Phenethyl Alcohol - Wikipedia

Phenethyl alcohol[1]

Names
IUPAC name 2-Phenylethanol
Other names 2-PhenylethanolPhenethyl alcoholBenzyl carbinolβ-HydroxyethylbenzeneBenzeneethanol
Identifiers
CAS Number	60-12-8 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:49000 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL448500 Y
ChemSpider	5830 Y
DrugBank	DB02192 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.415
KEGG	D00192
PubChem CID	6054
UNII	ML9LGA7468 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9026342
InChI InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2 YKey: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2 InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2Key: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES c1ccc(cc1)CCO
Properties
Chemical formula	C8H10O
Molar mass	122.167 g·mol−1
Odor	Soft, like roses
Density	1.017 g/cm3
Melting point	−27 °C (−17 °F; 246 K)
Boiling point	219 to 221 °C (426 to 430 °F; 492 to 494 K)
log P	1.36 [2]
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 1 0
Safety data sheet (SDS)	JT Baker MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH. It is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor. It occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils. It is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents. The molecule of phenethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).

Synthesis

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Phenethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes. Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.

C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl

The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product. The main side product is diphenylethane, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene. Hydrogenation of styrene oxide also affords phenethyl alcohol.[3]

Laboratory methods

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Phenethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:

C6H5MgBr + (CH2CH2)O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+

Phenethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[4] It is also possible to produce phenethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF. [5]

Occurrence and uses

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Phenethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca. It is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.[6]

Fusel alcohols like phenethyl alcohol are grain fermentation byproducts, and therefore trace amounts of phenethyl alcohol are present in many alcoholic beverages.

It is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.[3] It is used as an additive in cigarettes. It is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions. It is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.

See also

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• 1-Phenylethanol
• Congener
• Wine chemistry
• Phenethylamine

References

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1. ^ Merck Index (11th ed.). p. 7185.
2. ^ "Phenylethyl alcohol_msds".
3. ^ a b Fahlbusch, Karl-Georg; Hammerschmidt, Franz-Josef; Panten, Johannes; Pickenhagen, Wilhelm; Schatkowski, Dietmar; Bauer, Kurt; Garbe, Dorothea; Surburg, Horst (2003). "Flavors and Fragrances". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_141. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
4. ^ Eshkol N, Sendovski M, Bahalul M, Katz-Ezov T, Kashi Y, Fishman A (2009). "Production of 2-phenylethanol from L-phenylalanine by a stress tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 106 (2): 534–542. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04023.x. PMID 19200319.
5. ^ Kanth JV, Periasamy M (1991). "Selective Reduction of Carboxylic Acids into Alcohols Using NaBH and I2". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 56: 5964–5965. doi:10.1021/jo00020a052.
6. ^ Lingappa, BT; Prasad, M; Lingappa, Y; Hunt, DF; Biemann, K (1969). "Phenethyl alcohol and tryptophol: Autoantibiotics produced by the fungus Candida albicans". Science. 163 (3863): 192–4. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..192L. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.192. PMID 5762768. S2CID 12430791.

