List Of Carboxylic Acids - Wikipedia
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Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systematic and consistent naming of chemicals. Numerous organic compounds have other common names, often originating in historical source material thereof. The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.
This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.
C1
[edit]| Common name | IUPAC name | Structural formula | Notes |
| formic acid | methanoic acid | HCO2H | |
| carbonic acid | hydroxymethanoic acid | HOCO2H | Despite having an organic-like name, H2CO3 is not considered an organic compound. |
C2
[edit]| Common name | IUPAC name | Structural formula |
| Acetic acid | ethanoic acid | CH3CO2H |
| Glycolic acid | hydroxyacetic acid | HOCH2CO2H |
| Glyoxylic acid | oxoacetic acid | OHCCO2H |
| Oxalic acid | ethanedioic acid | HO2CCO2H |
C3
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| Propionic acid | propanoic acidethanecarboxylic acid | CH3CH2CO2H |
| Acrylic acid | propenoic acidacroleic acidethylenecarboxylic acidvinylformic acid | CH2=CHCO2H |
| Propiolic acid | propynoic acidpropargylic acidacetylene carboxylic acid | CH≡CCO2H |
| Lactic acid | 2-hydroxypropanoic acidmilk acid | CH3CHOHCO2H |
| 3-Hydroxypropionic acid | 3-hydroxypropanoic acidhydracrylic acid | CH2OHCH2CO2H |
| Glyceric acid | 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid | CH2OHCHOHCO2H |
| Pyruvic acid | 2-oxopropanoic acidα-ketopropionic acidacetylformic acidpyroracemic acid | CH3COCO2H |
| 3-oxopropanoic acid | malonic semialdehyde3-oxopropionic acid | OHCCH2CO2H |
| 2,3-dioxopropanoic acid | mesoxalic semialdehydedioxopropionic acid | OHCCOCO2H |
| Malonic acid | propanedioic acid methanedicarboxylic acid | HO2CCH2CO2H |
| Tartronic acid | 2--hydroxypropanedioic acidhydroxymalonic acid | HO2CCHOHCO2H |
| 2,2-dihydroxypropanedioic acid | dihydroxymalonic acidmesoxalic acid monohydrate | HO2CC(OH)2CO2H |
| Mesoxalic acid | oxopropanedioic acidketomalonic acidoxomalonic acid | HO2CCOCO2H |
| Glycidic acid | 2-oxiranecarboxylic acidoxirane-2-carboxylic acid | CH2OCHCO2H |
C4
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| butanoic acid | butyric acidpropanecarboxylic acid | CH3(CH2)2COOH |
| 2-methylpropanoic acid | isobutyric acidisobutanoic acid | (CH3)2CHCOOH |
| (E)-but-2-enoic acid | crotonic acidtrans-butenoic acid3-methylacrylic acidβ-methacrylic acid(E)-2-butenoic acid | CH3CH=CHCOOH |
| (Z)-but-2-enoic acid | isocrotonic acidcis-crotonic acidcis-butenoic acid(Z)-2-butenoic acid | CH3CH=CHCOOH |
| 2-methylpropenoic acid | methacrylic acidα-methacrylic acid2-methylacrylic acidisobutenoic acid | CH2=C(CH3)COOH |
| but-3-enoic acid | vinylacetic acidallylic acid3-butenoic acidβ-butenoic acid | CH2=CHCH2COOH |
| but-2-ynoic acid | tetrolic acid2-butynoic acid | CH3C≡CCOOH |
| 2-hydroxybutanoic acid | 2-hydroxybutyric acidα-hydroxybutyrate | CH3CH2CHOHCOOH |
| 3-hydroxybutanoic acid | β-hydroxybutyric acid3-hydroxybutyric acid | CH3CHOHCH2COOH |
| 4-hydroxybutanoic acid | γ-hydroxybutyric acidGHB4-hydroxybutyric acid | HOCH2(CH2)2COOH |
| 2-oxobutanoic acid | α-ketobutyric acid | CH3CH2COCOOH |
| 3-oxobutanoic acid | acetoacetic aciddiacetic acid | CH3COCH2COOH |
| 4-oxobutanoic acid | succinic semialdehyde | OHC(CH2)2COOH |
| butanedioic acid | succinic acid | HOOC(CH2)2COOH |
| 2-methylpropanedioic acid | methylmalonic acid | HOOCCH(CH3)COOH |
| (E)-butenedioic acid | fumaric acidtrans-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acidtrans-butenedioic acidallomaleic acidboletic aciddonitic acidlichenic acid | HOOCCH=CHCOOH |
| (Z)-butenedioic acid | maleic acidcis-butenedioic acidmalenic acidmaleinic acidtoxilic acid | HOOCCH=CHCOOH |
| butynedioic acid | acetylenedicarboxylic acid2-butynedioic acid | HOOCC≡CCOOH |
| hydroxybutanedioic acid | malic acidhydroxysuccinic acid2-hydroxybutanedioic acid | HOOCCH2CHOHCOOH |
| 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid | tartaric acid2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acidracemic acidthrearic aciduvic acidparatartaric acid | HOOC(CHOH)2COOH |
| oxobutanedioic acid | oxaloacetic acidoxalacetic acidoxosuccinic acidketosuccinic acid | HOOCCH2COCOOH |
| dioxobutanedioic acid | dioxosuccinic acid | HOOC(CO)2COOH |
C5
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| pentanoic acid | valeric acidvalerianic acidbutane-1-carboxylic acid | CH3(CH2)3COOH |
| 3-methylbutanoic acid | isovaleric acidisopentanoic aciddelphinic acidβ-methylbutiric acid3-methylbutiric acid | (CH3)2CHCH2COOH |
| 2-methylbutanoic acid | 2-methylbutiric acid | CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH |
