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    SOLUTION:

    SAMPLE PROBLEM 12.3

    (continued)

    (a) Mg2+ and Cl- are held together by ionic bonds (a salt) while PCl3 is covalently bonded and the molecules are held together by dipole-dipole interactions. Ionic attractions are much stronger than dipole interactions and so MgCl2 has the higher boilin

    (b) CH3NH2 and CH3F are both covalent compounds and have polar bonds. The dipole in CH3NH2 can H-bond while that in CH3F cannot. Therefore, CH3NH2 has the stronger interactions and the higher boiling point.

    (c) Both CH3OH and CH3CH2OH can H-bond but CH3CH2OH has more CH bonds for greater dispersion force interactions. Therefore, CH3CH2OH has the higher boiling point.

    (d) Hexane and 2,2-dimethylbutane are both non-polar with only dispersion forces to hold the molecules together. Hexane has a larger surface area, and therefore the greater dispersion forces and higher boiling point.

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