NH4+ - The NIST WebBook

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NH4+
  • Formula: H4N+
  • Molecular weight: 18.0379
  • IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 Copy InChI version 1.06
  • IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Copy
  • CAS Registry Number: 14798-03-9
  • Chemical structure: H4N+ This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5)
  • Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
  • Information on this page:
    • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
    • References
    • Notes
  • Other data available:
    • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 93
    • Ion clustering data
    • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Options:
    • Switch to calorie-based units

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

(NH4+ • 3Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 4Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 4H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°118. ± 8.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
14.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 3Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°50. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°105. ± 5.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
27.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973gas phase
27.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase

(NH4+ • Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°70. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°100.J/mol*KHPMSTang and Castleman, 1975gas phase
ΔrS°99.2J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase
ΔrS°104.J/mol*KDTLong and Franklin, 1973gas phase
ΔrS°112.J/mol*KPHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1968gas phase
ΔrS°95.8J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; typographical error in ΔrH

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
41.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973gas phase; DG>
42.3296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
23.400.HPMSWincel, 1972gas phase

NH4+ + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia)

By formula: H4N+ + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°107. ± 6.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°111. ± 10.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
26.400.HPMSWincel, 1972gas phase

(NH4+ • Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°72.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line
ΔrH°57.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small
ΔrH°61.5kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°120.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line
ΔrS°92.0J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small
ΔrS°91.6J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°37.kJ/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.414.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small

(NH4+ • 4Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 5Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 4H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 5H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°29.kJ/molPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase
ΔrH°31.kJ/molPHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1968gas phase
ΔrH°30.kJ/molMKERWei, Tzeng, et al., 1990gas phase; from graph
ΔrH°12.kJ/molTPEPICOKamke, Herrmann, et al., 1988gas phase
ΔrH°40.kJ/molDTLong and Franklin, 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°90.0J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase
ΔrS°100.J/mol*KPHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1968gas phase
ΔrS°130.J/mol*KDTLong and Franklin, 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°2.kJ/molHPMSHogg, Haynes, et al., 1966gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 3Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°57.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase
ΔrH°56.1kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
ΔrH°51.0kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°104.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase
ΔrS°105.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
ΔrS°88.7J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°27.kJ/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

NH4+ + Water = (NH4+ • Water)

By formula: H4N+ + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°86.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase
ΔrH°83.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
ΔrH°72.4kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°103.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase
ΔrS°96.7J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
ΔrS°82.4J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 3Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 4Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 4CHN • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°36.kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.292.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error

(NH4+ • 3Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 4Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°45.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
ΔrH°51.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°96.2J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
ΔrS°114.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°21.kJ/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

NH4+ + Cyanogen = (NH4+ • Cyanogen)

By formula: H4N+ + C2N2 = (H4N+ • C2N2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.5kJ/molPHPMSSpeller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KN/ASpeller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
13.315.PHPMSSpeller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<

NH4+ + Cyclohexane = (NH4+ • Cyclohexane)

By formula: H4N+ + C6H12 = (H4N+ • C6H12)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°40.kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
12.317.PHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<

(NH4+ • Ammonia • 2Hydrogen cyanide) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia • 2Hydrogen cyanide)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • 2CHN) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • 2CHN)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.0kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
28.315.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 2Hydrogen cyanide • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • CHN • 2H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 2CHN • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°46.9kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
21.315.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • Hydrogen cyanide)

By formula: (H4N+ • CHN) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • CHN)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°78.7kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
39.429.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(NH4+ • 4Acetone) + Acetone = (NH4+ • 5Acetone)

By formula: (H4N+ • 4C3H6O) + C3H6O = (H4N+ • 5C3H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°42.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°100.J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.215.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

NH4+ + 1-Propene, 2-methyl- = (NH4+ • 1-Propene, 2-methyl-)

By formula: H4N+ + C4H8 = (H4N+ • C4H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°146.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991gas phase; condensation
ΔrH°146.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°155.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991gas phase; condensation
ΔrS°164.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+

NH4+ + Benzene, 1,4-difluoro- = (NH4+ • Benzene, 1,4-difluoro-)

By formula: H4N+ + C6H4F2 = (H4N+ • C6H4F2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
21.395.PHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

NH4+ + Ethylene = (NH4+ • Ethylene)

