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  • 1 Ancient era Toggle Ancient era subsection
    • 1.1 Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879–258 BC)
    • 1.2 Thục dynasty (258–207 BC or 208–179 BC)
    • 1.3 Triệu dynasty (207 BC or 179–111 BC)
  • 2 First, Second and Third Chinese domination era Toggle First, Second and Third Chinese domination era subsection
    • 2.1 First Chinese domination (111 BC – 40 AD)
    • 2.2 Trưng Queen (40–43)
    • 2.3 Second Chinese domination (43–541)
    • 2.4 Early Lý dynasty (544–602)
    • 2.5 Third Chinese domination (602–905)
  • 3 Independent monarchical era Toggle Independent monarchical era subsection
    • 3.1 Autonomous period under Khúc clan and Dương clan (905–938)
    • 3.2 Ngô dynasty (939–965)
    • 3.3 Đinh dynasty (968–980)
    • 3.4 Early Lê dynasty (980–1009)
    • 3.5 Later Lý dynasty (1009–1225)
    • 3.6 Trần dynasty (1226–1400)
    • 3.7 Hồ dynasty (1400–1407)
  • 4 Fourth Chinese Domination era
  • 5 Revived monarchical era Toggle Revived monarchical era subsection
    • 5.1 Later Lê dynasty – Initial period (1428–1527)
    • 5.2 Mạc dynasty (1527–1677)
    • 5.3 Later Lê dynasty – Restored period (1533–1789)
      • 5.3.1 Trịnh lord – Tonkin (1545–1787)
      • 5.3.2 Nguyễn lord – Cochinchina (1558–1777)
      • 5.3.3 Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627–1775)
    • 5.4 Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802)
    • 5.5 Nguyễn dynasty – Independent period (1802–1883)
  • 6 Colonial era Toggle Colonial era subsection
    • 6.1 French Indochina (1858–1945)
    • 6.2 Japanese Indochina (1940–1945)
  • 7 Republican era Toggle Republican era subsection
    • 7.1 Democratic Republic of Vietnam - North Vietnam (1945–1976)
    • 7.2 State of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam – South Vietnam (1949–1975)
  • 8 Unification era Toggle Unification era subsection
    • 8.1 Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)
  • 9 Notes
  • 10 Citations
  • 11 References
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Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia List of wars and conflicts involving Vietnam and its predecessor states See also: Military history of Vietnam
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This is a list of wars involving the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and its predecessor states.

Ancient era

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Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879–258 BC)

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Conflict Van Lang Opponents Result
Âu Việt-Lạc Việt War (258–257 BC)[a] Văn Lang under Hung Kings(Lạc Việt) Âu Việt led by Thục Phán Victory for Âu Việt
  • Thục Phán (An Dương Vương) conquered Lạc Việt.
  • Merging of Âu Việt and Lạc Việt into Âu Lạc.

Thục dynasty (258–207 BC or 208–179 BC)

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Conflict Thuc dynasty Opponents Result
Qin campaign against the Baiyue (221–214 BC) Baiyue tribes:
  • Âu Lạc under Thuc Dynasty (An Duong Vuong)
  • Minyue
  • Nanyue
  • Dong'ou
 Qin dynasty Territorial changes
  • Qin dynasty annexed Minyue, Nanyue and Dong'ou.
  • Âu Lạc retained its independence.
Âu Lạc-Nanyue War (207 BC or 179 BC) Âu Lạc under Thuc dynasty (An Duong Vuong) Nanyue led by Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) Defeat
  • Nanyue annexed Âu Lạc.

Triệu dynasty (207 BC or 179–111 BC)

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Conflict Trieu (Zhao) dynasty Opponents Result
Han conquest of Nanyue (111 BC) Nanyue under Zhao dynasty (Triệu dynasty) Han dynasty (Western Han) Defeat
  • Western Han annexed Nanyue.
  • Beginning of the First Chinese domination of Vietnam.

First, Second and Third Chinese domination era

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First Chinese domination (111 BC – 40 AD)

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Conflict Jiaozhi Opponents Result
Tây Vu Vương rebellion (111 BC) Tây Vu Vương's forces in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen Commanderies Han dynasty (Western Han) Defeat
  • Tay Vu Vuong killed.
Trưng Sisters' Uprising (40 AD) Trưng sisters' forces in Jiaozhi Commandery Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Victory
  • Trưng Trắc proclaimed as Queen of Lingnan.
  • End of the First Chinese domination of Vietnam.

Trưng Queen (40–43)

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Conflict Trung Queen Opponents Result
Han invasion of Lingnan (42–43) Lingnan under Trưng Queen Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Defeat
  • Death of the Trưng sisters.
  • Eastern Han annexed Lingnan.
  • Beginning of the Second Chinese domination of Vietnam.

Second Chinese domination (43–541)

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Conflict Event Jiaozhi/Jiaozhou Opponents Result
Chu Đạt's rebellion (157–160) Chu Đạt's forces in Jiuzhen Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Defeat
Liang Long's rebellion (178–181) Liang Long's forces in Hepu, Jiuzhen, Jiaozhi and Rinan Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Defeat
Sri Mara's rebellion (192) Sri Mara's forces (Khu Liên) in Xianglin Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Victory
  • Foundation of Lâm Ấp (Linyi) kingdom, predecessor to later Champa kingdoms.
Lady Triệu's rebellion (248) Lady Triệu's forces in Jiaozhou Eastern Wu Defeat
Jiao Province Campaign (263–280) Jiaozhou under Eastern Wu Jin dynasty Victory for Eastern Wu
  • Wu reclaimed Jiao Province.
Jin–Lâm Ấp conflicts (351–415) First war (351–359) Jiaozhou under Jin dynasty Lâm Ấp (Linyi) Victory for Jin
Second war (399)
Third war (413–415)
Liu Song-Lâm Ấp War(445–446) Jiaozhou under Liu Song dynasty Lâm Ấp (Linyi) Victory for Liu Song
  • Sack of Kandarapura, capital city of Lâm Ấp, by the Liu Song.
Lý Trường Nhân's rebellion (468) Lý Trường Nhân's forces in Jiaozhou Liu Song Victory
  • Liu Song agreed to appoint Lý Trường Nhân as governor of Jiaozhou.
Lý Bí's rebellion (541–544) Lý Bí's forces in Jiaozhou Liang dynasty Victory
  • Lý Bí proclaimed as the Emperor of Vạn Xuân.
  • Foundation of Vạn Xuân kingdom under Early Lý dynasty.
  • End of the Second Chinese domination of Vietnam.

