(PDF) Environmental Assessment As A New Tool For Sustainable ...

Log InSign Up

• Log In
• Sign Up
• more
• • About
  • Press
  • Papers
  • Terms
  • Privacy
  • Copyright
  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center
  • less

Outline

keyboard_arrow_downTitleAbstractReferencesdownload

Download Free PDF

Download Free PDFEnvironmental assessment as a new tool for sustainable management?: An application in south-Cameroon rain forest regionGuillaume Lescuyervisibility

…

description

153 pages

descriptionSee full PDFdownloadDownload PDF bookmarkSave to LibraryshareShareclose

Sign up for access to the world's latest research

Sign up for freearrow_forwardcheckGet notified about relevant paperscheckSave papers to use in your researchcheckJoin the discussion with peerscheckTrack your impact

Abstract

AI

The paper explores the application of environmental assessment as a new tool for sustainable management in the rainforest region of South Cameroon. It discusses various management implications, including the effects on local revenue, public income, ecosystem diversity, and socio-economic conditions. The study suggests the potential financial benefits for non-residents and highlights the challenges in implementing effective management strategies.

... Read more

Related papers

Water management and resource use in eastern African wetlandsStéphanie DUVAIL

Pangea, 2004

Water management and resource use in eastern African wetlands Gestion de l'eau et partage des ressources des zones humides en Afrique de l'Est

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightTAPIS: an integrated indicators system for performance assessment of traditional agro-forestry in South West CameroonPatrick Sama-Lang

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightUNDERSTANDING THE BLUEPRINT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE HEADWAY AND IMPEDIMENTS IN CAMEROON.IJAR Indexing

Explicitly, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a key aspect of many planning applications. It is an information gathering exercise carried out by the developer which enables a Local Planning Authority to understand the environmental effects of a development before deciding whether it should go ahead. Apparently, the EIA of developing country dates back to the mid-1970s, varying significantly from country to country, with its performance generally falling far behind the EIA of developed countries. Thus, it is crucial and paramount that this performance should be improved in order to ameliorate and enhance the protection of the environment of the developing countries. In this regard, this article considers the general perspectives of EIA in developing countries, against a set of robust evaluation criteria to determine its strengths and weaknesses on issues relating to: legal framework, coverage, consideration of alternatives, screening, scoping, report preparation, report review, decision-making, impact monitoring, mitigation, consultation and participation, system monitoring, costs and benefits, and strategic environmental assessment. Therefore, based on these, it is realised that in developing countries in general and Cameroon in particular, the EIA practice is facing some short comings and encumbrances, as only few of the evaluation criteria are usually met. This, implicitly, suggests that there are some urgent generic and crucial issues to be addressed and redressed, if EIA has to fulfil its viable objectives in the sustainable development agenda. Some of the issues include legislation, organisational capacity, training, environmental information, participation, diffusion of experience, donor policy and political will, as envisaged in the case of Cameroon.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightLand Resource Management for Sustainability in the Oku-Mbessa Highlands, North West Region, CameroonMbanga Lawrence Akei

International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 2019

Land resources constitute one of the most indispensable resources and the ultimate prerequisites for the survival and prosperity of humankind on the earth surface. Management is very indispensible for sustainability and livelihoods of resources and population respectively. The aim of the study is to examine the trends of land resource management, and present the implications on land resource sustainability and livelihoods using Landsat images of 1988Landsat images of , 2000Landsat images of , 2007Landsat images of and 2018 in the Oku-Mbessa Highlands of Cameroon. A historical survey and comparative research designs with mixed qualitative-quantitative research approaches were used to detect the annual rates of land resource cover changes for the periods of 1982 to 1994, 1995 to 2006 and 2007 to 2018, analysed at spatiotemporal levels. Data was collected from 150 household heads using a semistructured questionnaire. Data was analysed using inferential statistics with the F-ratio Test at a 0.05 critical level and a df of 4 to determine the management trends, sustainable and livelihood patterns ushered. The results reveal the calculated F-ratio values for the three periodical trends of 1.09, 1.21 and 2.05 are higher than the tabulated ratios of 0.36, 0.31 and 0.89 respectively. This indicates that there has been a significant increase in the trends of land resource management. Positive environmental sustainable and livelihood patterns were introduced in the management process. This study recommends the need for the government to improve management security at the grassroots level to forestall the inextricable link between resource management, sustainability and livelihoods in the Oku-Mbessa highlands.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightAssessment and Utilization of Environmental Resources at Ode-Irele Forest Area, NigeriaKayode Ogunsusi

i. Ogunsusi, K. and Adeleke, B. O. (2016): Assessment and Utilisation of Environmental Resources at Ode-Irele Forest Area, Nigeria. Proceedings of Joint Biodiversity Conservation Conference of Nigeria Tropical Biological Association (NTBA) and Nigeria Chapter of Society for Conservation Biology (..., 2016

Reliance on subsistence extraction of environmental resources can ignite strong desire to implement sustainable practices for the continual availability of products. The primary dataset used for this study was extracted from survey conducted in Ode-Irele forest area. Questionnaires were administered on one adult person per household in five selected villages namely Ludasa, Lonla, Loda, Petu and Gbogi. The five villages were purposively selected as a result of their proximity to the forest areas. Questionnaires were administered to 20 household heads purposively selected from each village. Time land was acquired and property owned were considered as the main criteria for defining households. Direct economic uses of the forest were ascertained by asking the respondent about the satisfaction derived from using environmental resources and whether payment should be made for the resources. This study was framed within the model that sustainable management of environmental resources is a consequence of heavy reliance on subsistence extraction of resources. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages. The result shows that 38 % of respondents have acquired land in the study area since birth, while literate respondents accounted for 27% in property ownership. There is a high reliance on environmental resources for food, natural honey, medicinal plants, wild fruits and use of wood for fuel. Also trades in wild animals and their products were on the high side. Knowledge of respondents about the management of trees for resources such as timber with arable crops (92%), resins (95%), shade for domestic animals/understorey crops (92%), soil conservation (83%), water conservation (75%) was high. Many approved payments for managing environmental resources. Sustainable management of environmental resources by local residents in natural forested areas could only be achieved if an alternative means could be provided to reduce heavy reliance on resources for survival

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightSustainable forest management in Cameroon needs more than approved forest management plansPaolo O Cerutti, Luca Tacconi

Ecology and Society, 2008

ABSTRACT. One of the main objectives of the 1994 Cameroonian forestry law is to improve the management of production forests by including minimum safeguards for sustainability into compulsory forest management plans. As of 2007, about 3.5 million hectares (60%) of the productive forests are harvested following the prescriptions of 49 approved management plans. The development and implementation of these forest management plans has been interpreted by several international organizations as long awaited evidence that ...

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightThe Challenges of Decentralized Management of the Ngoyla-Mintom Forest Massif (South-East Cameroon)IJAERS Journal

2020

This research is based on the participatory appraisal of the Ngoyla-Mintom Forest Resources Conservation and Sustainable Use Project. It allows the various stakeholders met to take stock of the success factors of the decentralized forest management project implemented in their region and the constraints related to its ownership. The grid for this participatory assessment is based on the framework for assessing the effectiveness of the management of protected areas developed by Hockings et al (2006) on behalf of the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA). This involves measuring the following six key aspects: the context for creating a protected area (potential and threats); site management planning; inputs (inputs - resources or means of action); the management process; the outputs in terms of immediate effects (outputs) and finally, the results in terms of sustainability (outcomes). The choice of this evaluation framework is justified by the fact that it has become the world benchmark for the management of protected areas and fits well with the purpose of this study. This reflection is based on data from secondary and primary sources. The main results obtained show that the impacts of the Ngoyla-Mintom Project are globally positive in ecological and socio-economic terms. As for the impacts on the living environment, we are witnessing the regeneration of flora and the repopulation of wildlife species.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightApplication of Quantitative Methods in Natural Resource Management in AfricaElias Ayuk

Econometric Methods for Analyzing Economic Development, 2014

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)'s natural resource base constitutes the sub-continent's greatest asset. These Natural Resources (NRs), both renewable and non-renewable, are the backbone of the continent as they play very critical functions in the livelihood strategies of the people. There are a wide range of questions and issues concerning the proper management of these NRs. One of the issues relates to the economics of resource preservation, which includes questions associated with the quantifiable benefits of resource preservation, the environmental costs and benefits of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) strategies, the economic impact of land use changes, and valuation of ecosystem goods and services. The other issue concerns the ecosystem and economic system interaction. Particular themes of interest are the co-management of natural resources, trans-boundary natural resource management, and the management of resources to reconcile revenue generation, social development, and environmental services of natural resources. This chapter reviews the literature on quantitative approaches that have been undertaken to enhance the understanding of selected Natural Resource Management (NRM) problems on the continent. The review suggests that a wide range of quantitative approaches have been applied in the context of the African resource economics literature, but this review also identifies some specific areas that have received little attention.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightImplementing principles, criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management in GabonKagoyire Kamanzi

Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 2018

Sustainable forest management is the process of managing forest to achieve one or more clearly specified objectives without diminishing the forest's ability to continue providing goods and services in perpetuity. In this paper, we show how the African Timber Organization/ International Tropical Timber Organization principles, criteria and indicators for the sustainable management of African forests can help timber companies assess their progress towards this goal in Gabon. Through a partnership between International Tropical Timber Organization project PD 124/01 Rev. 2(M), the World Wildlife Fund, and the ministry responsible for forests in Gabon, audits were conducted between 2012 and 2014 to evaluate the implementation of sustainable forest management in 14 forest concessions in Gabon. In general, results show that Principle 4, linked to the well-being of workers and local populations, proved the most difficult principle to implement, while Principle 3, dealing with maintaining ecological functions, was the least problematic. A number of companies were found to be experiencing significant difficulties in implementing management plans. It is also clear that independent forest certification has become a key element for ensuring the successful implementation of sustainable forest management.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightThe Unsustainable Exploitation of Wildlife-Habitat Resources in Tubah Sub-Division, Northwest Region, Cameroonmelle ekane maurice

International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2016

There has been rampant encroachment on Cameroons protected forest landscapes in the last few years. This has resulted to the loss of substantial parts of the forest cover through cultivation for agriculture, settlements, charcoal processing, logging and hunting. The principal target group for this research was the local forest community in and around Tubah Upland Forest who wrestle their living from this forest. The data collection involved an oral interview and questionnaire administration. The results showed that Gender and the awareness of wildlife laws in Tubah region correlated significantly (r 2 =0.726 at p<0.05) gender. Also, the importance of forest resources had a significant correlation with solutions to wildlife conflict (r 2 =0.379 at p<0.05). In addition, the reason for settlement also had a significant relationship with organizations mitigating human-wildlife conflict (r 2 =0.863 at p<0.05) with NGO'S such as CIRMAD (The Care for Indigenous Resources Management and Development) working to raise conservation awareness in the area. Furthermore, the investigation on the importance of forest resources recorded 67.88% on forest exploitation. Edible plants rich in protein accounted for 16.57% in the survey. Moreso, the solutions to human-wildlife conflict also recorded 77.78%, confirming very little help is given to local people by the government authorities. Finally wildlife contact rate recorded 11.52%, 8.08%, 44.24%, and 36.16% respectively for very frequent, infrequent, frequent, and no contact rates. This survey revealed the importance of the corporation and integration of the local community in forest conservation decision-making.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightSee full PDFdownloadDownload PDF

