Lạng Sơn - Wikipedia

21°50′52″N 106°45′28″E / 21.84778°N 106.75778°E / 21.84778; 106.75778

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Provincial city in Lạng Sơn Province, Vietnam

Lạng Sơn
Provincial city (Class-3)
Lang Sơn CityThành phố Lạng Sơn
A corner of Lạng Sơn city
Seal
Lạng SơnLocation in VietnamShow map of VietnamLạng SơnLạng Sơn (Southeast Asia)Show map of Southeast AsiaLạng SơnLạng Sơn (Asia)Show map of Asia
Coordinates: 21°50′52″N 106°45′28″E / 21.84778°N 106.75778°E / 21.84778; 106.75778
Country	Vietnam
Province	Lạng Sơn Province
Founded	November 1, 2002
Government
• Chairman of the People's Council	Phạm Đức Huân
• Chairman of the People's Committee	Lê Trí Thức
Area
• Provincial city (Class-3)	79 km2 (31 sq mi)
Population (2019)
• Provincial city (Class-3)	200,108
• Density	1,371/km2 (3,550/sq mi)
• Urban	77,275
• Ethnicities	Kinh Tày Nùng Hoa Dao Mường Sán Dìu Sán Chỉ...
Climate	Cfa
Website	thanhpho.langson.gov.vn

Lạng Sơn (listenⓘ) is a city in far Northern Vietnam, and the capital of Lạng Sơn Province. It is accessible by road and rail from Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, and it is the northernmost point on National Route 1.

History

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Due to its geography as Vietnam's gateway to China (being located just across from Guangxi), Lạng Sơn (諒山) and its ancient citadel have been in the path of many invasions, and were the site of three French defeats during the colonial era. Occupied by Qing forces during the military buildup that preceded the Sino-French War, the city was occupied by France after the two-week Lạng Sơn Campaign in February 1885. However, the French brigade there conducted a hasty retreat after launching a failed attack at the Battle of Bang Bo into China; the "retreat from Lạng Sơn" became the most controversial aspect of the war and led to the fall of Jules Ferry's ministry.[1] Outnumbered French colonial forces clashed with the Japanese 5th Division in the Battle of Lạng Sơn during the Japanese Vietnam Expedition on 22 September 1940. The French were again compelled to retreat hastily.[2] In 1945 it was again the scene of heavy fighting during the Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina.

After the end of the Pacific War, the French colonial army established a permanent garrison there, which served as the logistics hub for the French border fortresses. It was evacuated in 1950 during Võ Nguyên Giáp's offensive against the French border forts, considered a turning point in the Indochina War. The city was the center of fighting during the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979, and fell to the Chinese military who briefly occupied it.[3]

Geology and climate

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The surface rocks in the area are a Permian limestone, overlain by the early Triassic Lang Son Formation, consisting of flyschoid beds with interbedded sandstones, siltstones and clay shales and some felsic volcanics.[4] This place even can experience snow in the coldest moments of winter although Vietnam is basically snow free, it and the whole of Northern Vietnam is in an area of the subtropical climate.

Under the Köppen climate classification, Lạng Sơn has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). It had been snowed in the city on 24 January 2016.[5]

Climate data for Lạng Sơn
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	31.6(88.9)	36.4(97.5)	36.7(98.1)	38.6(101.5)	39.8(103.6)	38.8(101.8)	38.5(101.3)	37.7(99.9)	36.6(97.9)	35.2(95.4)	33.0(91.4)	32.2(90.0)	39.8(103.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	17.5(63.5)	18.8(65.8)	21.9(71.4)	26.5(79.7)	30.2(86.4)	31.5(88.7)	31.7(89.1)	31.3(88.3)	30.2(86.4)	27.5(81.5)	23.7(74.7)	19.8(67.6)	25.9(78.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	13.1(55.6)	14.7(58.5)	18.0(64.4)	22.3(72.1)	25.5(77.9)	26.9(80.4)	27.1(80.8)	26.6(79.9)	25.2(77.4)	22.3(72.1)	18.4(65.1)	14.6(58.3)	21.3(70.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	10.1(50.2)	12.0(53.6)	15.4(59.7)	19.3(66.7)	22.1(71.8)	23.8(74.8)	24.0(75.2)	23.7(74.7)	22.2(72.0)	18.8(65.8)	14.8(58.6)	11.0(51.8)	18.1(64.6)
Record low °C (°F)	−2.1(28.2)	−1.7(28.9)	0.9(33.6)	6.2(43.2)	11.1(52.0)	15.1(59.2)	18.6(65.5)	17.0(62.6)	13.2(55.8)	5.5(41.9)	1.7(35.1)	−1.5(29.3)	−2.1(28.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	35.4(1.39)	33.3(1.31)	50.3(1.98)	91.1(3.59)	159.4(6.28)	191.3(7.53)	236.0(9.29)	227.6(8.96)	141.8(5.58)	78.9(3.11)	41.4(1.63)	24.2(0.95)	1,318.2(51.90)
Average rainy days	9.3	10.0	13.2	12.5	13.5	15.6	16.6	17.2	12.4	8.6	6.5	5.9	141.3
Average relative humidity (%)	80.4	82.5	83.6	82.7	81.6	83.6	84.2	85.9	84.7	82.0	80.0	78.0	82.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours	74.5	59.2	59.2	98.1	171.2	161.4	180.2	171.3	174.4	157.5	136.3	115.5	1,561.4
Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[6]
Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)[7]