Early Lý dynasty (544–602)

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Conflict Early Ly dynasty Opponents Result
Vạn Xuân-Lâm Ấp War (543) Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty Lâm Ấp Victory
Liang–Vạn Xuân War (545–550) Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty Liang dynasty Victory
  • Liang forces withdrew from Vạn Xuân to quell Hou Jing's rebellion in Liang China
Vạn Xuân–Dã Năng War (557–571) Vạn Xuân led by Triệu Quang Phục Dã Năng (vi) led by Lý Phật Tử Territorial and throne changes
  • Lý Phật Tử proclaimed Emperor of Vạn Xuân
  • Merger of Vạn Xuân and Dã Năng
Sui–Vạn Xuân War (602) Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty Sui dynasty Defeat
  • Sui annexed Vạn Xuân
  • Beginning of the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam

Third Chinese domination (602–905)

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Conflict Event Annan/Jinghai Opponents Result
Sui–Lâm Ấp War (605) Jiaozhi under Sui dynasty Lâm Ấp Victory for Sui
Lý Tự Tiên's rebellion (687) Lý Tự Tiên's and Đinh Kiến's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Mai Thúc Loan's rebellion (722–723) Mai Thúc Loan's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Phùng Hưng's rebellion (766–791) Phùng Hưng's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Javanese raid in Tang's Annan (767) Annan under Tang dynasty Javanese raiders from Shailendra dynasty Victory for Tang
Javanese raids in Hoàn Vương (774–787) First raid (774) Hoàn Vương (Huanwang Champa) Javanese raiders from Shailendra dynasty Victory for Hoàn Vương
Second raid (787) Victory for Hoàn Vương
Hoàn Vương–Tang conflicts (803–809) First war (803) Annan under Tang dynasty Hoàn Vương (Huanwang Champa) Victory for Tang
Second war (809) Victory for Tang
Dương Thanh's rebellion (819–820) Dương Thanh's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Tang–Nanzhao wars (846–866) First raid (846) Annan under Tang dynasty NanzhaoLocal rebels in Annan Victory for Tang
Second raid (860–861) Victory for Tang
Siege of Songping (863) Defeat for Tang
  • Nanzhao's forces captured Songping capital of Annan
Tang's offensive (865–866) Victory for Tang
  • Tang's forces recaptured Songping and Annan
Khúc Thừa Dụ's rebellion (905) Khúc Thừa Dụ's forces in Jianghai Circuit Tang dynasty Victory
  • Tang agreedto appoint Khúc Thừa Dụ as jiedushi of Jinghai Circuit
  • Khúc clan established an autonomous government of the Vietnamese people
  • End of the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam

Independent monarchical era

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Autonomous period under Khúc clan and Dương clan (905–938)

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Conflict Khuc clan/Duong clan Opponents Result
First Jinghai–Southern Han War (930) Jinghai Circuit under Khúc clan Southern Han dynasty Defeat
  • Southern Han captured Khúc Thừa Mỹ
  • Jinghai Circuit fell under Southern Han control
Dương Đình Nghệ's rebellion (931) Dương Đình Nghệ's forces in Jinghai Circuit Southern Han dynasty Victory
  • Dương Đình Nghệ self-established as jiedushi
Second Jinghai-Southern Han War (938) Ngô Quyền's forces in Jinghai Circuit Southern Han dynasty Victory
  • Ngô Quyền crowned as the King of Jinghai
  • Establishment of Ngô dynasty
  • Beginning of Independent era

Ngô dynasty (939–965)

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Conflict Ngo dynasty Opponents Result
Dương Tam Kha's mutiny (944–950) Ngô Xương Ngập's forces Ngô Xương Văn's forces Dương Tam Kha's forces Victory for Ngo king
  • Dương Tam Kha suppressed
  • Ngô dynasty weakened
  • Beginning of 12 War Lords' Anarchy
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords (965–968) 12 Warlords Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's forces and allies Victory for Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (Đinh Tiên Hoàng)
  • Unification into Đại Cồ Việt
  • Đinh Bộ Lĩnh crowned as the Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt
  • Establishment of Đinh dynasty

Đinh dynasty (968–980)

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Conflict Dinh dynasty Opponents Result
Countercoup against Lê Hoàn (979) Loyal forces of Đinh Điền (vi), Nguyễn Bặc, Phạm Hạp and Ngô Nhật Khánh Lê Hoàn's forces Supported by:
  • Queen Dowager Dương Vân Nga
 Dynasty change
  • Lê Hoàn (Lê Đại Hành) crowned as the Emperor
  • Establishment of Early Lê dynasty

Early Lê dynasty (980–1009)

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Conflict Early Le dynasty Opponents Result
Song–Đại Cồ Việt War (981) Đại Cồ Việt under Early Lê dynasty Song dynasty Victory
  • Song forced to diplomatically recognize the sovereignty of Đại Cồ Việt
First Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (982) Đại Cồ Việt under Early Lê dynasty Champa Victory
First Throne Crisis of Early Lê dynasty (1005) Lê Long Việt's forces Lê Long Tích's forces (vi) Victory for Lê Long Việt
  • Lê Long Việt (Lê Trung Tông) crowned as the Emperor
Second Throne Crisis of Early Lê dynasty (1005) Lê Long Việt's royal court Rebellion forces of Lê Long Cân (vi), Lê Long Kính (vi) and Lê Long Đinh (vi) Victory for Lê Long Việt

Later Lý dynasty (1009–1225)

