Lactic Acid - The NIST WebBook

Lactic acid

• Formula: C3H6O3
• Molecular weight: 90.0779
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6) Copy
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 50-21-5
• Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5)
• Species with the same structure:
  • dl-lactic acid
• Stereoisomers:
  • (R)-lactic acid
  • L-Lactic acid
• Other names: Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-; α-Hydroxypropanoic acid; α-Hydroxypropionic acid; Milk acid; 2-Hydroxypropionic acid; Ethylidenelactic acid; 1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid; Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova; Kyselina mlecna; DL-Lactic acid; Milchsaure; Ordinary lactic acid; Propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-; Racemic lactic acid; 1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylic acid; Purac FCC 80; (.+/-.)-Lactic acid; NSC 367919; Tonsillosan
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔcH°solid	-1362.8	kJ/mol	Ccb	Meyerhof, 1922	Corresponding ΔfHºsolid = -675.21 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments: TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Tfus	290.	K	N/A	Yoshida, 1944	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Ttriple	290.	K	N/A	Wilhoit, Chao, et al., 1985	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
11.34	289.9	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	AC

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Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K))) k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.0×10+7	E	N/A	Value obtained by missing citation using the group contribution method.

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

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Owner	NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract
State	gas

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

• Plot
• Help / Software credits

Help

The interactive spectrum display requires a browser with JavaScript and HTML 5 canvas support.

Select a region with data to zoom. Select a region with no data or click the mouse on the plot to revert to the orginal display.

Credits

The following components were used in generating the plot:

• jQuery
• jQuery UI
• Flot
• Plugins for Flot:
  • Resize (distributed with Flot)
  • Selection (distributed with Flot)
  • Axis labels
  • Labels ( Modified by NIST for use in this application)

Additonal code used was developed at NIST: jcamp-dx.js and jcamp-plot.js.

Use or mention of technologies or programs in this web site is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that these items are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-9521
NIST MS number	234977

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	ZB-1 MS	838.	Bajpai, Al-Reza, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 3 0C/min -> 150 0C (10 min) 10 0C/min -> 250 0C

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Meyerhof, 1922 Meyerhof, O., Die Verbrennungswarme der Milchsaure, Biochem. Z., 1922, 129, 594-604. [all data]

Yoshida, 1944 Yoshida, U., Structural relaxation of amorphous solids and the cybotactic structure of super-cooled liquids, Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. A, 1944, 24, 135. [all data]

Wilhoit, Chao, et al., 1985 Wilhoit, R.C.; Chao, J.; Hall, K.R., Thermodynamic Properties of Key Organic Compounds in the Carbon Range C1 to C4. Part 1. Properties of Condensed Phases, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14, 1. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996 Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Bajpai, Al-Reza, et al., 2009 Bajpai, V.K.; Al-Reza, S.M.; Choi, U.L.; Lee, J.H.; Kang, S.C., Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of leaf essential oil and extracts of Metasequioa glyptostroboides Miki ex Hu, Food Chem. Toxicol., 2009, 47, 8, 1876-1883, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.043 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:

  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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