${1 gt 2} | false |
| Numeric Greater than or equal | ${1 >= 1} | true |
| Numeric Less than or equal | ${1 <= 1} | true |
| Numeric less than or equal | ${1 le 1} | true |
| Numeric greater than or equal | ${1 ge 1} | true |
| Numeric equal to | ${1 == 1} | true |
| Numeric equal to | ${1 eq 1} | true |
| Numeric not equal to | ${1 != 2} | true |
| Numeric not equal to | ${1 ne 2} | true |
| Alphabetic less than | ${'abe' < 'ade'} | true |
| Alphabetic greater than | ${'abe' > 'ade'} | false |
| Alphabetic equal to | ${'abe' eq 'abe'} | true |
| Alphabetic not equal to | ${'abe' ne 'ade'} | true |
| Operator | Description |
| && | And |
| || | Or |
| ${(guess >= 10) && (guess <= 20)} | ${ guess >= 10 && guess <= 20 } |
| ${(guess < 10) || (guess > 20)} | ${ guess < 10 || guess > 20 } |
If you do not want users to access directly to the JSP page, you can place them in the WEB-INF directory or subdirectories of this directory.
In Servlet, you can store data in an attribute of the request, this data only exists while the request taking place.// Get data from DB. List<Dept> list = DBUtils.queryDepartments(); // Store data on 'departments' attribute of request. request.setAttribute("departments", list);In JSP, you can use the data that has been already stored on the attributes of the request.<c:forEach items="${requestScope.departments}" var="dept"> ${dept.deptName} </c:forEach> <!-- Or (no need requestScope) --> <c:forEach items="${departments}" var="dept"> ${dept.deptName} </c:forEach>View full example:JstlCoreEx01Servlet.javapackage org.o7planning.jslttutorial.servlets; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.o7planning.jslttutorial.beans.Dept; import org.o7planning.jslttutorial.utils.DBUtils; @WebServlet("/jstlCoreExample01") public class JstlCoreEx01Servlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public JstlCoreEx01Servlet() { super(); } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // Query data from database. List<Dept> list = DBUtils.queryDepartments(); // Store data to 'departments' attribute of request request.setAttribute("departments", list); // Create RequestDispatcher object // to forward the request to jstl_core_example01.jsp RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext() .getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsps/jstl_core_example01.jsp"); // Forward the request to JSP page. dispatcher.forward(request, response); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }/WEB-INF/jsps/jstl_core_example01.jsp<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>JSTL Core Tags Example 01</title> </head> <body> <h2>Departments and Employees</h2> <c:forEach items="${departments}" var="dept"> <h3>${dept.deptName}</h3> <ul> <c:forEach items="${dept.employees}" var="emp"> <li> ${emp.empName} - (${emp.job}) </li> </c:forEach> </ul> </c:forEach> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/jstlCoreExample01
c:if<c:if> is used to test a certain condition is true or false. Such examples below to check if a collection has elements or not (Check if existing department have employee or not). This example is the same example above but only show the departments which have employees.JstlCoreEx02Servlet.javapackage org.o7planning.jslttutorial.servlets; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.o7planning.jslttutorial.beans.Dept; import org.o7planning.jslttutorial.utils.DBUtils; @WebServlet("/jstlCoreExample02") public class JstlCoreEx02Servlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public JstlCoreEx02Servlet() { super(); } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // Query data from Database. List<Dept> list = DBUtils.queryDepartments(); // Store Data into 'departments' attribute of request. request.setAttribute("departments", list); // Create RequestDispatcher object // to forward the request to jstl_core_example02.jsp RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext() .getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsps/jstl_core_example02.jsp"); // Forward the request to JSP page. dispatcher.forward(request, response); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }/WEB-INF/jsps/jstl_core_example02.jsp<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>JSTL Core Tags Example 01</title> </head> <body> <h2>Departments and Employees</h2> <c:forEach items="${departments}" var="dept"> <!-- Check if collection is not null or not empty --> <c:if test="${not empty dept.employees}"> <h3>${dept.deptName}</h3> <ul> <c:forEach items="${dept.employees}" var="emp"> <li> ${emp.empName} - (${emp.job}) </li> </c:forEach> </ul> </c:if> </c:forEach> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/jstlCoreExample02
c:choose - c:when - c:otherwise