v t e Alcohols
By consumption	Alcohols found inalcoholic drinks 1-Propanol 2-Methyl-1-butanol Ethanol Isoamyl alcohol Isobutanol Phenethyl alcohol tert-Amyl alcohol tert-Butyl alcohol Tryptophol Medical alcohol Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Methanol poisoning Ethanol Toxic alcohols Isopropyl alcohol Methanol
Primaryalcohols (1°)	Methanol 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol Aminomethanol Cyclohexylmethanol Methoxymethanol Methylazoxymethanol Trifluoromethanol Ethanol 1-Aminoethanol 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol 2-Butoxyethanol 2-Chloroethanol 2-Ethoxyethanol 2-Fluoroethanol 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-Methoxyethanol Aminoethylethanolamine Diethylethanolamine Dimethylethanolamine Ethanol Ethanolamine N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol N-Methylethanolamine Phenoxyethanol Tribromoethanol Butanol 2-Methyl-1-butanol Isobutanol n-Butanol Straight-chainsaturatedC1 — C9 Methanol Ethanol 1-Propanol 1-Butanol 1-Pentanol 1-Hexanol 1-Heptanol 1-Octanol (capryl) 1-Nonanol (pelargonic) Straight-chainsaturatedC10 — C19 1-Decanol (capric) 1-Undecanol (hendecyl) 1-Dodecanol (lauryl) 1-Tridecanol 1-Tetradecanol (myristyl) 1-Pentadecanol 1-Hexadecanol (cetyl / palmityl) 1-Heptadecanol 1-Octadecanol (stearyl) 1-Nonadecanol Straight-chainsaturatedC20 — C29 1-Icosanol (arachidyl) 1-Heneicosanol 1-Docosanol (behenyl) 1-Tricosanol 1-Tetracosanol (lignoceryl) 1-Pentacosanol 1-Hexacosanol (ceryl) 1-Heptacosanol 1-Octacosanol (cluytyl / montanyl) 1-Nonacosanol Straight-chainsaturatedC30 — C39 1-Triacontanol (melissyl / myricyl) 1-Hentriacontanol 1-Dotriacontanol (lacceryl) 1-Tritriacontanol 1-Tetratriacontanol (geddyl) 1-Pentatriacontanol 1-Hexatriacontanol 1-Heptatriacontanol 1-Octatriacontanol 1-Nonatriacontanol Straight-chainsaturatedC40 — C49 1-Tetracontanol 1-Hentetracontanol 1-Dotetracontanol 1-Tritetracontanol 1-Tetratetracontanol 1-Pentatetracontanol 1-Hexatetracontanol 1-Heptatetracontanol 1-Octatetracontanol 1-Nonatetracontanol 2-Ethylhexanol Allyl alcohol Anisyl alcohol Benzyl alcohol Cinnamyl alcohol Crotyl alcohol Furfuryl alcohol Isoamyl alcohol Neopentyl alcohol Nicotinyl alcohol Perillyl alcohol Phenethyl alcohol Prenol Propargyl alcohol Salicyl alcohol Tryptophol Vanillyl alcohol Veratrole alcohol
Secondary alcohols (2°)	1-Phenylethanol 2-Butanol 2-Deoxyerythritol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanol 2-Hexanol 3-Hexanol 3-Methyl-2-butanol 2-Nonanol 2-Octanol 2-Pentanol 3-Pentanol Cyclohexanol Cyclopentanol Cyclopropanol Diphenylmethanol Isopropanol Pinacolyl alcohol Pirkle's alcohol Propylene glycol methyl ether
Tertiary alcohols (3°)	2-Methyl-2-pentanol 2-Methylheptan-2-ol 2-Methylhexan-2-ol 3-Methyl-3-pentanol 3-Methyloctan-3-ol Diacetone alcohol Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Nonafluoro-tert-butyl alcohol tert-Amyl alcohol tert-Butyl alcohol Triphenylethanol Triphenylmethanol
Hydric alcohols	Monohydric alcohols Methanol (C1) Ethanol (C2) Isopropanol (C3) 1-Butanol (C4) 1-Pentanol (C5) Cetyl alcohol (C16) Dihydric alcohols Ethylene glycol Propylene glycol Trihydric alcohols Glycerol Polyhydric alcohols (sugar alcohols) Pentaerythritol Ethylene glycol (C2) Glycerol, Propylene glycol (C3) Erythritol, Threitol (C4) Xylitol (C5) Mannitol, Sorbitol (C6) Volemitol (C7)
Amyl alcohols	2,2-Dimethylpropan-1-ol 2-Methylbutan-1-ol 2-Methylbutan-2-ol 3-Methylbutan-1-ol 3-Methylbutan-2-ol Pentan-1-ol Pentan-2-ol Pentan-3-ol
Aromatic alcohols	Benzyl alcohol 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol 3-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
Saturatedfatty alcohols	Cetostearyl alcohol Decanol Lauryl alcohol Myristyl alcohol Nonanol Octanol Tridecanol Undecanol
Branched andunsaturatedfatty alcohols	3-Methyl-3-pentanol Erucyl alcohol Linolenyl alcohol Linoleyl alcohol Oleyl alcohol Palmitoleyl alcohol tert-Amyl alcohol tert-Butyl alcohol
Sugar alcohols	C1 — C7 Methylene glycol (C1) Ethylene glycol (C2) Glycerol (C3) Erythritol (C4) Threitol (C4) Arabitol (C5) Ribitol (C5) Xylitol (C5) Mannitol (C6) Sorbitol (C6) Galactitol (C6) Iditol (C6) Volemitol (C7) Deoxy sugar alcohols Fucitol Cyclic sugar alcohols Inositol Glycylglycitols Maltitol Lactitol Isomalt Maltotriitol Maltotetraitol Polyglycitol
Terpene alcohols	Monoterpene alcohols Borneol Citronellol Geraniol Linalool Menthol Nerol Rhodinol Terpineol Sesquiterpene alcohols Bisabolol Farnesol Nerolidol Patchoulol Diterpene alcohols Phytol
Dialcohols	1,4-Butanediol 1,5-Pentanediol 2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol Diethylpropanediol Ethylene glycol
Trialcohols	Glycerol
Sterols	Cholesterol Ergosterol Lanosterol β-Sitosterol Stigmasterol
Fluoroalcohols	1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 2-Fluoroethanol Nonafluoro-tert-butyl alcohol Trifluoromethanol
Preparations	Substitution of haloalkane Carbonyl reduction Ether cleavage Hydrolysis of epoxide Hydration of alkene Ziegler process
Reactions	Deprotonation Protonation Alcohol oxidation Glycol cleavage Nucleophilic substitution Fischer–Speier esterification Williamson ether synthesis Elimination reaction Nucleophilic substitution of carbonyl group Friedel-Crafts alkylation Nucleophilic conjugate addition Transesterification
Category