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (115)

1. $JDUZDOD 6%& DQG %LVZDV $. (QYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DQDO\VLV IRU GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV(QYLURQPHQWDO&RQVHUYDWLRQ
2. $QGHUVRQ-0DQG6SHQFHU7 &DUERQ QXWULHQW DQG ZDWHU EDODQFHV RI WURSLFDO UDLQ IRUHVWHFRV\VWHPVVXEMHFWWRGLVWXUEDQFH0$%'LJHVW81(6&23DULV)UDQFH
3. $QGMHPEH -3 ([SORLWDWLRQ IRUHVWLqUH HW SRSXODWLRQV YLOODJHRLVHV j $GMDS VXG &DPHURXQ XQH pWXGH VRFLRORJLTXH GHV SHUFHSWLRQV ORFDOHV GH OLQGXVWULH GX ERLV 06F WKHVLV8QLYHUVLWp<DRXQGp,7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ $SSLDK2SRNX6(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWLQGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV7KHFDVH RI*KDQD(QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW5HYLHZ
4. $7,%7DQG)$25RDGLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVLQWURSLFDOIRUHVWVURDGWRGHYHORSPHQWRUURDG WRGHVWUXFWLRQ"$7,%7)$2SXEOLFDWLRQ)$25RPH,WDO\ $XJp0/HVGRPDLQHVGHODSDUHQWp0DVSHUR3DULV)UDQFH %DLOH\ 5& %DKXFKHW 6 DQG +HZOHWW % 'HYHORSPHQW LQ WKH &HQWUDO $IULFDQ UDLQIRUHVW &RQFHUQ IRU IRUHVW SHRSOHV ,Q )RUHVW SHRSOHV DQG SURGXFWV :RUOG %DQN :DVKLQJWRQ'&86$
5. RUHVWFHUWLILFDWLRQWKHGHEDWHDERXWVWDQGDUGV5XUDO'HYHORSPHQW)RUHVWU\ 1HWZRUNE2',/RQGRQ8.
6. %DWWHUEXU\6/RFDOHQYLURQPHQWDOPDQDJHPHQWODQGGHJUDGDWLRQDQGWKH*HVWLRQGHV 7HUURLUV DSSURDFK LQ :HVW $IULFD SROLFLHV DQG SLWIDOOV -RXUQDO RI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'HYHORSPHQW %HDWWLH 5% (YHU\WKLQJ \RX DOUHDG\ NQRZ DERXW (,$ EXW GRQW RIWHQ DGPLW (QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW5HYLHZ %HNKXLV3+DELWDWUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGSRWHQWLDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIVRPHODUJHPDPPDOVLQ VRXWKZHVW &DPHURRQ 06F WKHVLV :DJHQLQJHQ $JULFXOWXUDO 8QLYHUVLW\ :DJHQLQJHQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV
7. YRQ%HQGD%HFNPDQQ)*HVFKLHUH3DQG1NZL3 3URMHFW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV 6 SUHOLPLQDU\ V\QWKHVLV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW WKH 6HPLQDU &RQWULEXWLRQ GHV VFLHQFHV VRFLDOHV j OpODERUDWLRQ GX 6FKpPD 'LUHFWHXU G$PpQDJHPHQW IRUHVWLHU GH OD ]RQHGHUHFKHUFKHGX3URJUDPPH7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ
8. YDQ GHQ %HUJ -%XOX FRPPXQLWLHV DQG ODQG WHQXUH XQGHU SUHVVXUH D FDVH IURP WKH 6RXWK&DPHURRQ3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDWWKH6HPLQDURQ(QYLURQPHQWDO5HVRXUFH&RPSHWLWLRQ 6HSWHPEHU7KH+DJXHDQG/HLGHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
9. YDQGHQ%HUJ-'LYHUJLQJSHUFHSWLRQVRQWKHIRUHVW%XOXIRUHVWWHQXUHDQGWKH &DPHURRQ IRUHVW ODZ ,Q 1DVL 5 $QVDOOHP , DQG 'URXLQHDX 6 HGV /D JHVWLRQ GHV IRUrWVGHQVHVDIULFDLQHVDXMRXUG ¶KXL&,5$'0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH&'520
10. YDQGHQ%HUJ-'LYHUJLQJSHUFHSWLRQVRQWKHIRUHVW%XOXIRUHVWWHQXUHDQGWKH &DPHURRQ IRUHVW ODZ ,Q :LHUVXP .) HG 7URSLFDO IRUHVW UHVRXUFH G\QDPLFV DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQIURPORFDOWRJOREDOLVVXHV7URSLFDO5HVRXUFH0DQDJHPHQW3DSHUV
11. YDQ GHQ %HUJ -3URPRWLRQ UHFRJQLWLRQ DQG UHVSHFW RI FXVWRPDU\ FODLPV RQ IRUHVW UHVRXUFHV,Q)DRKRP%-RQNHUV:%-1NZL316FKPLGW3DQG7FKDWDW0HGV 6XVWDLQDEOH 0DQDJHPHQW RI $IULFDQ 5DLQ )RUHVW 3DUW , :RUNVKRS 7KH 7URSHQERV )RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
12. YDQGHQ%HUJ-DQG%LHVEURXFN.7KHVRFLDOGLPHQVLRQRIUDLQIRUHVWPDQDJHPHQWLQ &DPHURRQ LVVXHV IRU FRPDQDJHPHQW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 6HULHV 7KH 7URSHQERV &DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ YDQGHQ%HUJK-(FRORJLFDOHFRQRPLFVDQGVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWWKHRU\PHWKRGV DQGDSSOLFDWLRQV(GZDUG(OJDU&KHOWHQKDP8.
13. %LHVEURXFN.,QYROYLQJ%DJ\HOLLQVXVWDLQDEOHIRUHVWPDQDJHPHQW"3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDW WKH 6HPLQDU &RQWULEXWLRQ GHV VFLHQFHV VRFLDOHV j OpODERUDWLRQ GX 6FKpPD 'LUHFWHXU G$PpQDJHPHQW IRUHVWLHU GH OD ]RQH GH UHFKHUFKH GX 3URJUDPPH 7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ $SULO±0D\7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ %LHVEURXFN.%DJ\HOLIRUHVWPDQDJHPHQWLQFRQWH[W7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ5HSRUW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ %LHVEURXFN . &RPDQDJHPHQW RI UDLQ IRUHVWV LQ &DPHURRQ DQG WKH P\WK RI FRPPXQLWLHVDUHFRQVLGHUDWLRQEDVHGRQ%DJ\HOLWHQXUHRI17)3V,Q)DRKRP%-RQNHUV :%-1NZL316FKPLGW3DQG7FKDWDW0HGV6XVWDLQDEOHPDQDJHPHQWRI$IULFDQ UDLQIRUHVW3DUW,:RUNVKRSV7KH7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
14. %LHVEURXFN . DQG 'NDPHOD *3 7KH RLO SLSHOLQH SURMHFW LQ &DPHURRQ ZLWK RU ZLWKRXWORFDOSRSXODWLRQV")ULHQGVRIWKH(DUWK1HWKHUODQGV$PVWHUGDP7KH1HWKHUODQGV %LNLp+1GR\H2DQG6XQGHUOLQ:'&ULVHpFRQRPLTXHV\VWqPHGHSURGXFWLRQHW FKDQJHPHQW GX FRXYHUW IRUHVWLHU GDQV OD ]RQH IRUHVWLqUH KXPLGH GX &DPHURXQ $UWLFOH SUHVHQWHG DW WKH VHPLQDU /HV FDXVHV GHV FKDQJHPHQWV GX FRXYHUW IRUHVWLHU GDQV OD ]RQH IRUHVWLqUHKXPLGHGX&DPHURXQ&,)25<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ %LNLp+&ROORPE-&'MRPR /0LQQHPH\HU 6 1JRXIR 5 DQG 1JXLIIR 6 $Q RYHUYLHZRIORJJLQJLQ&DPHURRQ*OREDO)RUHVW:DWFK&DPHURRQ5HSRUW:RUOG5HVRXUFHV ,QVWLWXWH:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ %LVVHW5'HYLVLQJDQHIIHFWLYH(,$V\VWHPIRUDGHYHORSLQJFRXQWU\WKHFDVH RI WKH 7XUNV DQG &DLFRV ,VODQGV ,Q %LVZDV $. DQG $JDUZDOD 6%& HGV (QYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWIRUGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV%XWWHUZRUWK+HLQHPDQQ2[IRUG8. %LWRQGR'(QYLURQPHQWDODVVHVVPHQWLQ&DPHURRQVWDWHRIWKHDUW,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW DQG3URMHFW$SSUDLVDO %RRLMLQN 0 ³µ:LM ]LMQ KHW GLH LQ KHW ERV OHYHQ ¶ (HQ VWXGLH PHW EHKXOS YDQ GH SDUWLFLSDWLYH DQDO\VH HQ SODQQLQJEHQDGHULQJ QDDU GH SHUFHSWLH YDQ GH %DJ\HOLS\JPHHsQ YDQ GH WRHNRPVW YDQ KHW WURSLVFK UHJHQKRXZG LQ UHODWLH WRW GH FRPPHUFLsOH KRXWNDSLQGXVWULH´06F7KHVLV/HLGHQ8QLYHUVLW\/HLGHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
15. %ROWDQVNL/DQG7KpYHQRW//HVpFRQRPLHVGHODJUDQGHXU3UHVVHVXQLYHUVLWDLUHVGH DLUHV SURWpJpHV ODGDSWDWLRQ DX FRQWH[WH,8&16pULHVXUOHV3ROLWLTXHV6RFLDOHV*ODQG6ZLW]HUODQG
16. %RV-67$*(6$V\VWHPIRUJHQHUDWLQJVWUDWHJLFDOWHUQDWLYHVIRUIRUHVWPDQDJHPHQW 3K'7KHVLV:DJHQLQJHQ$JULFXOWXUDO8QLYHUVLW\:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV %RZHV 0' DQG .UXWLOOD -9 0XOWLSOHXVH PDQDJHPHQW WKH HFRQRPLFV RI SXEOLF IRUHVWODQGV5HVRXUFHVIRUWKH)XWXUH:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ YDQ GHQ %ULHO -6FKXWKRI 3 DQG 7RSSHU ( /DPpQDJHPHQW GXUDEOH GHV WHUURLUV YLOODJHRLVXQHFRQWULEXWLRQjODJHVWLRQGXUDEOHGHVUHVVRXUFHVQDWXUHOOHV8QHpWXGHGHFDV GXSURMHW5HERLVHPHQW5LYH'URLWH7pUD1LJHU 'RFXPHQWVVXUOD*HVWLRQGHV5HVVRXUFHV 7URSLFDOHV1R:DJHQLQJHQ$JULFXOWXUDO8QLYHUVLW\:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