Syntax:<c:choose> <c:when test="${condition1}"> <%-- do something if condition1 is true --%> </c:when> <c:when test="${condition2}"> <%-- do something if condition2 is true --%> </c:when> <c:otherwise> <%-- Statements which gets executed when all <c:when> tests are false. --%> </c:otherwise> </c:choose>Example:c_choose.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>c:choose,c:when,c:otherwise example</title> </head> <body> <h2>c:choose,c:when,c:otherwise example</h2> <c:choose> <%-- When color parameter == 'red' --%> <c:when test="${param.color=='red'}"> <p style="color:red;">RED COLOR</p> </c:when> <%-- When color parameter == 'blue' --%> <c:when test="${param.color=='blue'}"> <p style="color:blue;">BLUE COLOR</p> </c:when> <%-- Otherwise --%> <c:otherwise> <b>Other color</b> </c:otherwise> </c:choose> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/c_choose.jsp?color=blue
c:outThe <c:out> tag displays the result of an expression, similar to the way <%= %> works with a difference that <c:out> tag lets you use the simpler "." notation to access properties. For example, to access dept.deptName just use tag is <c:out value="${dept.deptName}"/>. The <c:out> tag can automatically escape XML content.The <c:out> tag can automatically escape XML content.Example:c_out.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>c:out example</title> </head> <body> <h2>c:out example</h2> <c:out value="${'This is true: 10 > 1 '}" /> <br/> Tag: <c:out value="${'<atag> , &'}"/> </body> </html>Running the example:'Escape' means that if there are special characters <> or & are in <c:out>, when printed it will be converted to < and > and &
- For example:
- <c:out value = "${'<atag> &'}" />
- Print out (See in the source of the page in the browser).
- <atag< &
- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/c_out.jsp
c:setc_set.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>c:set example</title> </head> <body> <h2>c:set example</h2> <c:set scope="request" var="greeting" value="Hello every body" /> Greeting: <c:out value="${greeting}"/> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/c_set.jsp
c:removec_remove.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>c:remove example</title> </head> <body> <h2>c:remove example</h2> <c:set scope="request" var="greeting" value="Hello every body" /> Greeting: <c:out value="${greeting}"/> <br/><br/> <c:remove scope="request" var="greeting" /> After remove: <br/> Greeting: <c:out value="${greeting}"/> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/c_remove.jsp
c:catchc_catch.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>c:catch example</title> </head> <body> <h2>c:catch example</h2> <c:catch var ="ex"> <% int a = 100/0; %> </c:catch> <c:if test = "${ex != null}"> Exception : ${ex} <br /> Message: ${ex.message} </c:if> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/c_catch.jsp
c:forTokensc_forTokens.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>c:forTokens example</title> </head> <body> <h2>c:forTokens example</h2> <c:forTokens items="Tom,Jerry,Donald" delims="," var="name"> <c:out value="${name}"/><p> </c:forTokens> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/c_forTokens.jsp
c:url - c:paramc_url.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>c:url,c:param example</title> </head> <body> <h2>c:url,c:param example</h2> <c:url value="http://example.com/showPage.jsp" var="myURL"> <c:param name="color" value="red"/> <c:param name="background" value="blue"/> </c:url> <c:out value="${myURL}"/> </body> </html>Running the example:- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/c_url.jsp
9. JSTL Formatting and Localization Tags
The JSTL formatting tags are used to format and display text, the date, the time, and numbers for internationalized Web sites.| Tag | Description |
| <fmt:formatNumber> | To render numerical value with specific precision or format. |
| <fmt:parseNumber> | Parses the string representation of a number, currency, or percentage. |
| <fmt:formatDate> | Formats a date and/or time using the supplied styles and pattern |
| <fmt:parseDate> | Parses the string representation of a date and/or time |
| <fmt:bundle> | Loads a resource bundle to be used by its tag body. |
| <fmt:setLocale> | Stores the given locale in the locale configuration variable. |
| <fmt:setBundle> | Loads a resource bundle and stores it in the named scoped variable or the bundle configuration variable. |
| <fmt:timeZone> | Specifies the time zone for any time formatting or parsing actions nested in its body. |
| <fmt:setTimeZone> | Stores the given time zone in the time zone configuration variable |
| <fmt:message> | To display an internationalized message. |
| <fmt:requestEncoding> | Sets the request character encoding |
Name | Required | Type | Default | Description |
value | Yes | Number | Numeric value to be formatted. | |
type | String | number | Determines whether the value is formatted as a number, currency or percentage. | |
pattern | String | Formatting pattern. | ||
currencyCode | String | From the default locale | The currency code to be used if the type attribute is currency. | |
currencySymbol | String | From the default locale | The currency symbol to be used if the type attribute is currency. | |
