Propanal, 2-methyl- - The NIST WebBook

Propanal, 2-methyl-

• Formula: C4H8O
• Molecular weight: 72.1057
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-4(2)3-5/h3-4H,1-2H3 Copy
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 78-84-2
• Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5)
• Other names: Isobutyraldehyde; α-Methylpropionaldehyde; Isobutanal; Isopropylaldehyde; Isopropylformaldehyde; 2-Methylpropanal; 2-Methylpropionaldehyde; iso-C3H7CHO; Isobutylaldehyde; Isobutyric aldehyde; 2-Methyl-1-propanal; Isobutyraldehyd; Propionaldehyde, 2-methyl-; Valine aldehyde; Isobutaldehyde; Isobutyryl aldehyde; Methyl propanal; NCI-C60968; UN 2045; Isobutyral; NSC 6739; 2-methylpropanal (isobutanal)
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• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments: B - John E. Bartmess ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C4H7O- + =

By formula: C4H7O- + H+ = C4H8O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	1535. ± 13.	kJ/mol	D-EA	Alconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrG°	1504. ± 13.	kJ/mol	H-TS	Alconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001	gas phase; B

+ =

By formula: H2 + C4H8O = C4H10O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	-87.4 ± 0.3	kJ/mol	Cm	Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991	liquid phase; ALS
ΔrH°	-68.1 ± 0.9	kJ/mol	Eqk	Connett, 1975	gas phase; Heat of dehydrogenation; ALS

(CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8 • 4294967295) + = CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8 • 4294967295C4H8O) + C4H8O = CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	176. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	N/A	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

= +

By formula: C4H10O = H2 + C4H8O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	68.1 ± 0.9	kJ/mol	Eqk	Connett, 1975	gas phase; Heat of dehydrogenation; ALS

+ = 2 +

By formula: C6H14O2 + H2O = 2CH4O + C4H8O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	36.39 ± 0.067	kJ/mol	Eqk	Wiberg and Squires, 1981	liquid phase; ALS

+ =

By formula: H2O + C4H8O = C4H10O2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	-23.	kJ/mol	Eqk	Green and Hine, 1973	liquid phase; ALS

3 =

By formula: 3C4H8O = C12H24O3

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	-28.47	kJ/mol	Eqk	Ogorodnikov, Katsnel'son, et al., 1990	liquid phase; PMR; ALS

=

By formula: C4H8O = C4H8O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ΔrH°	-86.19	kJ/mol	Kin	Farberov, Bondarenko, et al., 1984	liquid phase; ALS

References

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Alconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001 Alconcel, L.S.; Deyerl, H.J.; Continetti, R.E., Effects of alkyl substitution on the energetics of enolate anions and radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 50, 12675-12681, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0120431 . [all data]

Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991 Wiberg, K.B.; Crocker, L.S.; Morgan, K.M., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl compounds. 5. Enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3447-3450. [all data]

Connett, 1975 Connett, J.E., Chemical equilibria 6. Measurement of equilibrium constants for the dehydrogenation of 2-methylpropan-1-ol by a vapour-flow technique, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 1159-1162. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Wiberg and Squires, 1981 Wiberg, K.B.; Squires, R.R., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl reactions. 2. Steric effects in acetal and ketal hydrolysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4473-4478. [all data]

Green and Hine, 1973 Green, L.R.; Hine, J., Isobutyraldehyde. The kinetics of acid- and base-catalyzed equilibrations in water, J. Org. Chem., 1973, 38, 2801-28. [all data]

Ogorodnikov, Katsnel'son, et al., 1990 Ogorodnikov, A.L.; Katsnel'son, M.G.; Pinson, V.V.; Levin, Yu.V., Study of thermodynamic characteristics of a butyraldehyde-cyclic trimer system, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1990, 63, 1340-1343. [all data]

Farberov, Bondarenko, et al., 1984 Farberov, M.I.; Bondarenko, A.V.; Tsilyurik, T.V.; Srednev, S.S.; Shutova, I.A., Epoxidation of isobutene with organic hydroperoxides, and certain syntheses on this basis, J. Anal. Chem. USSR, 1984, 57, 1915-1919. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:

  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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