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Conflict Event Later Ly dynasty Opponents Result
Dali–Đại Cồ Việt War (1014) Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty Dali Kingdom Victory
  • Đại Cồ Việt annexed a part of Dali
Throne crisis of Later Lý dynasty (1028) Crown Prince Lý Phật Mã's forces Rebellion forces of Đông Chinh Vương, Vũ Đức Vương and Dực Thánh Vương Victory for Lý Phật Mã
  • Lý Phật Mã (Lý Thái Tông) retained the throne
Nong Quanfu's rebellion (1038–1041) Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty Nong Quanfu's Changqi Kingdom Victory
  • Nong Quanfu killed
Second Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (1044) Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty Champa Victory
Nong Zhigao rebellions (1048–1055) Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty Nong Zhigao's Dali Kingdom and later Nantian Kingdom Victory
  • Nong Zhigao killed
First Champa–Đại Việt War (1069) Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Champa Victory
  • Đại Việt annexed Ma Linh, Bố Chính, Địa Lý (present-day Quảng Bình and Quảng Trị)
Đại Việt–Song War (1075–1077) Đại Việt's invasion of Song (1075–1076) Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Song dynasty Victory
  • Đại Việt's troops captured several Song's forts and later retreated
Song's counterattack (1077) Indecisive
  • Song's forces repelled
  • Status quo ante bellum and peace agreement between Later Lý dynasty and Song dynasty
Đại Việt–Khmer Wars (1128–1150) First Khmer's campaign (1128) Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Khmer Empire Defeat
Khmer–Champa's joint campaign (1132) Khmer EmpireChampa Defeat
  • Invasion repelled
  • Champa briefly regained control of Ma Linh, Bố Chính, Địa Lý, later expelled
Second Khmer's campaign (1137) Khmer Empire Defeat
Quách Bốc's rebellion (1209) Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Quách Bốc's forces Victory
  • Decline of Later Lý dynasty
Nguyễn Nộn's rebellion (1213–1219) Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Nguyễn Nộn's forces (vi) Victory
  • Decline of Later Lý dynasty

Trần dynasty (1226–1400)

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Conflict Event Tran dynasty Opponents Results Notable battles
Second Champa–Đại Việt War (1252) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
First Đại Việt–Mongol War (1257–1258) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Mongol Empire Victory
  • Mongol troops briefly occupied Thăng Long capital, then expelled out of Đại Việt
  • Emperor Trần Thái Tông agreed to become a tributary state to the Mongols
  • Battle of Bình Lệ Nguyên – 1258
First Đại Việt–Yuan War (1285) or Second Đại Việt–Mongol War Yuan's advance (January – May) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Yuan dynasty Defeat
  • Trần leadership implemented a scorched earth policy on Thăng Long capital and retreated
  • Yuan troops occupied Thăng Long but failed to turn it into a strategic gain
  • Battle of Chương Dương – 1285
Đại Việt's counteroffensive (May – June) Victory
  • Yuan invasion repelled
Second Đại Việt–Yuan War (1287–1288) or Third Đại Việt–Mongol War Yuan's advance (1287 – January 1288) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Yuan dynasty Defeat
  • Yuan troops occupied Thăng Long capital
  • Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
Battle of Bạch Đằng River (1288) Victory
  • Yuan invasion repelled
Đại Việt–Muang Sua Wars (1294–1301) First war (1294) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Muang Sua Victory
  • Annexation of present-day eastern Xiangkhouang by Đại Việt
Second war (1297)
Third war (1301)
Third Champa–Đại Việt War (1311) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
  • King Chế Chí (Jaya Simhavarman IV) captured by Đại Việt
  • Đại Việt installed Chế Năng as King of Champa
Fourth Champa–Đại Việt War (1318) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
  • Chế Năng escapeed to Majapahit
Fifth Champa–Đại Việt War (1367–1368) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
  • Beginning of a series of Champa's counter-offensives
Coup against Dương Nhật Lễ (1369–1370) Dương Nhật Lễ's royal court Trần Phủ's forces Throne change
  • Trần Phủ (Trần Nghệ Tông) crowned as the Emperor
  • Dương Nhật Lễ's Queen mother fleed to Champa and asked Chế Bồng Nga (Po Binasour) to avenge her
Sixth Champa–Đại Việt War (1371) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
  • Champa forces set the city on fire, seized women, jewels, and silks
Seventh Champa–Đại Việt War (1377) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
  • Trần Duệ Tông ambushed and killed in action
  • Battle of Vijaya – 1377
Eighth Champa–Đại Việt War (1378) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
  • Champa forces looted Thăng Long capital
Ninth Champa–Đại Việt War (1382) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
  • Champa attacks repelled
Tenth Champa-Đại Việt War (1390) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
  • Chế Bồng Nga (Po Binasour) killed in action
  • Status quo ante bellum
  • Decline of Trần dynasty

Hồ dynasty (1400–1407)

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Conflict Event Ho dynasty Opponents Result
Champa–Đại Ngu Wars (1400–1407) First Đại Ngu campaign(1400) Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty Champa Defeat
Second Đại Ngu campaign (1402) Victory
  • Đại Ngu annexed Chiêm Động and Cổ Lũy (present-day Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi)
Third Đại Ngu campaign (1403) Defeat
  • Đại Ngu failed to capture Vijaya capital
Champa campaign (1407) Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty ChampaMing dynasty Defeat
  • Champa recaptured Chiêm Động and Cổ Lũy
Đại Ngu–Ming War (1406–1407) Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty Ming dynasty Defeat
  • Emperor Hồ Hán Thương captured and killed by Ming forces
  • Beginning of the Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam

Fourth Chinese Domination era

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Conflict Jiaozhi Opponents Result
Later Trần rebellion (1407–1414) Later Trần rebels in Jiaozhi Ming dynasty Defeat
  • Rebel suppressed
Lam Sơn uprising (1418–1427) Lam Sơn's rebels in Jiaozhi Ming dynasty Victory
  • Ming troops withdrew orderly with "the solemn oath of eternal friendship", under Lê Lợi (Lê Thái Tổ)'s supervision
  • Đại Việt regained its independence
  • Lê Lợi crowned as the Emperor of Đại Việt
  • Establishment of Later Lê dynasty

Revived monarchical era

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Later Lê dynasty – Initial period (1428–1527)