17. %URZQ $/ (QYLURQPHQWDO ,PSDFW $VVHVVPHQW LQ D GHYHORSPHQW FRQWH[W (QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW5HYLHZ
18. %URZQ $/ DQG 7KpULYHO 5 3ULQFLSOHV WR JXLGH WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI VWUDWHJLF HQYLURQPHQWDO DVVHVVPHQW PHWKRGRORJ\ ,PSDFW $VVHVVPHQW DQG 3URMHFW $SSUDLVDO %URZQ ' 3ULQFLSOHV DQG SUDFWLFHV RI IRUHVW FRPDQDJHPHQW HYLGHQFH IURP :HVW FHQWUDO$IULFD(XURSHDQ8QLRQ7URSLFDO)RUHVWU\3DSHU2YHUVHDV'HYHORSPHQW,QVWLWXWH /RQGRQ8.
19. %URZQ.DQG(NRNR))RUHVWHQFRXQWHUVVHDUFKLQJIRUV\QHUJ\EHWZHHQDJHQWVRI IRUHVW FKDQJH LQ 6RXWKHUQ &DPHURRQ 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW WKH VHPLQDU /HV FDXVHV GHV FKDQJHPHQWV GX FRXYHUW IRUHVWLHU GDQV OD ]RQH IRUHVWLqUH KXPLGH GX &DPHURXQ &,)25 <DRXQGp&DPHURRQ %URZQ6DQG/XJR$7URSLFDOVHFRQGDU\IRUHVWV-RXUQDORI7URSLFDO(FRORJ\ %UXLMQ]HHO/$DQG&ULWFKOH\:56(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVRIORJJLQJPRLVWWURSLFDO IRUHVWV,+3+XPLG7URSLFV3URJUDPPH6HULHVQ81(6&23DULV)UDQFH
20. /DPpQDJHPHQWGHVIRUrWVWURSLFDOHV%RLVHW)RUrWVGHV7URSLTXHV &HUQHD03XWWLQJSHRSOHILUVWVRFLRORJLFDOYDULDEOHVLQUXUDOGHYHORSPHQW7HFKQLFDO 3DSHUQ:RUOG%DQN:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ &KDXGURQ $ 1RWH GH SUpVHQWDWLRQ GX VHFWHXU IRUHVWLHU FDPHURXQDLV ,QWHUQDO UHSRUW 0,1()<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ &ODUN0DQG+HULQJWRQ-HGV7KHUROHRIHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWLQWKH SODQQLQJSURFHVV0DQVHOO/RQGRQ8.
21. &OHDYHU.0XQDVLQJKH0'\VRQ0(JOL13HLNHU$ DQG:HQFpOLXV)HGV &RQVHUYDWLRQRI:HVWDQG&HQWUDO$IULFDUDLQIRUHVWV:RUOG%DQN(QYLURQPHQW3DSHUQ ,8&1 :RUOG%DQN:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ &ROFKHVWHU 0 6XVWDLQLQJ WKH IRUHVWV 7KH FRPPXQLW\EDVHG DSSURDFK LQ 6RXWK DQG 6RXWK(DVW $VLD ,Q *KDL ' HG 'HYHORSPHQW HQYLURQPHQW 6XVWDLQLQJ SHRSOH DQG QDWXUH%ODFNZHOO3XEOLVKHUV2[IRUG8.
22. &RSHW5RXJLHU('XFODQjODFKHIIHULHGDQVOHVWGX&DPHURXQ$IULFD &{Wp6 3ODQGH]RQDJHGX&DPHURXQIRUHVWLHUPpULGLRQQDO2EMHFWLIVPpWKRGRORJLH 0,1()$&',37,<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ &6,5 6WUDWHJLF HQYLURQPHQWDO DVVHVVPHQW LQ 6RXWK $IULFD *XLGHOLQH GRFXPHQW 'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQPHQWDO$IIDLUVDQG7RXULVP3UHWRULD6RXWK$IULFD 'DODO&OD\WRQ%DQG6DGOHU%6WUDWHJLFHQYLURQPHQWDODVVHVVPHQWDUDSLGO\HYROYLQJ DSSURDFK,,('(QYLURQPHQWDO3ODQQLQJ,VVXHVQ/RQGRQ8.
23. 'DOH$3DQG/DQH0%6WUDWHJLFSHUVSHFWLYHDQDO\VLVDSURFHGXUHIRUSDUWLFLSDWRU\ DQGSROLWLFDOVRFLDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQW6RFLHW\DQG1DWXUDO5HVRXUFHV
24. GH *DULQH , )RRG UHVRXUFHV DQG SUHIHUHQFHV LQ WKH &DPHURRQLDQ IRUHVW ,Q +ODGLN &0+ODGLN$3DJH]\+/LQDUHV2.RSSHUW*-$DQG)URPHQW$HGV7URSLFDO IRUHVWV SHRSOH DQG IRRG 0$% 6HULHV YROXPH 81(6&2 7KH 3DUWKHQRQ 3XEOLVKLQJ *URXS3DULV)UDQFH
25. GH*URRW56(QYLURQPHQWDOIXQFWLRQVDQGWKHHFRQRPLFYDOXHRIQDWXUDOHFRV\VWHPV ,Q -DQVVRQ $0 +DPPHU 0 )RONH & DQG &RVWDQ]D 5 HGV ,QYHVWLQJ LQ QDWXUDO FDSLWDO7KHHFRORJLFDOHFRQRPLFVDSSURDFKWRVXVWDLQDELOLW\,VODQG3UHVV:DVKLQJWRQ'& 86$ GH0RQWJROILHU-DQG1DWDOL-0/H3DWULPRLQHGXIXWXU$SSURFKHVSRXUXQHJHVWLRQ SDWULPRQLDOHGHVUHVVRXUFHVQDWXUHOOHV(FRQRPLFDFROOHFWLRQ(FRQRPLHDJULFROH DJUR DOLPHQWDLUHV3DULV)UDQFH
26. 'HODQH\ 0 %URZQ 6 /XJR $( 7RUUHV/H]DPD $ DQG %HOOR 4XLQWHUR 1 7KH GLVWULEXWLRQRI RUJDQLFFDUERQ LQ PDMRU FRPSRQHQWV RI IRUHVWV ORFDWHG LQ ILYH OLIH ]RQHV RI 9HQH]XHOD-RXUQDORI7URSLFDO(FRORJ\ 'LDE5'(OOHU\:17RROH\-0F.HQ]LH$DQG%DUQHV.7KHQRGHYHORSPHQW RSWLRQ YHUVXV WKH GHYHORSPHQW RSWLRQ LQ DQ XQGHUGHYHORSHG DUHD ,PSDFW $VVHVVPHQW DQG 3URMHFW$SSUDLVDO 'LDZ0&DQG2\RQR35'\QDPLTXHV HW UHSUpVHQWDWLRQV GHV HVSDFHVIRUHVWLHUV DX VXG&DPHURXQ$UEUHV)RUrWVHW&RPPXQDXWpV5XUDOHV
27. 'LD] 0 ,OOHUD -& DQG +HGR ' 6WUDWHJLF HQYLURQPHQWDO DVVHVVPHQW RI SODQV DQG SURJUDPVDPHWKRGRORJ\IRUHVWLPDWLQJHIIHFWVRQELRGLYHUVLW\(QYLURQPHQWDO0DQDJHPHQW YDQ'LMN-):D1RQWLPEHUIRUHVWSURGXFWVLQWKH%LSLQGL$NRP,,UHJLRQ&DPHURRQ $ VRFLRHFRQRPLF DQG HFRORJLFDO DVVHVVPHQW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 6HULHV 7URSHQERV &DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ YDQ 'LMN -): E $VVHVVPHQW RI QRQZRRG IRUHVW SURGXFWV UHVRXUFHV LQ YLHZ RI WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI VXVWDLQDEOH FRPPHUFLDO H[WUDFWLRQ ,QWHUQDO UHSRUW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ YDQ'LMN-):DQG:LHUVXP.)17)35HVRXUFHVDEXQGDQFHGLVWULEXWLRQDQIWKH LPSDFWRIWLPEHUH[SORLWDWLRQ,Q)DRKRP%-RQNHUV:%-1NZL316FKPLGW3DQG 7FKDWDW0HGV6XVWDLQDEOHPDQDJHPHQWRI$IULFDQUDLQIRUHVW3DUW,:RUNVKRS7KH 7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
28. 'RXQLDV ( /H SDUDGR[H GH OD URXWH HQ $IULTXH IRUHVWLqUH ,Q /D URXWH HQ IRUrW WURSLFDOH SRUWH RXYHUWH VXU ODYHQLU" &ROOHFWLI $3)7 :RUNLQJ SDSHU Q %UX[HOOHV %HOJLTXH 'ULMYHU&$3HRSOHVSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQHQYLURQPHQWDOSURMHFWVLQ GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV /DQGVFDSHDQG8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ
29. 'XHUU :$ 7HHJXDUGHQ '( &KULVWLDQVHQ 1% DQG *XWWHQEHUJ 6 HGV )RUHVW UHVRXUFHPDQDJHPHQW'HFLVLRQPDNLQJSULQFLSOHVDQGFDVHV:%6DXQGHUV3KLODGHOSKLD
30. $ 'XIXPLHU 0 /DEURXVVH 5 DQG /RVFK % /HV SODQWDWLRQV GHV ]RQHV WURSLFDOHV KXPLGHVFDUDFWpULVWLTXHVHWSHUVSHFWLYHV3ODQWDWLRQV5HFKHUFKH'pYHORSSHPHQW 'XJXPD%*RFNRZVNL-DQG%DNDOD-6PDOOKROGHUFDFDRFXOWLYDWLRQLQDJURIRUHVWU\ V\VWHPVRI:HVWDQV&HQWUDO$IULFDFKDOOHQJHVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHV$JURIRUHVWU\6\VWHPV (EDD$W\L57523)206D GHFLVLRQ VXSSRUW PRGHO IRU VXVWDLQDEOH PDQDJHPHQW RI 6RXWK&DPHURRQV UDLQ IRUHVW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 6HULHV 7KH 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ (EDD$W\L5&DPHURRQVORJJLQJLQGXVWU\VWUXFWXUHHFRQRPLFLPSRUWDQFHDQGHIIHFWV RIGHYDOXDWLRQ&,)252FFDVLRQDO3DSHUQ&,)25%RJRU,QGRQHVLD (ED ¶D $W\L 5 /D FHUWLILFDWLRQ GHV IRUrWV OH FDV GX &DPHURXQ %RLV HW )RUrWV GHV 7URSLTXHV
