Learn HTML And CSS: An Absolute Beginner's Guide

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keyboard_arrow_downTitleAbstractFiguresSummaryImportant: A Case of Keeping LowColor, Background-ColorReferencesFirst page of “Learn HTML and CSS: An Absolute Beginner’s Guide”PDF Icondownload

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This guide provides a foundational understanding of HTML and CSS for absolute beginners, starting with file organization on Windows and Mac OS X, and progressing to essential coding elements like the <a> tag and CSS styles. Key topics include creating links, adhering to XHTML standards, and the significance of properly using id attributes in HTML documents.

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Firefox TextWrangler is a free, simple text editor made by BareBones Software. As with NoteTab for Windows, TextWrangler can tidy up your workspace by allowing several text files to be open for editing at the same time (the documents are listed in a pull-out drawer one side of the interface, rather than in tabs). You can download TextWrangler, a free text editor from BareBones Software”, from the BareBones Software web site [6].
Firefox TextWrangler is a free, simple text editor made by BareBones Software. As with NoteTab for Windows, TextWrangler can tidy up your workspace by allowing several text files to be open for editing at the same time (the documents are listed in a pull-out drawer one side of the interface, rather than in tabs). You can download TextWrangler, a free text editor from BareBones Software”, from the BareBones Software web site [6].
iPhoto
iPhoto
At this point, we're not going to analyze the markup that you're looking at, but this is one of those tricks that’s really useful to know from the beginning.
At this point, we're not going to analyze the markup that you're looking at, but this is one of those tricks that’s really useful to know from the beginning.
» Ifusers decide to add the page to their bookmarks (or favorites), the title will be used to name the bookmark.
» Ifusers decide to add the page to their bookmarks (or favorites), the title will be used to name the bookmark.
Inside the head element in our simple example, we can see a Meta element, which is shown in bold below:
Inside the head element in our simple example, we can see a Meta element, which is shown in bold below:
You can see how our home page is shaping up below. It’s still not very exciting, is it? Trust me, we'll get there. The important thing to focus on at this stage is what the content of your site should comprise, and how it might be structured. We haven’t gone into great detail about document structure yet, other than t discuss the use of different levels of headings, but we'll be looking at this in more detail later in this chapter. In the next chapter, we'll see how you can begin to style your document—that is, change the font, color, letter spacing and more—but for now, let’s concentrate on the content and structure.
You can see how our home page is shaping up below. It’s still not very exciting, is it? Trust me, we'll get there. The important thing to focus on at this stage is what the content of your site should comprise, and how it might be structured. We haven’t gone into great detail about document structure yet, other than t discuss the use of different levels of headings, but we'll be looking at this in more detail later in this chapter. In the next chapter, we'll see how you can begin to style your document—that is, change the font, color, letter spacing and more—but for now, let’s concentrate on the content and structure.
Note that when you refer to a sans-serif font in CSS, you must hyphenate the two words, i.e. Sans - Serif A serif font is one that has all those little flourishes at the ends of each letter. These flourishes, which are shown below, “Highlighting the serifs of a serif font (Georgia)”, are known as serifs. They're great for reading printed material, as they give: little shape to the words, making them easier to read.
Note that when you refer to a sans-serif font in CSS, you must hyphenate the two words, i.e. Sans - Serif A serif font is one that has all those little flourishes at the ends of each letter. These flourishes, which are shown below, “Highlighting the serifs of a serif font (Georgia)”, are known as serifs. They're great for reading printed material, as they give: little shape to the words, making them easier to read.
Note: Some Font Names Deserve Quotes In the code example above, “Trebuchet MS” appeared in quotation marks. You don’t need to bother wrapping quote marks aroun font names, unless the font comprises several words, such as “Courier New” or “Times New Roman.” A single-word font name, such as Arial or Verdana, does not need to be wrapped inside quotes.
Note: Some Font Names Deserve Quotes In the code example above, “Trebuchet MS” appeared in quotation marks. You don’t need to bother wrapping quote marks aroun font names, unless the font comprises several words, such as “Courier New” or “Times New Roman.” A single-word font name, such as Arial or Verdana, does not need to be wrapped inside quotes.
Now, instead of being blue and having a normal font weight, your links appear in bold, black type. Try adding that to your stylel.css file, then save it and see how it affects your web pages—Figure 3.13, “Styling all the links in our navigation to bolc and black” illustrates this. As I mentioned previously, there are different types of links (unvisited, visited, active) that you'll come across on a web page. There’ one other state that I haven’t mentioned, but it’s one with which you’re probably familiar: the hover state (which occurs when you pass your cursor over the link). In CSS, you can change the styling of all these link states using pseudo-classes, which sounds complicated but really is fairly straightforward. You can think of a pseudo-class as being like an internal class the browser automatically applies to the link while it’s in a certain state. Here is some CSS that shows the color/ style scheme for the different lin states:
Now, instead of being blue and having a normal font weight, your links appear in bold, black type. Try adding that to your stylel.css file, then save it and see how it affects your web pages—Figure 3.13, “Styling all the links in our navigation to bolc and black” illustrates this. As I mentioned previously, there are different types of links (unvisited, visited, active) that you'll come across on a web page. There’ one other state that I haven’t mentioned, but it’s one with which you’re probably familiar: the hover state (which occurs when you pass your cursor over the link). In CSS, you can change the styling of all these link states using pseudo-classes, which sounds complicated but really is fairly straightforward. You can think of a pseudo-class as being like an internal class the browser automatically applies to the link while it’s in a certain state. Here is some CSS that shows the color/ style scheme for the different lin states:
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References (2)

  1. text? Been there, done that. Let's move to the next level! For that, you'll need your own copy of /http://www.sitepoint.com/books/html1//#lt#Build Your Own Web Site The Right Way Using HTML & CSS [21]. After the next chapter, on CSS, we explore the tasks of using images on your web site, the appropriate use of tables, building forms that promote user interaction, publishing your site to the Web, adding a blog to your site, and hooking up to ready-made tools like statistics packages, search functions, and discussion forums that you can apply to your site. As I mentioned, the book comes with a complete code archive, so you can apply the files we use in the book straight into your own sites (makes life easy, eh?). Check out the book's Table of Contents [22] for the specifics. I look forward to seeing your site on the Web soon! Back to SitePoint.com
  2. http://www.sitepoint.com/books/html1//#lt#Build Your Own Web Site The Right Way Using HTML & CSS

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