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Conflict Event Later Le dynasty Opponents Results
Ngưu Hống rebellion (1431–1432) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Ngưu Hống led by Đèo Cát Hãn Victory
Eleventh Champa–Đại Việt War (1446) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Champa Victory
  • Đại Việt captured Maha Vijaya
First throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1459) Lê Nghi Dân's coup d'état forces Lê Nhân Tông's royal court Throne change
  • Lê Nhân Tông killed
  • Lê Nghi Dân declared himself as the Emperor
Second throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1459–1460) Lê Nghi Dân's royal court Loyal forces of Nguyễn Xí, Đinh Liệt and Lê Lăng Throne change
  • Lê Nghi Dân killed
  • Lê Tư Thành (Lê Thánh Tông) installed as the Emperor by the loyal forces
Twelfth Champa–Đại Việt War (1471) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Champa Victory
  • Annexation of large portions of northern Champa by Đại Việt
  • Decline of Champa Kingdom
Đại Việt–Lan Xang War (1479–1484)or White Elephant War Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Lan XangLannaMuang Phuan Defeat (see analysis)
  • Sack of Xiangkhouang capital of Muang Phuan by Đại Việt
  • Đại Việt's troops withdrew from Lan Xang and Lanna
  • Laotian, Thai and Chinese sources claim coalitional victory while Vietnamese sources claim victory
Third throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1509) Lê Uy Mục's royal court Lê Oanh's rebel forces Throne change
  • Lê Oanh (Lê Tương Dực) became the Emperor
Trần Tuân's rebellion (1511–1512) Đại Việt Trần Tuân (vi) Victory
Internal crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1516–1526) Trịnh Duy Sản's coup d'état (1516) Lê Tương Dực's royal court Rebel forces of Trịnh Duy Sản (vi), Trịnh Duy Đại and Lê Y Throne change
  • Death of Lê Tương Dực
  • Trịnh Duy Đại installed Lê Quang Trị as new Emperor, but left Thăng Long for Thanh Hóa shortly after
  • Later Trịnh Duy Sản installed Lê Y (Lê Chiêu Tông) as new Emperor
  • Trịnh Duy Đại then killed Lê Quang Trị and rejoined Trịnh Duy Sản at Thăng Long
  • Decline of Later Lê dynasty
Trần Cảo's rebellion (1516–1521) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Trần Cảo's rebel forces Victory
  • Trần Cảo fled
Trịnh Tuy's coup d'état (1518–1522) Lê Chiêu Tông's royal court < Mạc Đăng Dung's forces Trịnh Tuy's rebel forces Throne change
  • As Lê Chiêu Tông absent from court, Trịnh Tuy installed Lê Bảng and then Lê Do as Emperor in quick succession
  • Mạc Đăng Dung quelled the rebellion, consolidating power in the imperial court
  • Trịnh Tuy surrendered
Mạc Đăng Dung's coup d'état (1522–1526) Lê Chiêu Tông's royal court Trịnh Tuy's forces Mạc Đăng Dung's rebel forces Dynasty change
  • Mạc Đăng Dung installed Lê Xuân (Lê Cung hoàng) as new Emperor for a short time
  • Mạc Đăng Dung became the Emperor later
  • Brief collapse of Later Lê dynasty
  • Establishment of Mạc dynasty

Mạc dynasty (1527–1677)

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Conflict Mac dynasty Opponents Result
First Lê-Mạc War (1533–1592) Northern dynasty under Mạc dynasty Southern dynasty under Restored Lê dynasty Trịnh clan Nguyễn clan Bầu clan Dynasty change
  • Later Lê's forces captured Đông Kinh capital
  • Beginning of the restored period of Later Lê dynasty
  • Mạc's forces retreated to Cao Bằng province
  • Trịnh and Nguyễn clans became rivals
Throne crisis of Mạc dynasty (1546–1547) Mạc Phúc Nguyên's forces Mạc Chính Trung's forces Throne change
  • Mạc Phúc Nguyên became the Emperor
  • Decline of Mạc dynasty

Later Lê dynasty – Restored period (1533–1789)

[edit]

During this period, there existed 3 dynasties and 3 lordships: Mạc dynasty (1527–1677), Restored Lê (1533–1789), and Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802); Trịnh lords (1545–1787), Nguyễn lords (1558–1802), and Bầu lords (1527–1689); each with varying degrees of power and control over the country. This period is considered to be one of the most complicated periods in the history of Vietnam.

Conflict Later Le dynasty Opponents Result
Second Lê-Mạc War (1592–1677) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Trịnh lord Nguyễn lord (until 1600) Mạc dynasty Bầu clan (from 1594) Victory for Later Lê dynasty
  • Mạc dynasty officially ended
  • Later Lê dynasty controlled all Đại Việt
  • Continuation of Trịnh-Nguyễn Civil War

Trịnh lord – Tonkin (1545–1787)

[edit]
Conflict Trinh lord Opponents Result
Bầu clan's rebellion (1594–1699) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Bầu clan Victory
  • Bầu clan eliminated
Hoàng Công Chất's rebellion (1739–1769) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Hoàng Công Chất's forces Victory
Lê Duy Mật's rebellion (1740–1770) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Lê Duy Mật's forces Victory
Nguyễn Hữu Cầu's rebellion (1743–1751) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Nguyễn Hữu Cầu's forces Victory
Nguyễn Danh Phương's rebellion (1744–1751) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Nguyễn Danh Phương's forces Victory
Đại Việt–Luang Phrabang War (1749)[1] Tonkin under Trịnh lord Luang Phrabang Defeat
  • Trịnh's forces expelled from Luang Phrabang
Privileged Army Mutiny (1782–1786) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Soldiers from Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An provinces Victory
  • Mutiny soldiers suppressed
  • Decline of Trịnh lord

Nguyễn lord – Cochinchina (1558–1777)

[edit]
Conflict Nguyen lord Opponents Result
First Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1611) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Panduranga Victory
  • Annexation of present-day Phú Yên by Nguyễn lord
Dutch East India Company's attack (1643) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Dutch East India Company Victory
  • Dutch East India Company's ships damaged and sunken
Second Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1653) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Panduranga Victory
  • Nguyễn's forces occupied more Panduranga's territories
First Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1658) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Ang Sur and Ang Tan's forces Cambodia Victory
  • Cambodian King Ramathipadi I captured
Second Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1674) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Ang Nan II and Ang Tan's forces Cambodia Victory
  • Cambodian King Keo Fa II fled
  • Beginning of Cambodian throne crisis
Third Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1693–1697) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Panduranga Defeat
  • Nguyễn's forces withdrew from some Panduranga's territories
  • Panduranga gained autonomy
Third Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1699) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Cambodia Victory
  • Cambodian King Chey Chettha IV surrendered
Fourth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1708) Ang Em's forces Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Cambodia under Thommo Reachea III Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom Victory
  • Cambodian King Thommo Reachea III fled to Siam
First Đại Việt-Siam War (1718) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom Defeat
  • Siamese forces destroyed Hà Tiên city
Fifth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1753–1756) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Cambodia Victory
  • Cambodian King Chey Chettha VII surrendered
Second Đại Việt-Siam War (1771–1772) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Outey II's forces Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom Ang Non II's forces Defeat
  • Ang Non II became King of Cambodia
  • Nguyễn's forces withdrew from Cambodia
  • Decline of Nguyễn lord
Tây Sơn uprising (1771–1777) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Tây Sơn rebels Dynasty change
  • Trịnh's forces joined Tây Sơn to defeat Nguyễn's forces
  • Nguyễn lord overthrown
  • Establishment of Tây Sơn dynasty in Cochinchina

Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627–1775)