Topography and geology

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The city has diverse topographical and geological features, including hill, mountainous, half mountainous, coastal plains and coastal sand dunes.

The hilly region is in the west, stretching from north to south (in parts of communes: Dong Son, Thuan Duc) with an average elevation of 12–15 m, with total area of 64.93 km2, 41.7% of the city total area. Residents here live on agriculture, forestry, farming. The soil in this area is poor in nutrition, infertile and subject to continuous erosion due to its slope of 7-10%.

The half hilly region surrounds a plain with an average elevation of 10 m from north-east - north to north-west – south-west and south – south-east.[clarification needed] This region covers communes and wards of Bắc Lý, Nam Lý, Nghĩa Ninh, Bắc Nghĩa, Đức Ninh, Đức Ninh Đông, Lộc Ninh and Phú Hải with total area of 62.87 km2, or accounts for 40.2% of the city total area. Residents here lives on industrial, handcraft, trading and a small percentage lives on farming. This region is not very fertile, subject to alum. However, thanks to the heavy distribution of rivers and lakes, ponds and pools, it's better for agriculture than the hilly region. The plain with the average of 2.1 m, with little slope, accounting for 0.2% of the city area (5.76 km2). Most of the city's commercial, administrative and main streets concentrate in this narrow regions. Coastal sand dune area is on the east of the city, with an area of 21.98 km2, making up 14.3% of the total area.[citation needed]

Gallery

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• Đông Kinh market of Lạng Sơn city.
• Kỳ Lừa Bridge spans across Kỳ Cùng River
• Kỳ Cùng Temple (also known as Quan Lớn Tuần Tranh Temple) [8]
• Kỳ Cùng stone wharf[9] belongs to Lạng Sơn city. In 1993, the temple was recognized as a national monument.
• Tam Thanh Pagoda
• Hilly area.
• Lạng Sơn hills and mountains viewed from Mạc citadel.

See also

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• Pingxiang

References

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1. ^ Mayeur, Jean-Marie; Rebérioux, Madeleine (1984). The Third Republic from Its Origins to the Great War, 1871-1914. Translated by Foster, J. R. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–99. ISBN 978-0-521-24931-7. original titles Les débuts de la Troisième République 1871-1898 by Jean-Marie Mayeur and La République radicale? 1898-1914 by Madeleine Rebérioux.
2. ^ Hy V. Luong - Tradition, Revolution, and Market Economy in a North Vietnamese ... 2010- Page 37 "In March 1885, as Chinese troops from Kwangsi defeated a French force of 35,000 in Lạng-Sơn, Black Flag troops ..."
3. ^ Mathews, Jay; Lescaze, Lee (1979-03-06). "China Announces End of Invasion". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
4. ^ Journal of Geology - Issues 15-20 2000 - Page 8 "Lang Sơn Formation of Induan age, lying unconformably upon Upper Permian limestone in the vicinities of Lạng Sơn Town, Bản Thí, Đông Mỏ, Chợ Bãi and Hữu Lũng, includes medium-grained sandstone rhythmically interbedded with .."
5. ^ Tuyết xuống tới thành phố Lạng Sơn Dường như tuyết đang tấn công toàn bộ khu vực vùng núi phía bắc khi mà không chỉ trên các điểm cao, vùng thấp như... | By VTV24 | Facebook, retrieved 2024-02-23
6. ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
7. ^ The Yearbook of Indochina (1932–1933)
8. ^ Kỳ Cùng Temple is located on the left bank of Kỳ Cùng River and right at the beginning of Kỳ Cùng Bridge, in Lạng Sơn city. In 1993, the temple was recognized as a national monument.
9. ^ Kỳ Cùng stone wharf is located on the right bank of Kỳ Cùng river, near Kỳ Cùng Bridge and opposite Kỳ Cùng temple. Around in 1778, the temple was listed by Governor Ngô Thì Sĩ as one of the eight beautiful landscapes of Lạng Sơn Town) (Bát Cảnh Town). In 1993, Kỳ Cùng Stone Wharf was recognized as a national monument.

