Propyl Group - Wikipedia

Chemical group (–C3H7) derived from propane

In organic chemistry, a propyl group is a three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula −CH2CH2CH3 for the linear form. This substituent form is obtained by removing one hydrogen atom attached to the terminal carbon of propane.[1] A propyl substituent is often represented in organic chemistry with the symbol Pr (not to be confused with the element praseodymium).

An isomeric form of propyl is obtained by moving the point of attachment from a terminal carbon atom to the central carbon atom, named isopropyl or 1-methylethyl. To maintain four substituents on each carbon atom, one hydrogen atom has to be moved from the middle carbon atom to the carbon atom which served as attachment point in the n-propyl variant, written as −CH(CH3)2.[2]

Linear propyl is sometimes termed normal and hence written with a prefix n- (i.e., n-propyl), as the absence of the prefix n- does not indicate which attachment point is chosen, i.e. absence of prefix does not automatically exclude the possibility of it being the branched version (i.e. i-propyl[citation needed] or isopropyl).[1][failed verification] In addition, there is a third, cyclic, form called cyclopropyl, or c-propyl[citation needed]. It is not isomeric with the other two forms, having a different chemical formula (−C3H5 vs −C3H7), not just a different connectivity of the atoms.

Examples

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n-Propyl acetate is an ester which has the n-propyl group attached to the oxygen atom of the acetate group.

Other examples

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• Isopropyl alcohol
• Isopropylamine

References

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1. ^ a b "IUPAC Nomenclature - Acyclic Hydrocarbons Rule A-1". Retrieved 2022-07-31.
2. ^ "IUPAC Nomenclature - Acyclic Hydrocarbons Rule A-2". Retrieved 2022-07-31.

v t e Functional groups
Hydrocarbons (only C and H)	Alkyl Methyl Ethyl Propyl Cyclopropyl Butyl Pentyl Methylene Bridge Methine Alkene Vinyl Allyl 1-Propenyl Crotyl Allene Cumulene Aryl Phenyl Benzyl Alkyne Carbene
Only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (only C, H and O)	R-O-R Acetal Alcohol Alkoxy Methoxy Ether Enol ether Epoxide Peroxy Hydroperoxy Dioxiranes Ethylenedioxy Methylenedioxy carbonyl Acyl Acetyl Acryloyl Benzoyl Aldehyde Ketene Ketone Ynone Reductone carboxy Carboxyl Acetoxy Anhydride Ester Orthoester
Only one element, not being carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen (one element, not C, H or O)	Nitrogen Amine Enamine Ammonium Hydrazo Nitrene Imine Oxime Hydrazone Azo Amide Imidate Amidine Carbamate Imide Nitrile Isonitrile Cyanate Isocyanate Nitrate Nitrite Nitro Nitroso NONOate Triazole Tetrazole Silicon Silane Hydrosilane Chlorosilane Silene Silanol Siloxide Siloxane Silanone Silether Silole Silatrane Silicate Phosphorus Phosphate Phosphodiester Phosphonate Phosphite Phosphonous Phosphinate Phosphine oxide Phosphine Phosphonium Phosphaalkene Phosphaalkyne Phosphaallene Arsenic Arsinic acid Arsonic acid Arsole Sulfur Thiol Thioether Sulfonium Thia-crown ether Persulfide Disulfide Sulfenic acid Thiosulfinate Sulfoxide Thiosulfonate Sulfinic acid Sulfone Sulfonic acid Thioketone Thial Thioester Thionoester Thioxanthate Xanthate Boron Boronic acid Borinic acid Selenium Selenol Selenonic acid Seleninic acid Selenenic acid Selone Selenoether Tellurium Tellurol Telluroketone telluroether Polonium Polonol Polonoether Halo Haloalkane Fluoroethyl Trifluoromethyl Trichloromethyl Trifluoromethoxy Hypervalent iodine Vinyl halide Iodide Acyl halide Chloride Perchlorate
Other	Isothiocyanate Phosphoramides Sulfenyl chloride Sulfonamide Thiocyanate Sulfinylamines
See also chemical classification chemical nomenclature inorganic organic