[edit]
Conflict Trinh lord Nguyen lord Result
First Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627) Tonkin Cochinchina Defeat to Trịnh
Second Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1633–1640) Tonkin Cochinchina Defeat to Trịnh
Third Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1643) Tonkin Cochinchina Defeat to Nguyễn
Fourth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1648) Tonkin Cochinchina Defeat to Trịnh
Fifth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1655–1660) Tonkin Cochinchina Defeat to Nguyễn
Sixth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1661–1662) Tonkin Cochinchina Defeat to Trịnh
Seventh Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1672) Tonkin Cochinchina Defeat to Trịnh
  • Gianh River became the border between Tonkin and Cochinchina
  • Đại Việt divided into 2 rival courts for more than 100 years
Eighth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1774–1775) Tonkin Supported by:
  • Tây Sơn rebels
 Cochinchina Defeat to Nguyễn
  • Trịnh and Tây Sơn's troops occupied Phú Xuân capital of Cochinchina
  • Nguyễn lord overthrown

Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802)

[edit]
Conflict Tây Sơn dynastyand allies Opponents Brief description
Tây Sơn–Trịnh War (1775–1786) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Tonkin under Trịnh lords Dynasty change
  • End of Trịnh lords
  • Tây Sơn's forces occupied Tonkin briefly then withdrew
  • Later Lê dynasty remained as a ceremonial ruler of Tonkin
First Tây Sơn-Nguyễn War (1777–1785) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Nguyễn lord's loyalists in Cochinchina Territorial change
  • Nguyễn Ánh fled to Siam
  • Tây Sơn re-gained control of Cochinchina
Third Đại Việt-Siam War (1785) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Rattanakosin Siam Nguyễn Ánh's forces Victory
  • Siam invasion repelled
  • Siamese army destroyed
  • Nguyễn Ánh fled to Siam again
Sixth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1785) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Cambodia Victory
Nguyễn Huệ–Nguyễn Nhạc conflict (1787) Nguyễn Nhạc's forces in Quy Nhơn Nguyễn Huệ's forces in Phú Xuân Indecisive
  • Đại Việt divided into 3 regions:
    • Nguyễn Nhạc reigned in the Central
    • Nguyễn Huệ reigned in the North (Tonkin)
    • Nguyễn Lữ reigned in the South (Cochinchina)
Tây Sơn-Lê War (1787–1789) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Tonkin under Later Lê dynasty Supported by:
  •  Qing dynasty
 Dynasty change
  • Tây Sơn dynasty reigned over Tonkin
  • Nguyễn Huệ crowned as Emperor of Đại Việt
  • End of Later Lê dynasty
Second Tây Sơn-Nguyễn War (1787–1802) Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Supported by:
  • Pirates of the South China Coast
  • Pro-Tây Sơn Chams forces
 Nguyễn Ánh's forces in Cochinchina Supported by:
  • French mercenaries
  • Pro-Nguyễn Chams forces
 Dynasty change
  • End of Tây Sơn dynasty
  • Establishment of Nguyễn dynasty
  • Nguyễn Ánh crowned as Emperor of Đại Việt
Đại Việt–Qing War (1788–1789) Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty  Qing dynasty Lê Chiêu Thống's forces Victory
  • Qing invasion repelled
  • Qing army destroyed
  • Nguyễn Huệ (Quang Trung) proclaimed Emperor of Đại Việt
  • Qing recognized Quang Trung as official ruler of Đại Việt
Đại Việt-Vientiane War (1791) Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Vientiane Muang Phuan Lê's loyalists Victory
  • Vientiane submitted to Đại Việt
  • Muang Phuan annexed into Đại Việt
  • Lê's loyalists eliminated

Nguyễn dynasty – Independent period (1802–1883)

[edit]
Conflict Nguyen dynasty Opponents Result
Đá Vách rebellion (1803–1885) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Ethnic minority people in Quảng Ngãi province Victory
First Cambodian Rebellion (1811–1812) Cambodia under Ang Chan II Supported by:
  • Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
 Ang Snguon's forces Supported by:
  • Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom
 Victory
  • Ang Chan II retained the throne of Cambodia
  • Decline of Cambodia and increasing dependency on Nguyễn dynasty
Second Cambodian Rebellion (1820) Cambodia under Ang Chan II Supported by:
  • Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
 Khmer rebels led by Monk Kai Victory
Phan Bá Vành's rebellion (1821–1827) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Phan Bá Vành's forces Victory
Ja Lidong's rebellion (1822–1823) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Chams rebels led by Ja Lidong Victory
Lao rebellion (1826–1828) Vientiane Champasak Supported by:
  • Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
 Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom Defeat
  • Siam controlled Vientiane and Champasak
Nduai Kabait rebellion (1826) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Chams rebels led by Ndui Kabait Victory
Lê Duy Lương's rebellion (1832–1837) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Lê Duy Lương's (vi) rebels Victory
Lê Văn Khôi's revolt (1833–1835) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Lê Văn Khôi's rebels Victory
Việt Nam-Siam War (1833–1834) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom Victory
  • Annexation of Tây Thành by Việt Nam
  • Siamese troops retreated
Nông Văn Vân's rebellion (1833–1835) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Nông Văn Vân's rebels Victory
Ba Nhàn-Tiền Bột's rebellion (1833–1843) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Ba Nhàn and Tiền Bột's rebels Victory
Ja Thak Wa and Katip Sumat's rebellion (1833–1835) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Chams rebels led by Ja Thak Wa and Katip Sumat Victory
Hà Tiên rebellion (1840) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Khmer rebels in Hà Tiên
Third Cambodian Rebellion (1840–1841) Ang Mey's royal court Supported by:
  • Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
 Ang Duong's rebel forces Supported by:
  • Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom
 Defeat
  • Đại Nam's troops withdrew from Cambodia
  • Cambodia gained semi-independence but depended on Siam
  • Ang Duong crowned as King of Cambodia
Ba Xuyên's rebellion (1841) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Sơn Tốt and Trần Lâm's rebels Victory
Thất Sơn's rebellion (1841) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Khmer rebels in Thất Sơn Victory
Lâm Sâm's rebellion (1841) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Lâm Sâm's rebels Victory
Đại Nam–Siam War (1841–1845) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Ang Mey and Ang Em's forces Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom Ang Duong's royal court Indecisive
  • Joint Siam-Đại Nam suzerainty of Cambodia.
War against South China Sea pirates (1849) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Qing dynasty Pirates of the South China Coast Victory
Cao Bá Quát's rebellion (1854–1856) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Cao Bá Quát's rebels Victory
Cochinchina campaign (1858–1862) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Second French EmpireSpain Kingdom of Spain Defeat
  • Treaty of Saigon (1862)
  • Cession of Biên Hòa, Gia Định, and Định Tường to the Second French Empire
Tạ Văn Phụng's rebellion (1861–1865) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Tạ Văn Phụng's rebels Victory
Cai Vàng's rebellion (1862–1865) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Cai Vàng's rebels Victory
War on South Chinese bandits (1865–1875) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Qing dynasty Black Flag Army (from 1870) Black Flag Army (until 1870) Yellow Flag Army White Flag Army Victory
  • Black Flag Army surrendered to Đại Nam
  • Yellow Flag Army and White Flag Army destroyed
Đoàn Hữu Trưng's rebellion (1866) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Đoàn Hữu Trưng's rebels Victory
Tonkin expedition (1873–1874) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Black Flag Army French Third Republic Indecisive
  • Commander Francis Garnier killed
  • Treaty of Saigon (1874)
  • Cession of Châu Đốc, Hà Tiên and Vĩnh Long to the French Third Republic
  • French troops withdrew from Tonkin
Tonkin campaign (1883–1886) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Qing dynasty Black Flag Army French Third Republic Defeat
  • Treaty of Huế (1883) and Treaty of Huế (1884)
  • Tonkin and Annam became French protectorates
  • Nguyễn dynasty lost actual authority over Đại Nam