31. NRNR ) %DODQFLQJ SROLWLFV HFRQRPLFV DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ WKH FDVH RI WKH &DPHURRQ IRUHVWU\ODZUHIRUP'HYHORSPHQWDQG&KDQJH (PHULW $ &RQGLWLRQV HW PR\HQV GXQH JHVWLRQ GXUDEOH GHV UHVVRXUFHV IRUHVWLqUHV DX &DPHURXQ,QWpUrWGHODXGLWSDWULPRQLDOGDQVODSUpSDUDWLRQjODQpJRFLDWLRQGXVFKpPD GLUHFWHXUGXQPDVVLIIRUHVWLHUGX6XG&DPHURXQ06FWKHVLV,1$3*3DULV)UDQFH (VVLDQH0HQGRXOD(D,PSDFWVGHO ¶H[SORLWDWLRQIRUHVWLqUHGDQVOHVYLOODJHVGHOD]RQH 37& XQH DQDO\VH D SRVWHULRUL 5DSSRUW LQWHUQH (FRQ 3URMHFW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ (VVLDQH0HQGRXOD(E(YDOXDWLRQGHODQHJRWLDWLRQSOXULSDUWLWH7URSHQERV7DP7DP (VVLDQH0HQGRXOD('pOLPLWDWLRQGHVWHUURLUVXWLOLWpHWOLPLWHV7URSHQERV7DP7DP (VVLDQH0HQGRXOD ( DQG /HVFX\HU * /HV WHUPHV GH ODPpQDJHPHQW IRUHVWLHU DX &DPHURXQ 3RSXODUL]LQJ UHSRUW (FRQ 3URMHFW7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 3URJUDPPH .ULEL &DPHURRQ (YH($UJXHOOHV)$DQG)HDUQVLGH30+RZZHOOGRHV%UD]LOVHQYLURQPHQWDOODZ ZRUN LQ SUDFWLFH" (QYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW DQG WKH FDVH RI WKH ,WDSLUDQJD SULYDWH VXVWDLQDEOHORJJLQJSODQ(QYLURQPHQWDO0DQDJHPHQW (\RJ 0DWLJ 2 6FKPLGW 3 DQG )RDKDP % HGV (ODERUDWLRQ GX SODQ GDPpQDJHPHQWGXVLWHGX3URJUDPPH7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ5HSRUWV .ULEL&DPHURRQ
32. $2 7KH FKDOOHQJH RI VXVWDLQDEOH IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW :KDW IXWXUH IRU WKH ZRUOGV IRUHVWV")$25RPH,WDO\
33. $2/DERvWHjRXWLOVGHODFRPPXQDXWp'LDJQRVWLFVXLYLHWpYDOXDWLRQSDUWLFLSDWLIVHQ IRUHVWHULHFRPPXQDXWDLUHFRQFHSWVPpWKRGHVHWRXWLOV)RUHVWHULHFRPPXQDXWDLUH0DQXHO GHWHUUDLQQ)$2 &$5(5RPH,WDO\
34. $23OXUDOLVPDQGVXVWDLQDEOHIRUHVWU\DQGUXUDOGHYHORSPHQW)$25RPH,WDO\
35. /HV SRWHQWLDOLWpV GH OH[SORLWDWLRQ GXUDEOH HW GH OpOHYDJH GX JLELHU HQ ]RQH IRUHVWLqUH WURSLFDOH ,Q +ODGLN &0 +ODGLN $ 3DJH]\ + /LQDUHV 2 .RSSHUW *-$ DQG )URPHQW $ HGV /DOLPHQWDWLRQ HQ IRUrW WURSLFDOH ,QWHUDFWLRQV ELRFXOWXUHOOHV HW SHUVSHFWLYHV GH GpYHORSSHPHQW 9ROXPH ,, %DVHV FXOWXUHOOHV GHV FKRL[ DOLPHQWDLUHV HW VWUDWpJLHVGHGpYHORSSHPHQW81(6&23DULV)UDQFH
36. LQHV-3/HVFX\HU*DQG7FKDWDW0D0DVWHUPDQDJHPHQWSODQIRUWKH7URSHQERV &DPHURRQ UHVHDUFK VLWH 3UHPHGLDWLRQ YHUVLRQ 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 'RFXPHQWV 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ
37. LQHV -3 1JLEDRW ) DQG 1JRQR * E $ FRQFHSWXDO IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW SODQ IRU D PHGLXPVL]HIRUHVWLQ6RXWKHUQ&DPHURRQ7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ'RFXPHQWV7URSHQERV &DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ
38. RDKRP%DQG-RQNHUV:%-$SURJUDPHHIRU7URSHQERVUHVHDUFKLQ&DPHURRQ7KH 7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
39. YDQ*HPHUGHQ%6DQG+D]HX*:/DQGVFDSHHFRORJLFDOVXUYH\RIWKH %LSLQGL$NRP,,/RORGRUIUHJLRQ6RXWK&DPHURRQ7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ'RFXPHQWV7KH 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ
40. *HUPDQ %XQGHVWDJ 3URWHFWLQJ WKH WURSLFDO IRUHVWV D KLJKSULRULW\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO WDVN 'HXWVFKHU%XQGHVWDJ%RQQ*HUPDQ\ *HVFKLHUH3&KLHIVDQGFRORQLDOUXOHLQ&DPHURRQLQYHQWLQJFKLHIWDLQF\)UHQFKDQG %ULWLVKVW\OH$IULFD
41. *LOEHUW 5 6WHYHQVRQ ' *LUDUGHW + DQG 6WUHQ 5 0DNLQJ FLWLHV ZRUN (DUWKVFDQ SXEOLFDWLRQ/RQGRQ8.
42. *LOSLQ $ (QYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW &XWWLQJ WKH HGJH IRU WKH WZHQW\ILUVW FHQWXU\&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV&DPEULGJH8.
43. *LWWLQJHU -3 (FRQRPLF DQDO\VLV RI DJULFXOWXUDO SURMHFWV :RUOG %DQN -RKQV +RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV%DOWLPRUH86$
44. *ODVVRQ -7KHULYHO 5 DQG &KDGZLFN $ ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW8QLYHUVLW\&ROOHJH/RQGRQ3UHVV/RQGRQ8.
45. *RGDUG 2 DQG /DXUDQV < (QYLURQPHQWDO YDOXDWLRQ DV VRFLDO FRRUGLQDWLRQ GHYLFHV ZLWKLQFRQWURYHUVLDOFRQWH[WV3DSHUSUHVHQWHGIRUWKH(XURSHDQ3URMHFW6RFLDO3URFHVVHVIRU (QYLURQPHQWDO9DOXDWLRQ$SULO/DQFDVWHU8.
46. *UHJHUVHQ+$UQROG-(0/XQGJUHQ$&RQWUHUDV$GH0RQWDOHPEHUW05DQG*RZ ' $VVHVVLQJ IRUHVWU\ SURMHFW LPSDFWV LVVXHV DQG VWUDWHJLHV )$2 )RUHVWU\ 3DSHU 5RPH,WDO\
47. *XLOODXPH + /(WDW VDXYDJH 3\JPpHV HW IRUrWV G$IULTXH FHQWUDOH 3ROLWLTXH DIULFDLQH +DQOH\1DQG6SDVK&/&RVWEHQHILWDQDO\VLVDQGWKHHQYLURQPHQW(GZDUG(OJDU &KHOWHQKDP8. +DQOH\ 1 6KRJUHQ -) DQG :KLWH % (QYLURQPHQWDO HFRQRPLFV LQ WKHRU\ DQG SUDFWLFH0DF0LOODQ/RQGRQ8.
48. +DQQD66)RONH&DQG0lOHU.*5LJKWVWRQDWXUH(FRORJLFDOHFRQRPLFVFXOWXUDO DQGSROLWLFDOSULQFLSOHVRILQVWLWXWLRQVIRU WKH HQYLURQPHQW ,VODQG 3UHVV :DVKLQJWRQ '& 86$ +D]HX *+ YDQ *HPHUGHQ %6 +RPPHO 3:)
49. DQG YDQ .HNHP $- %LRSK\VLFDOVXLWDELOLW\FODVVLILFDWLRQRI IRUHVW ODQGLQ WKH %LSLQGL$NRP ,,/RORGRUI UHJLRQ 6RXWK &DPHURRQ 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 'RFXPHQWV 7KH 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ +HLQRQHQ3%DODQFLQJIRUHVWXVHVDWUHJLRQDOOHYHOWKHFDVHRIVWDWHIRUHVWVLQ:HVWHUQ )LQODQG,Q6ROEHUJ%DQG0LLQD6HGV&RQIOLFW0DQDJHPHQWDQG3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ/DQG0DQDJHPHQW(),3URFHHGLQJV1R(XURSHDQ)RUHVW,QVWLWXWH-RHQVXX)LQODQG +ODGLN &0 /H JLELHU GLVSRQLEOH GDQV OD IRUrW GHQVH QDWXUHOOH HW OHV SRVVLELOLWpV GDXJPHQWHU VD ELRPDVVH SDU XQH VWUDWpJLH DJURIRUHVWLqUH ,Q $JURIRUHVWHULH HQ ]RQHV IRUHVWLqUHVKXPLGHVG$IULTXH81(6&25DSSRUWGXVpPLQDLUHVRXVUp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
50. -DFRE\+*$FFHVVWRPDUNHWDQGWKHEHQHILWVRIUXUDOURDGV7KH(FRQRPLF-RXUQDO -HQVHQ.HG(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVHPHQWXVLQJWKHUDSLGLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQW PDWUL[2OVHQDQG2OVHQ)UHGHQVERUJ'HQPDUN -RKDQVRQ 32 DQG /|IJUHQ .* 7KH HFRQRPLFV RI IRUHVWU\ DQG QDWXUDO UHVRXUFHV %DVLO%ODFNZHOO/WG2[IRUG8.
51. -RKQV $' 6SHFLHV FRQVHUYDWLRQ LQ PDQDJHG WURSLFDO IRUHVWV ,Q :KLWPRUH 7& DQG 6D\HU-$HGV7URSLFDOGHIRUHVWDWLRQDQGVSHFLHVH[WLQFWLRQ&KDSPDQ +DOO/RQGRQ
52. -RLULV '9 ,PSRUWDQFH GHV WHUURLUV FRXWXPLHUV SRXU OD FRQVHUYDWLRQ UpIOH[LRQV j SDUWLU GX SURJUDPPH (&2)$& DX &DPHURXQ DX *DERQ DX &RQJR HW HQ 5pSXEOLTXH FHQWUDIULFDLQH 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW WKH 3DQDIULFDQ 6\PSRVLXP *HVWLRQ FRPPXQDXWDLUH GHV UHVVRXUFHVQDWXUHOOHVHWOHGpYHORSSHPHQWGXUDEOH+DUDUH-XQH+DUDUH=LPEDEZH -RQNHUV :%-HG /RJJLQJ GDPDJH DQG HIILFLHQF\ D VWXG\ RQ WKH IHDVLELOLW\ RI UHGXFHGLPSDFWORJJLQJLQ&DPHURRQ7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ5HSRUWV.ULEL&DPHURRQ -RQNHUV:%-)DRKRP%DQG6FKPLGW3HGV6XVWDLQDEOHPDQDJHPHQWRI
53. $IULFDQ UDLQIRUHVW3DUW,,6\PSRVLXP7KH7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV -RQNHUV:%-DQGYDQ/HHUVXP*-5/RJJLQJLQVRXWK&DPHURRQFXUUHQWPHWKRGV DQGRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRULPSURYHPHQW,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RUHVWU\5HYLHZ
54. DQJDV-$QDSSURDFKWRSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQVWUDWHJLFIRUHVWPDQDJHPHQWSODQQLQJ )RUHVW(FRORJ\DQG0DQDJHPHQW .DUVHQW\$6\QWKqVHGHVSULQFLSDOHVFRQFOXVLRQVGHODXGLWpFRQRPLTXHHWILQDQFLHUGX VHFWHXUIRUHVWLHUDX&DPHURXQ%RLVHW)RUrWVGHV7URSLTXHV