| 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid | pivalic acidtrimethylacetic acidneopentanoic acid | (CH3)3CCOOH |
| 3-hydroxypentanoic acid | β-hydroxyvaleric acid3-hydroxyvaleric acidβ-hydroxypentanoate | CH3CH2CHOHCH2COOH |
| 4-hydroxypentanoic acid | γ-hydroxyvaleric acidGHV4-methyl-GHB | CH3CHOH(CH2)2COOH |
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid | β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acidHMBβ-hydroxyisovaleric acid3-hydroxyisovaleric acid | (CH3)2COHCH2COOH |
| pentanedioic acid | glutaric acidpropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acidn-pyrotartaric acid | HOOC(CH2)3COOH |
| 2-oxopentanedioic acid | α-ketoglutaric acid2-ketoglutaric acid2-oxoglutaric acidoxoglutaric acid | HOOC(CH2)2COCOOH |
| 3-oxopentanedioic acid | acetonedicarboxylic acid3-oxoglutaric acidβ-ketoglutaric acid3-ketoglutaric acid | HOOCCH2COCH2COOH |
| furan-2-carboxylic acid | 2-furoic acidα-furoic acidpyromucic acid2-carboxyfuranα-furancarboxylic acid | furyl-COOH |
| tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid | tetrahydro-2-furoic acidtetrahydrofuroic acidtetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid | tetrahydrofuryl-COOH |
C6
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| hexanoic acid | caproic acidn-caproic acid | CH3(CH2)4COOH |
| hexanedioic acid | adipic acidhexane-1,6-dioic acid | HOOC(CH2)4COOH |
| 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid | CH3(CHCH3)2COOH | |
| 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid | CH3C(CH3)2CH2COOH | |
| 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | citric acid3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid | HOC(COOH)((CH2)COOH)2 |
| prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | aconitic acidachilleic acidequisetic acidcitridinic acidpyrocitric acid | HOOCCH=C(COOH)CH2COOH |
| 1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | isocitric acid | HOOCCHOHCH(COOH)CH2COOH |
| (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid | sorbic acid | CH3(CH=CH)2COOH |
C7
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| heptanoic acid | enanthic acidoenanthic acidn-Heptylic acidn-Heptoic acid | CH3(CH2)5COOH |
| heptanedioic acid | pimelic acid | HOOC(CH2)5COOH |
| cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | C6H11COOH | |
| benzenecarboxylic acid | benzoic acidcarboxybenzenedracylic acid | C6H5COOH |
| 2-hydroxybenzoic acid | salicylic acid | HOC6H4COOH |
| 2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid | CH3(CH2)2C(CH3)2COOH | |
| 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid | C2H5(CHCH3)2COOH | |
| 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid | CH3(CHCH3)CH2(CHCH3)COOH | |
| 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid | C2H5C(CH3)2CH2COOH | |
| 2-ethylpentanoic acid | C3H7CH(C2H5)COOH | |
| 3-ethylpentanoic acid | C2H5CH(C2H5)CH2COOH | |
| 2-methylhexanoic acid | C4H9CH(CH3)COOH | |
| 3-methylhexanoic acid | C3H7CH(CH3)CH2COOH | |
| 2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid | CH3CH(CH3)C(CH3)2COOH | |
| 2-ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid | C2H5C(C2H5)(CH3)COOH | |
| 2-ethyl-3- methylbutanoic acid | CH3CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)COOH |
C8
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| octanoic acid | caprylic acid | CH3(CH2)6COOH |
| benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid | phthalic acid | C6H4(COOH)2 |
| benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid | isophthalic acid | C6H4(COOH)2 |
| benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid | terephthalic acid | C6H4(COOH)2 |
| 2-methylheptanoic acid | C5H11CH(CH3)COOH | |
| 3-methylheptanoic acid | C4H9CH(CH3)CH2COOH | |
| 4-methylheptanoic acid | C3H7CH(CH3)C2H4COOH | |
| 5-methylheptanoic acid | C2H5CH(CH3)C3H6COOH | |
| 6-methylheptanoic acid | (CH3)2CHC4H8COOH | |
| 2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid | C4H9C(CH3)2COOH | |
| 2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid | C3H7[CH(CH3)]2COOH | |
| 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid | C2H5CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)COOH | |
| 2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid | CH3CH(CH3)C2H4(CH3)COOH | |
| 3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid | C3H7C(CH3)2CH2COOH | |
| 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid | C2H5[CH(CH3)]2CH2COOH | |
| 3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid | (CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)CH2COOH | |
| 4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid | C2H5C(CH3)2C2H4COOH | |
| 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid | CH3[CH(CH)3]2C2H4COOH | |
