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Abstract

Phi 6 (Φ6) bacteriophage is a proposed surrogate to study pathogenic enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2-the causative agent of COVID-19-based on structural similarities, BSL-1 status, and ease of use. To determine the role of virus-contaminated hands in disease transmission, an enhanced understanding of buffer and method performance for Φ6 recovery needs to be determined. Four buffer types and three methodologies were investigated for the recovery of Φ6 from human fingerpads over a 30 min duration. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), PBS + 0.1 % Tween, 0.1 M glycine + 3% beef extract, and viral transport medium were evaluated as buffers for recovery of Φ6 via a dish, modified glove juice, and vigorous swabbing method. Φ6 concentrations on fingerpads were determined at 0-, 5-, 10-, and 30-min post-inoculation. While there were observed differences in virus recovery across buffer and method types depending on the time point, log PFU recovery based on buffer type or methodology was not significantly different at any time point (P > 0.05). The results presented in this study will allow for future work on Φ6 persistence, transfer between hands and surfaces, and efficacy of hand hygiene methods to be performed using a well-characterized and validated recovery method.

Keywords: Fingerpad; Hand hygiene; Indirect contact transmission; Phi 6; SARS-CoV-2; Surrogate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Virus recovery efficiency over time…

Fig. 1

Virus recovery efficiency over time on fingerpad (min) for the modified glove juice…

Fig. 1 Virus recovery efficiency over time on fingerpad (min) for the modified glove juice (Bag), dish, and vigorous swabbing (Vig. Swabbing) methods with glycine buffer (closed circle), PBS (open triangle), PBS + 0.1 % Tween (closed circle), and viral transport medium (closed square). Mean virus recovery efficiency for each method and buffer is represented by the red line.
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References

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