Colonial era

[edit]

French Indochina (1858–1945)

[edit]
Conflict Indochina Opponents Result
Trương Định's uprising (1859–1864) Trương Định's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Nguyễn Hữu Huân's uprising (1859–1874) Nguyễn Hữu Huân's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Nguyễn Trung Trực's uprising (1861–1868) Nguyễn Trung Trực's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Bảy Thưa's rebellion (1867–1873) Trần Văn Thành's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Sino–French War (1884–1885) Qing dynasty Supported by:
  • Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
  • Black Flag Army
 French Third Republic Defeat to Qing
  • Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
  • Qing forced to diplomatically recognize French protectorate over Đại Nam
Yên Thế Insurrection (1884–1913) Hoàng Hoa Thám's forces in Tonkin French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
Cần Vương movement (1885–1896) Hàm Nghi's loyal forces Tôn Thất Thuyết and Nguyễn Văn Tường

Tonkin:

  • Nguyễn Văn Giáp
  • Nguyễn Thiện Thuật
  • Tạ Hiện
  • Phạm Huy Quang
  • Nguyễn Quang Bích
  • Nguyễn Đức Ngữ
  • Hoàng Đình Kinh

Annam:

  • Nguyễn Duy Hiệu
  • Phan Đình Phùng
  • Nguyễn Xuân Ôn
  • Đinh Công Tráng
  • Mai Xuân Thưởng
  • Lê Thành Phương
  • Tống Duy Tân
  • Trịnh Phong
  • Lê Trực
  • Nguyễn Phạm Tuân
  • Lê Trung Đình
  • Trương Đình Hội
  • Nguyễn Tự Như
  • Cù Hoàng Địch
 French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
  • Hàm Nghi captured and deposed of
Franco-Siamese conflict (1893) French Third Republic French Indochina Thailand Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom Victory to French Indochina
  • Annexation of Laos into French Indochina
Anti-tax Movement in Annam (1908) People in Annam French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
Hanoi Poison Plot (1908) Mutiny ĐIndochinese soldiers and cooks in Tonkin French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
N'Trang Lơng's uprising (1911–1935) Montagnard tribes led by N'Trang Lơng in Central Highlands French Third Republic French Indochina Defeat
Restoration League Movement (1913–1925) Vietnam Restoration League French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
Cochinchina uprising (1913–1916) Cochinchina rebels led by Phan Xích Long French Third Republic French Indochina Defeat
Thái Nguyên uprising (1917) Thái Nguyên rebels in Tonkin French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
Red Phú Riềng Movement (1930) Phú Riềng workers Communist Party of Indochina in Cochinchina French Third Republic French Indochina Defeat
Yên Bái mutiny (1930) Vietnam Nationalist Party in Tonkin French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets (1930–1931) Communist Party of Vietnam in Annam Red Guards French Third Republic French Indochina Nguyễn dynasty Defeat
Japanese invasion of French Indochina (1940) French State French Indochina Empire of Japan Victory to Japan
  • Japanese occupation of Indochina

Japanese Indochina (1940–1945)

[edit]
Conflict Indochina Opponents Result
Bắc Sơn uprising [vi] (1940) Communist Party of Vietnam in Tonkin Bắc Sơn's guerrilla forces French State Empire of Japan Defeat
Franco–Thai War (1940–1941) French State French Indochina Thailand Military indecisive Thai political victory
  • Disputed enclaves returned to Thailand
Cochinchina uprising (1940) Communist Party of Vietnam in Cochinchina Empire of Japan French State Defeat
Đô Lương Mutiny (1941) Mutiny Indochinese soldiers led by Đội Cung in Annam French State Defeat
South-East Asian theatre of World War II (1941–1945) Allies
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain
  • Republic of China
  • United States of America
  • Provisional Government of the French Republic (from 1944)
  • Việt Minh (Vietnam Independence League)
  • Free Thai Movement
  • Chinese Communist Party
 Axis
  • Empire of Japan
    • Empire of Vietnam
    • Kingdom of Kampuchea
    • Kingdom of Luang Prabang
  • Thailand
  • State of Burma
  • Second Philippine Republic
  • French State
 Victory to Allies
  • Japan surrendered
Battles of Khai Phat and Na Ngan (1944) Việt Minh French State Victory
Japanese coup d'état (1945) French State French Indochina Empire of Japan Empire of Vietnam Victory to Japan
  • Overthrow of French Indochina
  • Vichy French in Indochina surrendered
  • Foundation of Empire of Vietnam
Ba Tơ uprising (1945) Communist Party of Vietnam in Annam Ba Tơ's guerrilla forces Empire of Japan Provisional Government of the French Republic Victory
August Revolution (1945) Việt Minh
  • Communist Party of Vietnam
  • Vanguard Youth
  • Vietnam Propaganda Liberation Army
  Empire of Japan Third French Republic Empire of Vietnam Victory
  • Foundation of Democratic Republic of Vietnam
  • Ho Chi Minh proclaimed as President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
  • Abdication of Bảo Đại
  • End of monarchism in Vietnam
  • Japan surrendered to Việt Minh