groupingUsed | String | true | Whether any grouping separated to be used when formatting the output. | |
maxIntegerDigits | Integer | Maximum number of digits in the integer portion. | ||
minIntegerDigits | Integer | Minimum number of digits in the integer portion. | ||
maxFractionDigits | Integer | Maximum number of digits in the fraction portion. | ||
minFractionDigits | Integer | Minimum number of digits in the fraction portion. | ||
var | String | Print to page | Name of the variable which stores the formatted result. | |
scope | String | Scope to store the var. |
fmt:parseNumberThe <fmt:parseNumber> is used to parse a series of numbers, currency or percent, and returns a numberSyntax:<fmt:parseNumber value="<string>" type="<string>" pattern="<string>" parseLocale="<string>" integerOnly="<string>" var="<string>" scope="<string>"/>Attributes:Name | Required | Type | Default | Description |
value | Yes | String | String to be parsed. | |
type | String | number | Determines whether the String provided in the value attribute to be parsed as a NUMBER, CURRENRY or PERCENTAGE. Default is NUMBER. | |
pattern | String | Pattern on how the given string in the value attribute is parsed. | ||
parseLocale | String | Default locale | Locale to use when parsing the value using the given pattern. | |
integerOnly | String | false | Specifies whether only the integer part of the value is parsed. | |
var | String | Print to page | Name of the variable which stores the result of the parsed value. The result is of type java.lang.Number. | |
scope | String | page | Scope for the var to store. |
fmt:formatDateThe <fmt:formatDate> tag to format the date or time information using provided styles and pattern.Attributes:Name | Required | Type | Default | Description |
value | True | Date | Date or time to be formatted. | |
type | False | String | date | Determines whether date or time or both to be formatted in the given date. (date, time, both) |
dateStyle | False | String | default | Formatting style for date. The date format can be specified with similar semantics in class java.text.DateFormat. |
timeStyle | False | String | default | Formatting style for time. The time format can be specified with similar semantics in class java.text.DateFormat. |
pattern | False | String | Pattern to be used for date and time when formatting. | |
timeZone | False | String | Default time zone | Time zone to represent for the formatted time. |
var | False | String | Print to Page | Name of the variable to store the resulted formatted date or time. |
scope | False | String | page | Scope to store the var. |
| Code | Purpose | Sample |
G | The era designator | AD |
y | The year | 2002 |
M | The month | April & 04 |
d | The day of the month | 20 |
h | The hour(12-hour time) | 12 |
H | The hour(24-hour time) | 0 |
m | The minute | 45 |
s | The second | 52 |
S | The millisecond | 970 |
E | The day of the week | Tuesday |
D | The day of the year | 180 |
F | The day of the week in the month | 2 (2nd Wed in month) |
w | The week in the year | 27 |
W | The week in the month | 2 |
a | The a.m./p.m. indicator | PM |
k | The hour(12-hour time) | 24 |
K | The hour(24-hour time) | 0 |
z | The time zone | Central Standard Time |
' | The escape for text | |
'' | The single quote |
- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/fmt_formatDate.jsp
fmt:parseDateThe <fmt:parseDate> tag parses the string representation of date or time.Syntax:<fmt:parseDate value="<string>" type="<string>" dateStyle="<string>" timeStyle="<string>" pattern="<string>" timeZone="<string>" parseLocale="<string>" var="<string>" scope="<string>"/>Attributes:Name | Required | Type | Default | Description |
value | False | String | Body | The date string to be parsed. |
type | False | String | date | Determines whether value specified in the value attribute contains a date, time or both. |
dateStyle | False | String | default | Specifies date style (SHORT, LONG, FULL, MEDIUM or DEFAULT). |
timeStyle | False | String | default | Specifies time style (SHORT, LONG, FULL, MEDIUM or DEFAULT). |
pattern | False | String | Specifies the pattern on how the date string to be parsed. | |
timeZone | False | String | Default time zone | Time zone to interpret if date string contains any time information. |
parseLocale | False | String | Default Locale | Locale whose date time formatting will be used to parse the date time. |
var | False | String | Print to Page | Name of the variable to store the parsed result. |
scope | False | String | page | Scope to store the var. |
- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/fmt_parseDate.jsp
fmt:bundleThe <fmt:bundle> tag loads the resource bundle to be used in the page. The resource bundle this tag loads contains the key-value pairs which are used to internationalize or localize the web application. Subsequently, the tag <fmt:message> is used to display the internationalized or localized messages specified in the resource bundle to the output.