55. DUVHQW\$9HUVODILQGHO(WDWIRUHVWLHU"$SSURSULDWLRQGHVHVSDFHVHWSDUWDJHGHOD UHQWHIRUHVWLqUHDX&DPHURXQ3ROLWLTXH$IULFDLQH .DUVHQW\ $ $QWRQD 0DQG /HVFX\HU * /D UHFKHUFKH GH FULWqUHV HW LQGLFDWHXUV GH JHVWLRQGXUDEOHGHVIRUrWVWURSLFDOHVRXOHVOLPLWHVG ¶XQHDSSURFKHQRUPDWLYHGHODJHVWLRQGH O ¶HQYLURQQHPHQW,Q%DELQ'HG'HODGpIRUHVWDWLRQDX[G\QDPLTXHVIRUHVWLqUHV0$% 6HULHV81(6&23DULV)UDQFHWREHSXEOLVKHG .HQQHG\ :9 (QYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW DQG ELODWHUDO GHYHORSPHQW DLG ,Q :DWKHUQ3HG(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQW7KHRU\DQGSUDFWLFH8QZLQ+\PDQ /RQGRQ8. .HVVOHU--DQGYDQ'RUS06WUXFWXUDODGMXVWPHQWDQGWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHQHHGIRU DQDQDO\WLFDOPHWKRGRORJ\(FRORJLFDO(FRQRPLFV .HVVOHU --DQG :LHUVXP .
56. RUHVW SROLF\ GHYHORSPHQW LQ WKH 6DKHO FRQWH[WV SURFHVVHV FRQWHQWV DQG LPSDFW:DJHQLQJHQ $JULFXOWXUDO 8QLYHUVLW\ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV DQG 8QLYHUVLWp GH 2XDJDGRXJRX %XUNLQD )DVR 3URJUDPPH GH 5HFKHUFKH $PpQDJHPHQW HW *HVWLRQGHO ¶(VSDFH6\OYRSDVWRUDODX6DKHO'RFXPHQWGXSURMHW1R
57. LVV $ HG /LYLQJ ZLWK ZLOGOLIH :LOG OLIH UHVRXUFH PDQDJHPHQW ZLWK ORFDO SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ $IULFD :RUOG %DQN 7HFKQLFDO 3DSHU Q $IULFD 'HSDUWPHQW 6HULHV:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ .ODDVHQ*$-DQG2SVFKRRU-%(FRQRPLFVRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\RUWKHVXVWDLQDELOLW\RI HFRQRPLFV(FRORJLFDO(FRQRPLFV .RWWR6DPH-:RRPHU3/0RXNDP$DQG=DSIDFN/&DUERQG\QDPLFVLQVODVK DQGEXUQ DJULFXOWXUH DQG ODQG XVH DOWHUQDWLYHV RI WKH KXPLG IRUHVW ]RQH LQ &DPHURRQ $JULFXOWXUH(FRV\VWHPVDQG(QYLURQPHQW /DEXUWKH7ROUD3/HVVHLJQHXUVGHODIRUrW3XEOLFDWLRQVGHOD6RUERQQH3DULV)UDQFH /DKP6
58. $8WLOL]DWLRQRIIRUHVWUHVRXUFHVDQGORFDOYDULDWLRQRIZLOGOLIHSRSXODWLRQVLQ QRUWKHDVWHUQ*DERQ,Q+ODGLN&0+ODGLN $ 3DJH]\ + /LQDUHV 2.RSSHUW *-$ DQG )URPHQW $ HGV 7URSLFDO IRUHVWV SHRSOH DQG IRRG0$% 6HULHV YROXPH 81(6&23DULV)UDQFH /DPPHUWV YDQ %XHUHQ (0 DQG %ORP (0 +LHUDUFKLFDO IUDPHZRUN IRU WKH IRUPXODWLRQ RI VXVWDLQDEOH IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW VWDQGDUGV 7URSHQERV )RXQGDWLRQ :DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
59. /DZWRQ-+%LJQHOO'(%ROWRQ%%ORHPHUV*)(JJOHWRQ3+DPPRQG30+RGGD 0+ROW5'/DUVHQ7%0DZGVOH\1$6WRUN1(6ULYDVWDYD'6DQG:DWW$' %LRGLYHUVLW\LQYHQWRULHVLQGLFDWRUWD[DDQGHIIHFWVRIKDELWDWPRGLILFDWLRQLQWURSLFDO IRUHVW1DWXUH
60. /HDNH\ 55% :LQ:LQ ODQGXVH VWUDWHJLHV IRU $IULFD &DSWXULQJ HFRQRPLF DQG HQYLURQPHQWDOEHQHILWVZLWKPXOWLVWUDWDDJURIRUHVWV,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RUHVWU\5HYLHZ
61. /HVFX\HU * 7URSHQERV H[SHULHQFH ZLWK DGDSWLYH PDQDJHPHQW LQ &DPHURRQ ,Q 'HFLVLRQPDNLQJ LQ 1DWXUDO 5HVRXUFHV 0DQDJHPHQW ZLWK D )RFXV RQ $GDSWLYH 0DQDJHPHQW,8&168,7HFKQLFDO6HULHV9ROXPH,,,:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ /HVFX\HU*D(YDOXDWLRQpFRQRPLTXHHWJHVWLRQYLDEOHGHODIRUrWWURSLFDOH5pIOH[LRQ VXU XQ PRGH GHFRRUGLQDWLRQ GHV XVDJHV GXQH IRUrW GH OHVW&DPHURXQ 3K' WKHVLV (FROH GHV+DXWHV(WXGHVHQ6FLHQFHV6RFLDOHV3DULV)UDQFH
62. /HVFX\HU*E1pJRFLDWLRQVXUODPpQDJHPHQWGHODIRUrWXQUpVXPp 7URSHQERV 7DP 7DP /HVFX\HU*(PHULW$(VVLDQH0HQGRXOD( 6HK--D &RPPXQLW\ LQYROYHPHQW LQ IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW $ IXOOVFDOH H[SHULPHQW LQ WKH 6RXWK &DPHURRQ IRUHVW 5XUDO 'HYHORSPHQW)RUHVWU\1HWZRUNQ&2YHUVHDV'HYHORSPHQW,QVWLWXWH/RQGRQ8.
63. /HVFX\HU * )LQHV -3 DQG 5HXWHOLQJVSHUJHU ( E $Q LQWHJUDWHG DSSURDFK WRZDUGV SDUWLFLSDWRU\IRUHVWPDQDJHPHQW$SURSRVDOIRUWKH7&3VLWH,Q-RQNHUV:%-)DRKRP
64. % DQG 6FKPLGW 3 HGV 6XVWDLQDEOH 0DQDJHPHQW RI $IULFDQ 5DLQ )RUHVW 3DUW ,, 6\PSRVLXP7KH7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
65. /HVFX\HU * DQG (PHULW $ /DPpQDJHPHQW GH ODIRUrWDX VHUYLFHGX GpYHORSSHPHQW ORFDO"'LIILFXOWpVHWYRLHVGHFRRUGLQDWLRQHQWUHLQWpUrWVORFDX[HWSROLWLTXHQDWLRQDOHDXVXG &DPHURXQ$UWLFOHVXEPLWWHGWR3ROLWLTXH$IULFDLQH /HVFX\HU*DQG(VVLDQH0HQGRXOD(/DYDULDEOHKXPDLQHGDQVODJHVWLRQGHODIRUrW WURSLFDOH,QWpUrWHWUpVXOWDWGHVHQTXrWHVVRFLRpFRQRPLTXHVSRXUODPpQDJHPHQWGHOD]RQH GH UHFKHUFKH 7URSHQERV ,Q )DRKRP % -RQNHUV :%-1NZL 31 6FKPLGW 3 DQG 7FKDWDW 0 HGV 6XVWDLQDEOH 0DQDJHPHQW RI $IULFDQ 5DLQ )RUHVW 3DUW , :RUNVKRS HGV7KH7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
66. /HVFX\HU*)LQHV-3DQG)RXGD0RXOHQGH7(QTXrWHVVRFLRpFRQRPLTXHV± ]RQHGHUHFKHUFKH37&SURMHW(FRQ3URJUDPPH7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ.ULEL&DPHURXQ ,QWHUQDOGRFXPHQW7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ /HWRX]H\5(WXGHSK\WRJpJUDSKLTXHGX&DPHURXQ(GLWLRQV3DXO/HFKHYDOLHU3DULV
67. $ PXOWLREMHFWLYH DQG PXOWLGHVLJQ HYDOXDWLRQ SURFHGXUH IRU HQYLURQPHQWDO SURWHFWLRQ IRUHVWU\ (QYLURQPHQWDO DQG 5HVRXUFHV (FRQRPLFV /RFDWHOOL % )RUrWV WURSLFDOHV HW F\FOH GX FDUERQH &,5$' FROOHFWLRQ 5HSqUHV 0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
68. +) .DUVHQW\ $ 'XEXV 3 DQG -HDQMHDQ + (WXGH GHV PRGDOLWpV GH[SORLWDWLRQ GX ERLV HQ OLDLVRQ DYHF XQH JHVWLRQ GXUDEOH GHV IRUrWV WURSLFDOHV KXPLGHV )LQDO UHSRUW &RPPLVVLRQ GHV &RPPXQDXWpV (XURSpHQQHV '* ;, 1RJHQWVXU0DUQH )UDQFH 0DUWLQ :( :LVH %HQGHU + DQG 6KLHOGV '-6WDNHKROGHU REMHFWLYHV IRU SXEOLF ODQGV UDQNLQJ RI IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW DOWHUQDWLYHV -RXUQDO RI (QYLURQPHQWDO 0DQDJHPHQW 0F'DQLHOV 7/ 6WUXFWXULQJ DOWHUQDWLYHV IRU IRUHVW ODQG PDQDJHPHQW SODQQLQJ ,Q HYDOXDWLRQ PHWKRGRORJ\ DQG GDWD VRXUFHV IRU VRFLDO DQG HFRQRPLF LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW RI IRUHVW ODQG PDQDJHPHQW RSWLRQV EDFNJURXQG UHSRUWV )5'$ 5HSRUW 3DFLILF )RUHVWU\ &HQWUH9LFWRULD&DQDGD
69. 0F'RQDOG0:KDWVWKHGLIIHUHQFHDFRPSDULVRQRI($LQLQGXVWULDODQGGHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV ,Q *RRGODQG 5 DQG (GPXQGVRQ 9 HGV (QYLURQPHQWDO DVVHVVHPQW DQG GHYHORSPHQW7KH:RUOG%DQN:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ 0F1HHO\ -$ 0LOOHU .5 5HLG :9 0LWWHUPHLHU 5$ DQG :HUQHU 7% &RQVHUYLQJ WKH ZRUOGV ELRORJLFDO GLYHUVLW\ :RUOG %DQN ,8&1 ::)86 :5, :DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ 0HGMR )5 3ODQ GH ]RQDJH GX VLWH GX 3URJUDPPH 7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ ,Q (\RJ 0DWLJ26FKPLGW3DQG)RDKDP%HGV(ODERUDWLRQGX3ODQG$PpQDJHPHQWGX6LWH GX3URJUDPPH7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ5HSRUWV.ULEL&DPHURRQ
70. 0HUHGLWK 7& (QYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW FXOWXUDO GLYHUVLW\ DQG VXVWDLQDEOH UXUDOGHYHORSPHQW(QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW5HYLHZ
71. 0LPELPL (VRQR 3 3RSXODWLRQ HW IRUrWV FRPPHQW FRQFLOLHU OHV LQWpUrWV GHV SDUWLHV SUHQDQWHV SDU XQH JHVWLRQ DOWHUQDWLYH GHV FRQIOLWV OLpV j OH[SORLWDWLRQ GHV UHVVRXUFHV IRUHVWLqUHV3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDWWKH)RUDIUL6HPLQDU/DJHVWLRQGHVIRUrWVGHQVHVDIULFDLQHV DXMRXUGKXL2FWREHU/LEUHYLOOH*DERQ 0,1()D1RUPHVGLQWHUYHQWLRQHQPLOLHXIRUHVWLHU0LQLVWqUHGHO(QYLURQQHPHQWHWGHV )RUrWV'LUHFWLRQGHV)RUrWV<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ
72. E *XLGH GpODERUDWLRQ GHV SODQV GDPpQDJHPHQW GHV IRUrWV GH SURGXFWLRQ GX 'RPDLQH )RUHVWLHU 3HUPDQHQW GH OD 5pSXEOLTXH GX &DPHURXQ 0LQLVWqUH GH O(QYLURQQHPHQWHWGHV)RUrWV'LUHFWLRQGHV)RUrWV<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ
73. 1() F 0DQXHO GHV SURFpGXUHV GDWWULEXWLRQ HW GHV QRUPHV GH JHVWLRQ GHV IRUrWV FRPPXQDXWDLUHV(GLWLRQV&/(<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ 0,1() 3URFpGXUHV GpODERUDWLRQ GDSSUREDWLRQ GH VXLYL HW GH FRQWU{OH GHV SODQV GDPpQDJHPHQW GHV IRUrWV GH SURGXFWLRQ GX GRPDLQH IRUHVWLHU SHUPDQHQW GX &DPHURXQ 0LQLVWqUHGHO(QYLURQQHPHQWHWGHV)RUrWV'LUHFWLRQGHV)RUrWV<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ 0RKDPHG 0 DQG 9HQWXUD 6-8VH RI JHRPDWLFV IRU PDSSLQJ DQG GRFXPHQWLQJ LQGLJHQRXVWHQXUHV\VWHPV6RFLHW\ 1DWXUDO5HVRXUFHV
74. 0RQWHQ\ % DQG &DVHQDYH $ 7KH IRUHVW FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH K\GURORJLFDO EXGJHW LQ 7URSLFDO:HVW$IULFD$QQDOHV*HRSK\VLFDH 0RXQH 3 7HUURLUV YLOODJHRLV HW HVSDFHV GDFWLYLWpV 5pIOH[LRQ VXU XQH HQWLWp JpRJUDSKLTXHSRXUODPpQDJHPHQWIRUHVWLHU&DVGHVYLOODJHV(ELPLPEDQJHW.DODWH$EDD 6XG&DPHURXQ06FWKHVLV8QLYHUVLW\RI'VFKDQJ)$6$'VFKDQJ&DPHURRQ 0XFKDDO3.DQG1JDQGMXL*,PSDFWRIYLOODJHKXQWLQJRQZLOGOLIHSRSXODWLRQVLQWKH :HVWHUQ'MD5HVHUYH&DPHURRQ&RQVHUYDWLRQ%LRORJ\
75. 0XQQ5(HG(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWSULQFLSOHVDQGSURFHGXUHV5HSRUW ,&686&23(7RURQWR&DQDGD
76. 0XUSK\'/7KHXVHRI*,6DVDWRROLQIRUHVWU\ 5HYXH )RUHVWLqUH )UDQoDLVH +RUV 6pULHQ 1HZFRPE . DQG )HLQVWHLQ &GLUHF *UHHQKRXVH JDV DEDWHPHQW LQYHVWPHQW SURMHFW PRQLWRULQJ HYDOXDWLRQ JXLGHOLQHV :RUOG %DQN (QYLURQPHQW 'HSDUWPHQW *OREDO (QYLURQPHQW&RRUGLQDWLRQ'LYLVLRQ:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ 1JDQGMXL * ,QYHQWDLUH HW XWLOLVDWLRQ GXUDEOH GH OD IDXQH PDPPDOLHQQH HQ PLOLHX IRUHVWLHU pTXDWRULDO FDV GX VHFWHXU RXHVW GH OD UpVHUYH GH OD ELRVSKqUH GX 'MD VXG &DPHURXQ3K'WKHVLV8QLYHUVLWp3DXO9DOpU\0RQWSHOOLHU,,,0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH 1JR0ERXD+$&RQIOLWVOLpVjOXWLOLVDWLRQGHVWHUUHVGDQVODUpJLRQGH%LSLQGLOHFDV GH /DPEL 6XG&DPHURXQ 06F WKHVLV 8QLYHUVLWp GH <DRXQGp , 3URJUDPPH 7URSHQERV &DPHURRQ.ULEL&DPHURRQ 1JXLQJXLUL-&/HVDSSURFKHVSDUWLFLSDWLYHVGDQVODJHVWLRQGHVpFRV\VWqPHVIRUHVWLHUV G$IULTXHFHQWUDOH&,)252FFDVLRQDO3DSHU-DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD
77. 1LVNDQHQ $ 9DOXH RI H[WHUQDO HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFWV RI UHIRUHVWDWLRQ LQ 7KDLODQG (FRORJLFDO(FRQRPLFV 1NRXPEHOH ) &RQQDLVVDQFHV ORFDOHV HW PXWDWLRQV VRFLRpFRQRPLTXHV SHUFHSWLRQ HW H[SORLWDWLRQ GHV UHVVRXUFHV IRUHVWLqUHV SDU OHV %DJ\HOL GH OD UpJLRQ G$NRP ,, 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW WKH 6HPLQDU &RQWULEXWLRQ GHV VFLHQFHV VRFLDOHV j OpODERUDWLRQ GX 6FKpPD 'LUHFWHXU G$PpQDJHPHQW IRUHVWLHU GH OD ]RQH GH UHFKHUFKH GX 3URJUDPPH 7URSHQERV &DPHURXQ7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ YDQ1RRUGZLMN0&HUUL&:RRPHU3/1XJURKR.DQG%HUQRX[06RLOFDUERQ LQWKHKXPLGIRUHVW]RQH*HRGHUPD 1RXQDPR / DQG <HPHIDFN 0 6KLIWLQJ FXOWLYDWLRQ LQ WKH HYHUJUHHQ IRUHVW RI &DPHURRQ IDUPLQJ V\VWHPV DQG VRLO GHJUDGDWLRQ 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 5HSRUW 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ3URJUDPPH.ULEL&DPHURRQ
78. 2OODJQRQ + 6WUDWpJLH SDWULPRQLDOH SRXU OD JHVWLRQ GHV UHVVRXUFHV HW GHV PLOLHX[ QDWXUHOV3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHZRUNVKRS*pUHUODQDWXUH"3DULV-DQXDU\ 2ORNHVXVL)/HJDODQGLQVWLWXWLRQDOIUDPHZRUNRIHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWLQ 1LJHULDDQLQLWLDODVVHVVPHQW(QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW5HYLHZ
79. $'() 'LUHFWLYHV QDWLRQDOHV SRXU ODPpQDJHPHQW GHV IRUrWV QDWXUHOOHV GX &DPHURXQ21$'() ,772<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ
80. 2VWURP ( ,QVWLWXWLRQDO DUUDQJHPHQWV IRU UHVROYLQJ WKH FRPPRQV GLOHPPD 6RPH FRQWHQGLQJ DSSURDFKHV ,Q 0F.D\ %-DQG $FKHVRQ -0 HGV 7KH TXHVWLRQ RI WKH FRPPRQV 7KH FXOWXUH DQG HFRORJ\ RI FRPPXQDO UHVRXUFHV 7KH 8QLY RI $UL]RQD 3UHVV 7XFVRQ86$ 2VWURP ( &RQVWLWXWLQJ VRFLDO FDSLWDO DQG FROOHFWLYH DFWLRQ ,Q .HRKDQH 52 DQG 2VWURP(HGV/RFDOFRPPRQVDQGJOREDOLQWHUGHSHQGHQFH6DJH3XEOLFDWLRQV/RQGRQ
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
82. YDQ3HOW0-)6XVWDLQDELOLW\RULHQWHGSURMHFWDSSUDLVDOIRUGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV3K' 7KHVLV8QLYHUVLW\RI:DJHQLQJHQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
83. 3LHUURQ & (WXGHV GHV V\VWqPHV DJURIRUHVWLHUV WUDGLWLRQQHOV HW SRWHQWLDOLWpV GH GpYHORSSHPHQW &DV GH WURLV YLOODJHV GDQV OD UpJLRQ GH %LSLQGL/RORGRUI 6XG&DPHURXQ 06FWKHVLV,6$5$/\RQ)UDQFH
84. 3RNDP-DQG6XQGHUOLQ:'/LPSDFWGHODFULVHpFRQRPLTXHVXUOHVSRSXODWLRQVOHV PLJUDWLRQVHWOHFRXYHUWIRUHVWLHUGXVXG&DPHURXQ3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDWWKH&,)25VHPLQDU
85. /HV FDXVHV GHV FKDQJHPHQWV GX FRXYHUW IRUHVWLHU GDQV OD ]RQH IRUHVWLqUH KXPLGH GX &DPHURXQ<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ 3RXOLQ 7KpULDXOW 6FKpPD 'LUHFWHXU GDPpQDJHPHQW SRO\YDOHQW GX PDVVLI IRUHVWLHU GH /RNRXQGMH1\RQJ 3URMHW $SSXL ,QVWLWXWLRQQHO )RUHVWLHU SKDVH WUDQVLWRLUH 0,1() <DRXQGH&DPHURRQ
86. GX /RNRXQGMH1\RQJ
87. $&', 0,1()<DRXQGH&DPHURRQ 3UDEKX5&ROIHU&-3DQG9HQNDWHVZDUOX37HVWLQJFULWHULDDQGLQGLFDWRUVIRUWKH VXVWDLQDEOH PDQDJHPHQW RI IRUHVWV 3KDVH ILQDO UHSRUW &,)25 VSHFLDO SXEOLFDWLRQ %RJRU,QGRQHVLD
88. 5HGIRUG .+ 5RELQVRQ -* )LPEHO 5 DQG %ODWH *0 %LRGLYHUVLW\ FRQVHUYDWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WURSLFDO IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW :RUOG %DQN (QYLURQPHQW 'HSDUWPHQW3DSHUQ:DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ 5DX -* 6XPPDUL]DWLRQ RI HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW ,Q 5DX -* DQG :RRWHQ '* HGV(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDQDO\VLVKDQGERRN0F*UDZ+LOO1HZ<RUN86$ 5HSXEOLFRI&DPHURRQ/RLQGXMDQYLHUSRUWDQWUpJLPHGHVIRUrWVGHOD IDXQHHWGHODSrFKH-RXUQDO2IILFLHO<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ
89. RI &DPHURRQ 'pFUHW Q GX DRW IL[DQW OHV PRGDOLWpV GDSSOLFDWLRQGXUpJLPHGHVIRUrWV-RXUQDO2IILFLHO<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ 5HSXEOLFRI&DPHURRQ'pFUHWQ30GXGpFHPEUHLQVWLWXDQWXQFDGUH LQGLFDWLI GXWLOLVDWLRQ GHV WHUUHV HQ ]RQH IRUHVWLqUH PpULGLRQDOH -RXUQDO 2IILFLHO <DRXQGp &DPHURRQ 5HSXEOLF RI &DPHURRQ /RL FDGUH Q GX DRW UHODWLYH j OD JHVWLRQ GH O(QYLURQQHPHQW-RXUQDO2IILFLHO<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ
90. & DQG 5KHPDQ 7 1DWXUDO UHVRXUFH PDQDJHPHQW DQG WKH XVH RI PXOWLSOH FULWHULD GHFLRQPDNLQJ WHFKQLTXHV D UHYLHZ (XURSHDQ 5HYLHZ RI $JULFXOWXUDO (FRQRPLFV 5XL]3pUH]01GR\H2DQG(\HEH$0DUNHWLQJRIQRQZRRGIRUHVWSURGXFWVLQWKH KXPLGIRUHVW]RQHRI&DPHURRQ8QDV\OYD