Places adjacent to Lạng Sơn
Cao Lộc Văn Quan Lạng Sơn Chi Lăng

v t e Cities in Vietnam
Municipalities	Special Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City Class-1 Cần Thơ Da Nang Haiphong Huế
Municipal cities	Class-1 Thủ Đức Class-3 Thủy Nguyên
Provincial cities	Class-1 Bắc Ninh Biên Hòa Buôn Ma Thuột Da Lat Hạ Long Hải Dương Hoa Lư Long Xuyên Mỹ Tho Nha Trang Phú Quốc Pleiku Quy Nhon Rạch Giá Thái Nguyên Thanh Hóa Thủ Dầu Một Việt Trì Vinh Vũng Tàu Class-2 Bà Rịa Bạc Liêu Bắc Giang Bến Tre Cà Mau Cao Lãnh Cẩm Phả Châu Đốc Đồng Hới Hà Tĩnh Lào Cai Lạng Sơn Móng Cái Nam Định Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm Phan Thiết Phủ Lý Quảng Ngãi Sa Đéc Sơn La Tam Kỳ Tân An Thái Bình Trà Vinh Tuy Hòa Uông Bí Vị Thanh Vĩnh Long Vĩnh Yên Class-3 Bắc Kạn Bảo Lộc Bến Cát Cam Ranh Cao Bằng Chí Linh Dĩ An Điện Biên Phủ Đông Hà Đông Triều Đồng Xoài Gia Nghĩa Gò Công Hà Giang Hà Tiên Hòa Bình Hội An Hưng Yên Hồng Ngự Kon Tum Lai Châu Long Khánh Ngã Bảy Phổ Yên Phú Mỹ Phúc Yên Sầm Sơn Sóc Trăng Sông Công Tân Uyên Tam Điệp Tây Ninh Thuận An Tuyên Quang Từ Sơn Yên Bái
District-level towns	Class-3 An Nhơn Bỉm Sơn Bình Minh Cai Lậy Kỳ Anh La Gi Long Mỹ Phú Thọ Quảng Yên Sông Cầu Sơn Tây Tân Châu Class-4 An Khê Ayun Pa Ba Đồn Bình Long Buôn Hồ Chơn Thành Chũ Duy Tiên Duyên Hải Điện Bàn Đức Phổ Đông Hòa Giá Rai Hòa Thành Hoài Nhơn Hoàng Mai Hồng Lĩnh Hương Thủy Hương Trà Kiến Tường Kinh Môn Mường Lay Mỹ Hào Ngã Năm Nghi Sơn Nghĩa Lộ Ninh Hòa Phước Long Quảng Trị Quế Võ Sa Pa Thái Hòa Thuận Thành Tịnh Biên Trảng Bàng Việt Yên Vĩnh Châu

v t e Districts of Northeast region of Vietnam
Bắc Giang province	Bắc Giang city※ Chũ town Việt Yên town Hiệp Hòa Lạng Giang Lục Nam Lục Ngạn Sơn Động Tân Yên Yên Thế
Bắc Kạn province	Bắc Kạn city※ Ba Bể Bạch Thông Chợ Đồn Chợ Mới Na Rì Ngân Sơn Pác Nặm
Cao Bằng province	Cao Bằng city※ Bảo Lạc Bảo Lâm Hạ Lang Hà Quảng Hòa An Nguyên Bình Quảng Hòa Thạch An Trùng Khánh
Hà Giang province	Hà Giang city※ Bắc Mê Bắc Quang Đồng Văn Hoàng Su Phì Mèo Vạc Quản Bạ Quang Bình Vị Xuyên Xín Mần Yên Minh
Lạng Sơn province	Lạng Sơn city※ Bắc Sơn Bình Gia Cao Lộc Chi Lăng Đình Lập Hữu Lũng Lộc Bình Tràng Định Văn Lãng Văn Quan
Phú Thọ province	Việt Trì city※ Phú Thọ town Cẩm Khê Đoan Hùng Hạ Hòa Lâm Thao Phù Ninh Tam Nông Tân Sơn Thanh Ba Thanh Sơn Thanh Thủy Yên Lập
Quảng Ninh province	Cẩm Phả city Đông Triều city Hạ Long city※ Móng Cái city Uông Bí city Quảng Yên town Ba Chẽ Bình Liêu Cô Tô Đầm Hà Hải Hà Tiên Yên Vân Đồn
Thái Nguyên province	Sông Công city Phổ Yên city Thái Nguyên city※ Đại Từ Định Hóa Đồng Hỷ Phú Bình Phú Lương Võ Nhai
Tuyên Quang province	Tuyên Quang city※ Chiêm Hóa Hàm Yên Lâm Bình Na Hang Sơn Dương Yên Sơn
※ denotes provincial seat.

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