Syntax:<fmt:bundle baseName="<string>" prefix="<string>"/>Attributes:Name | Required | Type | Default | Description |
baseName | True | String | Resource bundle’s fully qualified name. Follows the Java’s fully qualified class name convention (‘.’ is used to separate the package names). For example: org.o7planning.MyBundle. | |
prefix | False | String | When used with <fmt:message> this attribute specifies the value to be prepended in the key value so that each time we do not have to provide the prefix repeatedly. |
With content:
MyBundle.properties & MyBundle_en.propertieslogin.label.userName=User Name login.label.password=PasswordMyBundle_vi.propertieslogin.label.userName=Tên \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1EADp login.label.password=M\u1EADt kh\u1EA9ufmt_bundle.jsp<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt" %> <c:if test="${not empty param.language}"> <c:set var="language" value="${param.language}" scope="session"/> </c:if> <fmt:setLocale value="${language}" /> <fmt:setBundle basename="org.o7planning.bundles.MyBundle" /> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>fmt:bundle example</title> </head> <body> <h2>fmt:bundle example</h2> <form action=""> <table border="0"> <tr> <td> <fmt:message key="login.label.userName"/> </td> <td> <input type="text" name="userName" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <fmt:message key="login.label.password"/> </td> <td><input type="text" name="userName" /></td> </tr> </table> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/> </form> </body> </html>Running the example:Unfortunately, when .properties files are read via a ResourceBundle, It has always been read with encoding 'ISO-8859-1'. You can not use Unicode in file properties. The usual approach is to unicode-escape the None-ASCII characters in the Properties file. Then it will look something like that:
Escapse ===>
- login.label.password=Mật khẩu
When you type Unicode characters in file properties in the "Properties File Editor" of Eclipse, it automatically replaces the None-ASCII characters.
- login.label.password=M\u1EADt kh\u1EA9u
- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/fmt_bundle.jsp?language=en
- http://localhost:8080/JSTLTutorial/fmt_bundle.jsp?language=vi
Note:<!-- If the user has used one language on a page, variable 'language' in 'session' scope, its value will stored in user session, and the website will be displayed in that language, if the parameters of the page does not specify different values for it. --> <c:set var="language" value="${param.language}" scope="session"/> <fmt:setLocale value="${language}" />fmt:messageThe <fmt:message> is used to display the localized messages by replacing the key specified, with the actual message loaded from the resource bundle. This tag works in conjunction with <fmt:bundle> tag which is used to load the resource bundle.Syntax:<fmt:message key="<string>" bundle="<string>" var="<string>" scope="<string>"/>Attributes:
Name | Required | Type | Default | Description |
key | False | String | Body | Key of the message to be looked up from the resource bundle. |
bundle | False | String | Default bundle | Which resource bundle the key to be looked up. |
var | False | String | Print to Page | Name of the variable to store the localized message. |
scope | False | String | page | The scope in which the localized message variable to be stored. |
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