| 5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid | (CH3)3CC3H6COOH | |
| 2-ethanehexanoic acid | C4H9CH(C2H5)COOH | |
| 3-ethanehexanoic acid | C3H7CH(C2H5)CH2COOH | |
| 4-ethanehexanoic acid | C2H5CH(C2H5)C2H4COOH | |
| 5-ethanehexanoic acid | CH3CH(C2H5)C3H6COOH | |
| 2-octenoic acid | C5H11CH=CHCOOH | |
| 3-octenoic acid | C4H9CH=CHCH2COOH | |
| 4-octenoic acid | C3H7CH=CHC2H4COOH | |
| 5-octenoic acid | C2H5CH=CHC3H6COOH | |
| 6-octenoic acid | CH3CH=CHC4H8COOH | |
| 7-octenoic acid | CH2=CHC5H10COOH |
2-6 dimethyl octen dioic acid
C9
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| nonanoic acid | pelargonic acid1-octanecarboxylic acid | CH3(CH2)7COOH |
| benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid | trimesic acid | C6H3(COOH)3 |
| (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid | cinnamic acidtrans-cinnamic acidphenylacrylic acidcinnamylic acid3-phenylacrylic acid(E)-cinnamic acidbenzenepropenoic acidisocinnamic acid | C6H5CH=CHCOOH |
C10
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| decanoic acid | capric acid | CH3(CH2)8COOH |
| decanedioic acid | sebacic acid1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid | HOOC(CH2)8COOH |
C11
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| undecanoic acid | hendecanoic acid | CH3(CH2)9COOH |
C12
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| dodecanoic acid | lauric aciddodecylic aciddodecoic acidlaurostearic acidfulvic acid1-undecanecarboxylic acidduodecylic acid | CH3(CH2)10COOH |
| benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acid | mellitic acidgraphitic acidbenzenehexacarboxylic acid | C6(COOH)6 |
C13
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| tridecanoic acid | tridecylic acid | CH3(CH2)11COOH |
C14
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| tetradecanoic acid | myristic acid | CH3(CH2)12COOH |
C15
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| pentadecanoic acid | pentadecylic acid | CH3(CH2)13COOH |
C16
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| hexadecanoic acid | palmitic acid | CH3(CH2)14COOH |
C17
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| heptadecanoic acid | margaric acidheptadecylic acid | CH3(CH2)15COOH |
C18
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| octadecanoic acid | stearic acid | CH3(CH2)16COOH |
| (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid | oleic acid(9Z)-octadecenoic acid(Z)-octadec-9-enoic acidcis-9-octadecenoic acidcis-Δ9-octadecenoic acid | CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH |
| (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid | linoleic acid | CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH |
| (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid | ALAα-linolenic acidcis, cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid | CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH |
| (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid | GLAγ-linolenic acidgamolenic acid | CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4COOH |
| (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid | SDAstearidonic acidmoroctic acid | CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)5COOH |
C19
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| nonadecanoic acid | nonadecylic acid | CH3(CH2)17COOH |
C20
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| icosanoic acid | arachidic acidarachic acid | CH3(CH2)18COOH |
| (5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid | Mead's acid | CH3(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH |
| (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid | AAARAarachidonic acid | CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH |
| (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-pentaenoic acid | EPA | CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH |
C21
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| heneicosanoic acid | CH3(CH2)19COOH |
C22
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| docosanoic acid | behenic acid | CH3(CH2)20COOH |
| (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid | DHAcervonic acid | CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH |
C23
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| tricosanoic acid | tricosylic acid | CH3(CH2)21COOH |
C24
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| tetracosanoic acid | lignoceric acid | CH3(CH2)22COOH |
C25
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| pentacosanoic acid | pentacosylic acid | CH3(CH2)23COOH |
C26
[edit]| IUPAC name | Common name | Structural formula |
| hexacosanoic acid | cerotic acid | CH3(CH2)24COOH |
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