By formula: H4N+ + C2H4 = (H4N+ • C2H4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°42.kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
15.294.PHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(NH4+ • 4Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 5Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.4kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
ΔrH°41.kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°113.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
ΔrS°93.7J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 5Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 6Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 5H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 6H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°27.kJ/molPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase
ΔrH°30.kJ/molMKERWei, Tzeng, et al., 1990gas phase; from graph
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°91.6J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase

(NH4+ • 5Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 6Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 6H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°38.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
13.266.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase

(NH4+ • 6Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 7Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°35.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
12.254.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase

NH4+ + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide)

By formula: H4N+ + CHN = (H4N+ • CHN)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°91.6kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase
ΔrH°85.8kJ/molPHPMSSpeller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°97.9J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase
ΔrS°84.5J/mol*KPHPMSSpeller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • CHN • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°56.1kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°76.6J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(NH4+ • Ammonia • 2Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • 2H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°65.7kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°142.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • Water • 2Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • 2H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • 2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°49.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°116.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia • Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 3Ammonia • Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°62.8kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°144.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Water • Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • 3Water • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 3H2O • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°119.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • Ammonia • Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia • Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°71.5kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°133.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • Water • Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°53.1kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°105.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • Water • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • 2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.9kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°103.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°76.1kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°127.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 3Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • Water • 3Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • 3H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°49.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°117.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 3Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • 3Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°72.4kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°147.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Water • Sulfur dioxide) + Water = (NH4+ • 3Water • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O • O2S) + H2O = (H4N+ • 3H2O • O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°22.kJ/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields

(NH4+ • Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • Water • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.9J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • Water • Sulfur dioxide) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • O2S) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°31.kJ/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields

(NH4+ • Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°77.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°96.2J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase

(NH4+ • Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy-) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy-)

By formula: (H4N+ • C4H10O2) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • C4H10O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°58.6kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°81.2J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase

NH4+ + Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy- = (NH4+ • Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy-)

By formula: H4N+ + C4H10O2 = (H4N+ • C4H10O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°160. ± 10.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; possible ether decomposition
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°150.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; possible ether decomposition

NH4+ + Methane = (NH4+ • Methane)

By formula: H4N+ + CH4 = (H4N+ • CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°15.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°64.9J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

NH4+ + Hydrogen sulfide = (NH4+ • Hydrogen sulfide)

By formula: H4N+ + H2S = (H4N+ • H2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°47.7kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°69.9J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 3Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 3CHN • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°53.6kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°101.J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase

(NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 2Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 2CHN • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.0kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°81.2J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia • Acetonitrile) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 3Ammonia • Acetonitrile)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N • C2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°56.9kJ/molMKERTzeng, Wei, et al., 1991gas phase; from graph

(NH4+ • 3Ammonia • Acetonitrile) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 4Ammonia • Acetonitrile)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 4H3N • C2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°31.kJ/molMKERTzeng, Wei, et al., 1991gas phase; from graph

(NH4+ • 4Ammonia • Acetonitrile) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 5Ammonia • Acetonitrile)

By formula: (H4N+ • 4H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 5H3N • C2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°29.kJ/molMKERTzeng, Wei, et al., 1991gas phase; from graph

(NH4+ • 5Ammonia • Acetonitrile) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 6Ammonia • Acetonitrile)

By formula: (H4N+ • 5H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 6H3N • C2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°25.kJ/molMKERTzeng, Wei, et al., 1991gas phase; from graph

(NH4+ • 6Ammonia • Acetonitrile) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 7Ammonia • Acetonitrile)

By formula: (H4N+ • 6H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 7H3N • C2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°23.kJ/molMKERTzeng, Wei, et al., 1991gas phase; from graph

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973 Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Thermal Energy Positive Ion Reactions in a Wet Atmosphere Containing Ammonia, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 12, 6272, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680006 . [all data]

Puckett and Teague, 1971 Puckett, L.J.; Teague, M.W., Ion-Molecule Reactions in NO - NH3 Gas Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 11, 4860, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674763 . [all data]

Tang and Castleman, 1975 Tang, I.N.; Castleman, A.W., Gas - Phase Solvation of the Ammonium Ion in Ammonia, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 11, 4576, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430331 . [all data]