91. 6DDULNRVNL+(,$DVFROODERUDWLYHOHDUQLQJSURFHVV(QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW 5HYLHZ YDQGH6DQGW-6WUXJJOHIRUFRQWURORYHUQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVLQ%DJ\HOL)DQJUHODWLRQV ILYHZD\VRIFRSLQJZLWK FKDQJLQJ UHODWLRQV ,Q %LHVEURXFN . (OGHUV 6DQG 5RVVHO * HGV &HQWUDO $IULFDQ KXQWHUJDWKHUHUV LQ D PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ SHUVSHFWLYH FKDOOHQJLQJ HOXVLYHQHVV8QLYHUVLW\RI/HLGHQ5HVHDUFK6FKRRO&1:6/HLGHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
92. 6LPRV -(YDOXHUOLPSDFW VXUOHQYLURQQHPHQW 8QH DSSURFKH RULJLQDOH SDU ODQDO\VH PXOWLFULWqUH HW OD QpJRFLDWLRQ 3UHVVHV 3RO\WHFKQLTXHV HW 8QLYHUVLWDLUHV 5RPDQGHV &ROOHFWLRQ0(7$/DXVDQQH6XLVVH
93. 6PLWK /* ,PSDFW DVVHVVPHQW VXVWDLQDEOH UHVRXUFH PDQDJHPHQW /RQJPDQ 6FLHQWLILF 7HFKQLFDO7KHPHVLQ5HVRXUFH0DQDJHPHQW+DUORZ8.
94. RUrWV WURSLFDOHV MXQJOH LQWHUQDWLRQDOH /HV UHYHUV GXQH pFRSROLWLTXH PRQGLDOH3UHVVHVGH6FLHQFHV3R3DULV)UDQFH
95. 6WHLQHPDQQ $ ,PSURYLQJ DOWHUQDWLYHV IRU HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW (QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW5HYLHZ
96. 7HFVXOW(WXGHGLPSDFWVXUOHQYLURQQHPHQWUHODWLYHjO8)$0,1() +)& &DPSR&DPHURRQ 7KHULYHO 5 :LOVRQ ( 7KRPSVRQ 6 +HDQH\ ' DQG 3ULWFKDUG ' 6WUDWHJLF HQYLURQPHQWDODVVHVVPHQW(DUWKVFDQ/RQGRQ8.
97. 0$ 'HWHUPLQLQJ LPSDFW VLJQLILFDQFH LQ (,$ D UHYLHZ RI PHWKRGRORJLHV-RXUQDORI(QYLURQPHQWDO0DQDJHPHQW
98. 7LD\RQ ) 0DUFKDQGLVDWLRQ HW V\VWqPHV DJUDLUHV HIIHWV VXU OHV SHUFHSWLRQV HW OXWLOLVDWLRQGHODIRUrWSDUOHVSRSXODWLRQVEDQWXGHODUpJLRQGH%LSLQGL$UWLFOHSUpVHQWpDX 6pPLQDLUH &RQWULEXWLRQ GHV VFLHQFHV VRFLDOHV j OpODERUDWLRQ GX 6FKpPD 'LUHFWHXU G$PpQDJHPHQW IRUHVWLHU GH OD ]RQH GH UHFKHUFKH GX 3URJUDPPH 7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ 3URJUDPPH7URSHQERV&DPHURXQ.ULEL&DPHURXQ
99. 7LD\RQ ) 3UDWLTXHVDJULFROHV HWXWLOLVDWLRQ GHV WHUUHVIRUHVWLqUHV FKH] OHV 1JXPED GX VXG&DPHURXQ ,Q 1DVL 5 $QVDOOHP , DQG 'URXLQHDX 6 HGV /D JHVWLRQ GHV IRUrWV GHQVHVDIULFDLQHVDXMRXUGKXL&,5$'0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH&'520
100. 7LD\RQ)0DUFKDQGLVDWLRQSHUFHSWLRQVHWXWLOLVDWLRQVGHODIRUrWSDUOHVSRSXODWLRQV %DQWXGHODUpJLRQGH%LSLQGLVXG&DPHURXQ'UDIW3K'WKHVLV8QLYHUVLW\RI<DRXQGp, <DRXQGp&DPHURRQ 7LD\RQ ) %LHVEURXFN . YDQ GHQ %HUJ -DQG 1NRXPEHOH ) 6RFLDO FKDQJH H[SORLWDWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVLQWKH%LSLQGL$NRP,,DUHD,Q-RQNHUV :%-)DRKRP%DQG6FKPLGW3HGV6XVWDLQDEOHPDQDJHPHQWRI
101. $IULFDQUDLQIRUHVW 3DUW,,6\PSRVLXP7KH7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
102. 0 DQG $VKWRQ 306 6XVWDLQDEOH IRUHVW HFRV\VWHPV DQG PDQDJHPHQW D UHYLHZDUWLFOH)RUHVW6FLHQFH
103. 7RXOPLQ&*HVWLRQGHVWHUURLUVFRQFHSWHWGpYHORSSHPHQW8162'LVFXVVLRQ3DSHU ,,('/RQGRQ8.
104. 7XWLQ&(*3RUWHRXV,6:LONLH'6DQG1DVL5&RPPHQWPLQLPLVHUOLPSDFWGH OH[SORLWDWLRQ IRUHVWLqUH VXU OD IDXQH GDQV OH %DVVLQ GX &RQJR $',( 6pULH )RUrW Q /LEUHYLOOH*DERQ 8,&1 3ODQ 'LUHFWHXU G$PpQDJHPHQW GX 3DUF QDWLRQDO GH :D]D 0,1() 8,&1 <DRXQGp&DPHURRQ 8SWRQ&DQG%DVV6)RUHVWFHUWLILFDWLRQKDQGERRN(DUWKVFDQ3XEOLFDWLRQV/RQGRQ 8.
105. $UEUHV)RUrWVHW &RPPXQDXWpV5XUDOHV
106. 9HUKDJHQ+DQG(QWKRYHQ&/RJJLQJDQGFRQIOLFWVLQWKHUDLQIRUHVWVRI&DPHURXQ ,QWHUQDO UHSRUW )ULHQGV RI WKH (DUWK 1HWKHUODQGV1HWKHUODQGV &RPPLWWHH IRU ,8&1 $PVWHUGDPWKH1HWKHUODQGV
107. 9HUKHHP5$$DQG7RQN-$016WUDWHJLFHQYLURQPHQWDODVVHVVPHQWRQHFRQFHSW PXOWLSOHIRUPV,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQWDQG3URMHFW$SSUDLVDO 9HUPHXOHQ & DQG .DUVHQW\ $ 3ODFH HW OpJLWLPLWp GHV WHUURLUV YLOODJHRLV GDQV OD FRQVHUYDWLRQ ,Q 'HOYLQJW : HG /KRPPH HW OD IRUrW GHQVH KXPLGH WURSLFDOH 3UHVVHV DJURQRPLTXHVGH*HPEORX[*HPEORX[%HOJLTXH :DWHUORR 0-1WRQJD -& 'ROPDQ $-DQG $\DQJPD $% ,PSDFW RI VKLIWLQJ FXOWLYDWLRQDQGVHOHFWLYHORJJLQJRQWKHK\GURORJ\DQGHURVLRQRIUDLQIRUHVWODQGLQ6RXWK &DPHURRQ 7URSHQERV&DPHURRQ 'RFXPHQWV 7URSHQERV &DPHURRQ 3URJUDPPH .ULEL &DPHURRQ :DWKHUQ3$QLQWURGXFWRU\JXLGHWR(,$,Q:DWKHUQ3HG(QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW $VVHVVPHQW7KHRU\DQG3UDFWLFH8QZLQ+\PDQ/RQGRQ8.
108. HEHU-&RQVHUYDWLRQGpYHORSSHPHQWHWFRRUGLQDWLRQSHXWRQJpUHUELRORJLTXHPHQW OH VRFLDO " 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG WR WKH 3DQDIULFDQ ZRUNVKRS RQ ³&RPPXQLW\ PDQDJHPHQW RI UHQHZDEOHQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVDQGVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW´-XQH+DUDUH=LPEDEZH :HEHU-5HVVRXUFHV UHQRXYHODEOHV HW V\VWqPH IRQFLHU ,Q /DYLJQH'HOYLOOH 3 HG 4XHOOHV SROLWLTXHV IRQFLqUHV SRXU O$IULTXH UXUDOH " 5pFRQFLOLHU SUDWLTXHV OpJLWLPLWp HW OpJDOLWp.DUWKDOD3DULV)UDQFH
109. HEOHU7 .DVWHQKRO] + DQG 5HQQ 2 3XEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ LPSDFWDVVHVVPHQW D VRFLDOOHDUQLQJSHUVSHFWLYH(QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW5HYLHZ
110. HVWPDQ:((FRORJ\,PSDFWDVVHVVPHQWDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOSODQQLQJ-RKQ:LOH\ 1HZ<RUN86$ :KLWH/-7%LRPDVVRIUDLQIRUHVWPDPPDOVLQWKH/RSp5HVHUYH*DERQ-RXUQDORI $QLPDO(FRORJ\ :LHUVXP.) 6RFLDO IRUHVWU\FKDQJLQJ SHUVSHFWLYHVLQ IRUHVWU\ VFLHQFH RU SUDFWLFH" 3K'7KHVLV:DJHQLQJHQ$JULFXOWXUDO8QLYHUVLW\:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
111. LHUVXP.))RUPXODWLRQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIIRUHVWPDQDJHPHQWDVDUHLWHUDWLYH SURFHVVRIGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ ,Q)DRKRP%-RQNHUV:%-1NZL316FKPLGW3DQG 7FKDWDW0HGV6XVWDLQDEOHPDQDJHPHQWRI$IULFDQUDLQIRUHVW3DUW,:RUNVKRS7KH 7URSHQERV)RXQGDWLRQ:DJHQLQJHQWKH1HWKHUODQGV
112. LMHZDUGDQD ' /H JXLGH 2,%7 GDSSOLFDWLRQ GHV FULWqUHV HW LQGLFDWHXUV GH ODPpQDJHPHQW IRUHVWLHU GXUDEOH GHV IRUrWV WURSLFDOHV QDWXUHOOHV 2,%7 5DSSRUW VXU OHV TXDWUH DWHOLHUV UpJLRQDX[ GH IRUPDWLRQ HW GH WHVWDJH GH WHUUDLQ ,77&;;; 7UHQWLqPH VHVVLRQPDLMXLQ<DRXQGp&DPHURRQ :LONLH'6,PSDFWRIURDGVLGHDJULFXOWXUHRQVXEVLVWHQFHKXQWLQJLQWKH,WXUL)RUHVWRI 1RUWKHDVWHUQ=DLUH$PHULFDQ-RXUQDORI3K\VLFDO$QWKURSRORJ\ :RQGROOHFN -0 3XEOLF ODQGV FRQIOLFW DQG UHVROXWLRQ PDQDJLQJ QDWLRQDO IRUHVW GLVSXWHV3OHQXP3UHVV1HZ<RUN86$ :RRPHU 3/ DQG 3DOP &$ $Q DSSURDFK WR HVWLPDWLQJ V\VWHP FDUERQ VWRFNV LQ WURSLFDOIRUHVWVDQGDVVRFLDWHGODQGXVHV&RPPRQZHDOWK)RUHVWU\5HYLHZ
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
114. LJXUH93URSRVDORIORFDOSRSXODWLRQGXULQJWKHQHJRWLDWLRQVRQODQGXVHVSODQQLQJ
115. LJXUH9,6FHQDULRDW0LQNDQYLOODJH 7UDQVODWLRQVOHJHQGVVHHODVWSDJHRIDQQH[ )LJXUH9,6FHQDULRDW0LQNDQYLOODJH 7UDQVODWLRQVOHJHQGVVHHODVWSDJHRIDQQH[ )LJXUH9,6FHQDULRDW0LQNDQYLOODJH 7UDQVODWLRQVOHJHQGVVHHODVWSDJHRIDQQH[ )LJXUH9,6FHQDULRDW.DODWHYLOODJH 7UDQVODWLRQVOHJHQGVVHHODVWSDJHRIDQQH[ )LJXUH9,6FHQDULRDW.DODWHYLOODJH 7UDQVODWLRQVOHJHQGVVHHODVWSDJHRIDQQH[