Republican era

[edit]

Democratic Republic of Vietnam - North Vietnam (1945–1976)

[edit]
Conflict North Vietnamand allies Opponents Result Leader Notable batles
Nationalist Chinese troops entering Vietnam (1945)  Democratic Republic of Vietnam  Republic of China
  • Vietnamese Kuomintang
  • Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam
  • Vietnam Revolutionary League

Supported by: France

Victory
  • Ho–Sainteny agreement.
  • Republic of China forces withdrew from North Vietnam.
  • Vietnamese Kuomintang and Vietnam Revolutionary League began conflicting with Việt Minh.
 Hồ Chí Minh
Partisan conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1947) North Vietnam Việt Minh
  • Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Vietnam
  • Socialist Party of Vietnam
  • Democratic Party of Vietnam
  • Vanguard Youth
  • Pro-Việt Minh Buddhists faction
  • Pro-Việt Minh Cao Đài faction
  • Pro-Việt Minh Catholics faction
  • Anti-France Bình Xuyên's forces
 Vietnamese Kuomintang Front
  • Vietnamese Kuomintang
  • Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam
  • Prosper Vietnam Party

National Union Front

  • Vietnam Revolutionary League
  • Vietnamese Democratic Socialist Party
  • Vietnamese Catholic League

National Front

  • Hòa Hảo
  • Cao Đài
  • Pro-France Bình Xuyên

Supported by:

  •  France
  •  Republic of China
 Victory
  • Anti-Việt Minh parties and political organizations crushed.
War in Southern Vietnam (1945–1946) North Vietnam Việt Minh
  • Bình Xuyên
  • Hoà Hảo
  • Cao Đài

Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng

 United Kingdom
  •  British India

 France

  •  French Indochina

 Japan

Defeat
  • Restoration of French rule in Indochina.
  • Beginning of the First Indochina War.
First Indochina War (1946–1954) Resistance war against France  Democratic Republic of Vietnam
  • North Vietnam Việt Minh

Laos Lao Issara (1946–1949)

  • Laos Pathet Lao (since 1949)

Khmer Issarak

  • United Issarak Front (since 1950)

Supported by:

  •  China
  •  Soviet Union
  •  East Germany (since 1950)
  France  French Indochina
  • Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia (since 1946)
  • Laos Kingdom of Laos (since 1947)
  •  State of Vietnam (since 1949)

Supported by:

  •  United States
  •  Republic of China (until 1949)
 Victory
  • 1954 Geneva Conference.
  • French withdrawal from Indochina.
  • Independence of Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Kingdom of Laos and Kingdom of Cambodia.
  • Indochina partitioned into 4 countries.
  • Vietnam temporarily divided into North and South.
  • Battle of Route Coloniale 4 – 1950
  • Battle of Dien Bien Phu – 1954
Chinese Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Shiwandashan (1949) China People's Republic of China
  • Chinese Communist Party

 Democratic Republic of Vietnam

  • North Vietnam Việt Minh
 Taiwan Nationalist Chinese guerrilla forces in Shiwandashan Mountain Victory to Communist China
Vietnam War (1955–1975)[b] Resistance war against America or American War in Vietnam North Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam
  • National Liberation Front

Laos Pathet Lao Democratic Kampuchea Khmer Rouge Supported by:

  • Soviet Union Soviet Union
  • China China
  • North Korea North Korea
  • Warsaw Pact
 United States United States of America South Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Khmer Republic Khmer Republic Kingdom of Laos Kingdom of Laos South Korea South Korea Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand Thailand Thailand Philippines Philippines Supported by:
  • West Germany West Germany
  • Taiwan Taiwan
 Victory
  • US and allies' withdrawal from Vietnam.
  • Communist takeover of South Vietnam.
  • Reunification of Vietnam into Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
 Ho Chi Minh Lê Duẩn
  • Battle of Ap Bac – 1963
  • Battle of Ia Drang – 1965
  • Battle of Ba Gia – 1965
  • Battle of Binh Gia – 1965
  • Battle of Đồng Xoài – 1965
  • Battle of Long Tan – 1966
  • Battle of Dak To – 1967
  • Battle of Ong Thanh – 1967
  • Battle of Huế – 1968
  • Battle of Khe Sanh – 1968
  • Battle of Hamburger Hill – 1969
  • Battle of Hill 723 – 1971
  • Battle of Ban Dong – 1971
  • Battle of Phước Long – 1975
  • Battle of Ban Me Thuot
Laotian Civil War (1959–1975) Laos Pathet Lao Lao Neutralists (1960–1962) Patriotic Neutralists (from 1963) North Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam National Liberation Front Supported by:
  • Soviet Union Soviet Union
  • China China
 Kingdom of Laos Kingdom of Laos Lao Neutralists (from 1962) United States United States of America South Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Thailand Thailand Victory to Pathet Lao
  • Establishment of Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Communist insurgency in Thailand (1965–1983) Communist Party of Thailand Communist Party of Malaysia Pathet Lao Khmer Rouge Supported by:
  • North Vietnam (until 1976)
  • Vietnam (from 1976)
  • People's Republic of China (1971–1976)
 Kingdom of Thailand Malaysia United States of America Republic of China (until 1967) Supported by:
  • Indonesia (from 1968)
 Defeat to Communist Party of Thailand
  • Thai government victory and amnesty in 1980.
  • Communist insurgency declined.
Cambodian Civil War (1968–1975) Democratic Kampuchea Khmer Rouge Cambodia GRUNK (from 1970) North Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam National Liberation Front Supported by:
  • Soviet Union Soviet Union
  • China China
 Khmer Republic Khmer Republic United States United States of America South Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Kingdom of Laos Kingdom of Laos Victory to Khmer Rouge
  • Establishment of Democratic Kampuchea.
  • Beginning of Cambodian genocide.