Arshadi and Futrell, 1974 Arshadi, M.R.; Futrell, J.H., Studies in High - Pressure Mass Spectrometry. V. Thermodynamics of Solvation Reactions. NH4+ - NH3, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 15, 1482, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100608a008 . [all data]

Long and Franklin, 1973 Long, J.W.; Franklin, J.L., Ion-Cluster Reactions in a Drift Tube Ion Source, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys, 1973, 12, 5, 403, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(73)80025-7 . [all data]

Searles and Kebarle, 1968 Searles, S.K.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Solvent-Molecule Interactions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies for the Reactions NH4+(NH3)(n-1) + NH3 = NH4+(NH3)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 2, 742, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100848a061 . [all data]

Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 Payzant, J.D.; Cunningham, A.J.; Kebarle, P., Gas - Phase Solvation of Ammonium Ion by NH3 and H2O and Stabilities of Mixed Clusters NH4+(NH3)n(H2O)w, Can. J. Chem., 1973, 51, 19, 3242, https://doi.org/10.1139/v73-485 . [all data]

Wincel, 1972 Wincel, H., Ion-Molecule Reactions in Ammonia at High Pressures, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 3, 267, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(72)80053-6 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986 Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V., The Filling of Solvent Shells in Cluster Ions: Thermochemical Criteria nd the Effects of Isomeric Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 25, 6616, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100283a006 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 2. Hydration of Onium Ions by 1 - 7 H2O Molecules. Relations Between Monomolecular, Specific and Bulk Hydration, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5, 1265, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a016 . [all data]

Banic and Iribarne, 1985 Banic, C.M.; Iribarne, J.V., Equilibrium Constants for Clustering of Neutral Molecules about Gaseous Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 12, 6432, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449543 . [all data]

Wei, Tzeng, et al., 1990 Wei, S.; Tzeng, W.B.; Castleman, A.W., Kinetic Energy Release Measurements of Ammonia Cluster Ions During Metastable Decomposition and Determination of Cluster Ion Binding Energies, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1, 332, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458434 . [all data]

Kamke, Herrmann, et al., 1988 Kamke, W.; Herrmann, R.; Wang, Z.; Hertel, I.V., On the Photoionization and Fragmentation of Ammonia Clusters using TPEPICO, Z. Phys. D., 1988, 10, 4, 491, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01425768 . [all data]

Hogg, Haynes, et al., 1966 Hogg, A.M.; Haynes, R.M.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Solvent Molecule Interactions Studied in the Gas Phase. Heats and Entropies of Individual Steps. NH4+.(n-1)NH3 = NH4+.nNH3, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 1, 28, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00953a006 . [all data]

Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 Deakyne, C.A.; Knuth, D.M.; Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Filling of Solvent Shells about Ions. Part 3. Isomeric Clusters of (HCN)n(NH3)mH+, J. Mol. Structure (Theochem), 1994, 307, 217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(94)80130-4 . [all data]

Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 3. Bonds Involving Cyanides. Correlations with Proton Affinites, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 81, 24, 5217, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a020 . [all data]

Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2, 474, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00288a034 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W.; Liebman, J.F.; Scheiner, S., Complexing of the Ammonium Ion by Polyethers. Comparative Complexing Thermochemistry of Ammonium, Hydronium, and Alkali Cations, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 16, 6445, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9514943 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991 Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990 Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Ion Thermochemistry at High Temperatures. 1. Thermochemistry of the Ammonium Ion from Variable - Temperature Equilibrium Measurements. Proton Transfer, Association, and Decomposition Reactions in Ammonia, Isobutene, and t-Butylamine, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 19, 7730, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100382a076 . [all data]

Bennet and Field, 1972 Bennet, S.L.; Field, F.H., Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. VI. The NH3 - CH4, H2S - CH4 and CF4 - CH4 Systems at Low Temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 18, 6305, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00773a009 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985 Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 4. SH+ O and NH+ S Bonds. Correlations with Proton Affinity. Mutual Effects of Weak and Strong Ligands in Mixed Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 24, 5222, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a021 . [all data]

Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991 Tzeng, W.B.; Wei, S.; Castleman, A.W., Stability, Structure and Binding - Energies of Solvated Cluster Ions - Ammonia Acetonitrile and Ammonia Acetaldehyde Systems, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 15, 5757, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100168a011 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References

  • Symbols used in this document:
    T Temperature
    ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
    ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
    ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  • Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
  • The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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