View morearrow_downward Guillaume LescuyerCIRAD, Faculty MemberaddFollowmailMessagePapers114Followers502View all papers from Guillaume Lescuyerarrow_forward

Related papers

Testing and developing criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management in Cameroon: the Kribi testCarol Colfer

1998

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightTesting and Developing Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management in Cameroon: the Kribi Test: Final ReportCarol Colfer

1998

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightCriteria and indicators of forest sustainability assessment for CameroonVictor Cheo

The Environmentalist, 2011

Against a backdrop of continuous deforestation and the degradation of forest resources, this paper is an attempt to develop auspicious criteria and indicators of forest sustainability for Cameroon, drawing from the strength and weaknesses of those currently applicable. Using data emanating from both secondary and primary sources, this paper concludes that while the adoption and implementation of the criteria for forest sustainability should normally lead to sustainability, it should not be taken for granted because sustainability is not an abstract concept, but measurable. Thus, whether or not forest in Cameroon is sustainable can only be ascertained through the effective application of the criteria and indicators delineated in this paper.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightFive Year Forest Management Plan of District Forest Office, Mahottariram bichari thakurdownloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightAssessing the sustainability of forest management: An application of multi-criteria decision analysis to community forests in northern EthiopiaBedru Balana, Bart Muys

Journal of Environmental Management, 2010

Continuous deterioration of the natural resource base has become a serious threat to both the ecological systems and economic production in Ethiopia. Many of these problems have been attributed directly or indirectly to the rapid dwindling of the country's forest cover which is associated with unsustainable forest use and management. Closing community woodlands from human and livestock intervention to promote natural regeneration of forests has been one of the environmental restoration strategies pursued in the degraded highland areas of northern Ethiopia. However, local pressure to use reforested community lands for economic benefit has become a major threat to forest sustainability.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightImpact Assessment and Project Appraisal Environmental assessment in Cameroon: state of the artLaura NangahdownloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightBiodiversity, carbon stock and market value assessment for the SGSOC project area, Southwest region, CameroonKadiri Bobo

We surveyed large mammals, birds as well as vegetation in the proposed 734.55 km² concession area of Herakles Farm/SGSOC in Southwest Cameroon, including the newly assigned plots (see decrees no. 2013/416, 2013/417 and 2013/418, as of November 2013). The aim was to provide carbon stock and market value estimates of the study area (including both the former proposed and recently assigned SGSOC concession area) as well as baseline information for a biodiversity assessment addressing the High Conservation Value (HCV) subcategories 1.2 and 1.3 according to a best practice approach. We carried out systematic direct and indirect large mammal surveys from 46 two-km transects and additionally recorded large mammals from recces (total survey effort 212 km) when moving in between transects. We identified and measured all trees larger 10 cm dbh (diameter at breast height) for vegetation analyses and carbon assessment at two 0.25 ha plots along each transect (total sampling area 21.25 ha). Also...

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightAssessing Effectiveness of Forest Resource Management Approaches in Niger Delta: Comparative Analysis of Mbe Mountains and Cr National ParkRose Okoro

Journal of environment and earth science, 2016

For years now the forest contents of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria have been seriously exploited to the penury of the world. Local public bodies and international Non-governmental (NGOs) conservative organizations have adopted several management strategies to achieve sustainability in managing these forest resources to little or no avail. This study is undertaken to assess and compare effective management approaches of two protected areas (PAs) in Cross River state to discover which one is more sustainably managed and the reasons. The publicly-owned and managed Oban Hills and community-owned and managed Mbe Mts. were chosen for study using survey approach. Structured questionnaires were distributed, retrieved and analyzed using simple frequency tables. It was discovered that the community-based managed Mbe Mts. was more sustainably managed than the public-owned and managed Oban Hills. The study recommends that for any PA to be managed sustainably, the indigenous people must be i...

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightInducement of sustainable management planning of Mozogo-Gokoro National Park (Cameroon) by images processingSandjong Sani

In accordance with the implementation of forest management sustainability of protected areas, this work is based on detection of changes in the vegetation of the Mozogo-Gokoro National Park, located in ecologically fragile semiarid region of the Far North of Cameroon, as well as a search for explanatory mechanisms. A processing of Landsat images of years 1982, 1987, 2001 and 2015 have been done and then put in combination with demographic and rainfall data. Three large vegetable mosaics classes are distinguished over the years. The analysis of their spatiotemporal evolution translated a decrease in area of galleries forests in favor of dense to clear dry forests or more open vegetation, with an annual reduction rate of-0.33 % between 1982 and 2015. The vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Generalized Difference Vegetation Index) have a decreasing trend between 1982 and 2001 and an increase between 2001 and 2015, proof of a reforestation. A few significant differences of their values are observed between years showing certain stability of the vegetation, but not in account statistically with rainfall and population density. There is a worry about the 1.73 % per year expansion speed in surface of more open vegetation. Therefore, control actions are envisaged to limit this extension of savannah, most likely related to human impacts.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightSustainable Forest Management at the Local Scale: A Comparative Analysis of Community Forests and Domestic Forests in CameroonGuillaume Lescuyer

Small-scale Forestry, 2013

In Cameroon, community forests are frequently presented as a relevant option to increase the welfare of rural populations and simultaneously improve local governance and forest resources conservation. But apart from community forests, rural livelihoods also depend on forest areas, designated as 'domestic forests' in this article, where local users enjoy informal customary rights. The specific contributions of community and domestic forests to the evolution of the prevailing socioecological system are assessed through a diachronic study of a village which is located in southern Cameroon. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework is used to compare the progress of this social-ecological system between January 2008 and December 2009. The overall evolution of livelihoods was found to be positive during that period. In this case study, domestic forests and community forests are based on complementary models, which are often observed in southern Cameroon. Domestic forests constitute the basis of socio-economic development, while community forests might offer opportunities for a local-level carbon sequestration payment mechanism.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightkeyboard_arrow_downView more papers

• Explore
• Papers
• Topics

• Features
• Mentions
• Analytics
• PDF Packages
• Advanced Search
• Search Alerts

• Journals
• Academia.edu Journals
• My submissions
• Reviewer Hub
• Why publish with us
• Testimonials

• Company
• About
• Careers
• Press
• Help Center
• Terms
• Privacy
• Copyright
• Content Policy

580 California St., Suite 400San Francisco, CA, 94104© 2026 Academia. All rights reserved