State of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam – South Vietnam (1949–1975)

[edit]
Conflict South Vietnamand allies Opponents Result Leader
Partisan conflicts in State of Vietnam (1955) State of Vietnam Pro-Ngô Đình Diệm groups
  • State of Vietnam National Revolutionary Committee
  • Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party
  •  Vietnamese National Army

Supported by: United States

State of Vietnam Pro-Bảo Đại groups
  • State of Vietnam National All-Power United Front
    • Bình Xuyên
    • Hoà Hảo
    • Cao Đài

Vietnamese Kuomintang Nationalist Party of Greater VietnamSupported by: France

Regime change
  • Victory to Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm.
  • Chief of State Bảo Đại deposed of.
  • Ngô Đình Diệm became president.
  • Establishment of Republic of Vietnam.
 Bảo Đại
First South Vietnamese coup d'état (1960) Army of the Republic of Vietnam loyalists Presidential Guard  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels Republic of Vietnam Marine Division rebels Republic of Vietnam Airborne Division rebels Victory
  • Coup failed.
 Ngô Đình Diệm
Buddhist crisis (1963)  South Vietnam Revolting Buddhists Indecisive
  • Beginning of the 1963 South Vietnamese coup.
Second South Vietnamese coup d'état (1963) Army of the Republic of Vietnam loyalists Presidential Guard Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces State of Vietnam Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels Republic of Vietnam Marine Division rebels Republic of Vietnam Air Force rebels Republic of Vietnam Airborne Division rebelsSupported by: United States
  • CIA
 Defeat
  • Coup success.
  • Revolutionary Military Council seized power.
  • Ngô Đình Diệm and Ngô Đình Nhu arrested and assassinated.
  • Loyalist commanders Lê Quang Tung and Hồ Tấn Quyền summarily executed.
  • Ngô Đình Cẩn arrested; tried and executed in May 1964.
  • Republic of Vietnam weakened and became more dependent on the United States.
Third South Vietnamese coup d'état (1/1964) State of Vietnam Revolutionary Military Council led by Dương Văn Minh  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels led by Nguyễn Khánh Defeat
  • Coup success.
  • Military junta led by Dương Văn Minh ousted from power.
  • Nguyễn Khánh seized power.
 Dương Văn Minh
Montagnard rebellion (1964–1969)  South Vietnam BAJARAKAFULRO Victory Nguyễn Khánh Dương Văn Minh Phan Khắc Sửu Nguyễn Văn Thiệu.
Fourth South Vietnamese coup d'état (9/1964)  South Vietnam
  •  Army of the Republic of Vietnam ruling junta
  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels Victory
  • Coup defeated.
  • Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and Nguyễn Chánh Thi gained more power over junta leader Nguyễn Khánh.
 Nguyễn Khánh
Fifth South Vietnamese coup d'état (12/1964) State of Vietnam High National Council  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels Defeat
  • Coup success.
  • Dissolution of High National Council.
  • Nguyễn Khánh political victory.
Sixth South Vietnamese coup d'état (1965)  South Vietnam
  •  Army of the Republic of Vietnam ruling junta
  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels Victory
  • Original coup defeated.
  • Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and Nguyễn Chánh Thi then forced Nguyễn Khánh from power and into exile.
Buddhist Uprising (1966)  South Vietnam
  •  Army of the Republic of Vietnam loyalists
  • National Police
  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels Buddhists monks Victory Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
Northeast Cay incident (1968)  South Vietnam  Philippines Defeat
  • Capture of Northeast Cay and Southwest Cay in Spratly Islands by Philippines.
Southwest Cay incident (1970)  South Vietnam  Philippines Victory
  • Recapture of Southwest Cay in Spratly Islands by Republic of Vietnam.
Battle of the Paracel Islands (1974)  South Vietnam
  •  Republic of Vietnam Navy
  China
  •  People's Liberation Army Navy
 Defeat
  • Capture of Paracel Islands by China.

Unification era

[edit]

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)

[edit]
Conflict Vietnam and allies Opponents Result Leader
Insurgency in the Central Highlands (1975–1992) Vietnam Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989) Laos Laos FULRO Victory Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991) Đỗ Mười (from)
Cambodian-Vietnamese border skirmish (1975–1978) Vietnam Vietnam Democratic Kampuchea Democratic Kampuchea Victory
  • Cambodian invasion repelled.
 Lê Duẩn
Insurgency in Laos (1975–2007) Laos Laos

Pro-government Hmong people Vietnam Vietnam

Anti-government Hmong insurgents Victory to Laos Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991) Đỗ Mười (1991–1997) Lê Khả Phiêu (1997–2001) Nông Đức Mạnh (from 2001)
Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1978–1989)  VietnamPeople's Republic of Kampuchea FUNSKPost-invasion:1979–1989: Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea1989–1991: State of CambodiaSupported by:
  •  Soviet Union
  •  Cuba
  •  Poland
  •  Czechoslovakia
  •  East Germany
  Democratic Kampuchea (1979–1982)Post-invasion: CGDK/NGC (1982–1990)
  • Khmer Rouge
  • KPNLF
  • FUNCINPEC

 Thailand (border clashes)Supported by:

  •  China
  •  Thailand
  •  Singapore
  •  United Kingdom
  •  United States
  •  Romania
 Victory
  • Removal of the Khmer Rouge from power.
  • Establishment of People's Republic of Kampuchea.
  • Vietnamese withdrawal from Cambodia in 1989.
  • 1991 Paris Peace Accords.
 Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (from 1986)
Vietnamese border raids in Thailand (1979–1989)  Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea People's Republic of Kampuchea  Thailand Khmer Rouge Supported by:
  •  China
  •  United States
 Victory
  • Destruction of numerous Khmer Rouge's guerrilla bases and refugee camps along Thai-Cambodian border.
Sino–Vietnamese War (1979)  Vietnam  China Stalemate
  • Both sides claimed victory.
  • Chinese withdrawal from northern Vietnam.
 Lê Duẩn
Sino-Vietnamese border conflicts (1979 – 1991)  Vietnam  China Stalemate
  • China occupied some Vietnamese areas briefly and retreated.
  • Normalization of bilateral relations.
 Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991)Đỗ Mười (from 1991)
Thai–Laotian Border War (1987–1988)  Laos  Vietnam  Thailand Victory to Laos
  • Peace talks in Bangkok.
 Nguyễn Văn Linh
Johnson South Reef Skirmish (1988)  Vietnam  China Defeat
  • Capture of Johnson South Reef by China.
Cambodian Internal Conflict (1993–1998) Cambodia Cambodia Supported by:
  • Vietnam Vietnam
 Democratic Kampuchea Khmer Rouge Victory to Cambodia
  • Khmer Rouge surrendered.
 Đỗ Mười (until 1997) Lê Khả Phiêu (from 1997)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ 258 BC is the current consensus. Some Vietnamese sources such as the Đại Việt sử lược and the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư contend that this event took place in 208 BC; whereas the Chinese Records of the Grand Historian dates the enthronement of Thục Phán in 218 BC, amidst the Qin campaign against the Baiyue.
  2. ^ Start date remains disputed, but North Vietnam did not intervene before 1959.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008). History Dictionary of Laos (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-8108-5624-0.

References

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