Rolls-Royce Gnome - Wikipedia

1950s British turboshaft aircraft engine

Gnome
Rolls-Royce Gnome at the Imperial War Museum Duxford
Type	Turboshaft
Manufacturer	de Havilland Engine Company Bristol Siddeley Rolls-Royce
First run	5 June 1959
Major applications	Westland Sea King Westland Wessex Westland Whirlwind
Developed from	General Electric T58

The Rolls-Royce Gnome is a British turboshaft engine originally developed by the de Havilland Engine Company as a licence-built General Electric T58, an American mid-1950s design.[1] The Gnome came to Rolls-Royce after their takeover of Bristol Siddeley in 1966, Bristol having absorbed de Havilland Engines Limited in 1961.

A licence to manufacture the T58 was purchased in 1958. The T58 had begun bench testing in 1955[2] and by 1958 had already been used in helicopters and de Havilland were able to test their first engines in a Westland Whirlwind and Wasp helicopters in August 1959 and March 1960 respectively.[3]

A free-turbine turboshaft, it was used in helicopters such as the Westland Sea King and Westland Whirlwind. The design was sub-licensed to Alfa-Romeo.[4]

There were two series produced: the "H" turboshaft for helicopter use, and the "P" turboprop for fixed-wing aircraft.[3]

Design and development

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A two-stage turbine drives the 10 stage all-axial compressor, whilst a single-stage free power turbine drives the load. [5] The combustor is annular. The Gnome differed from the T-58 in having a British developed fuel control system (Lucas).

Because an all-axial design is employed, the final stage compressor rotor blades are amongst the smallest ever manufactured. Normally, a small engine such as this would feature an axial/centrifugal or even a double centrifugal compressor.

The engine was the first developed with a full authority analogue computer, de Havilland Propellers' own, as part of the fuel control system, specifically to anticipate helicopter power demand from pilot control inputs and to limit fuel flow during acceleration to prevent engine surge from occurring.

The system developed relieved the helicopter pilot of the need to control rotor speed directly; it delivered constant rotor speed under varying rotor load.[6] and in this way was the analogue forerunner of all subsequent full authority digital engine control (FADEC) systems worldwide.

Variants

[edit] H.1000 (Mk.101) 1,050 shp (780 kW), first production version for use on later marks of Westland Whirlwind H.1200 1,250 shp (930 kW), the Westland Wessex uses two H.1200, as the Coupled Gnome, with a coupled gearbox with a power limited to 1,550 shp (1,160 kW) at the rotor. H.1400 1,400 shp (1,000 kW) for the Westland Sea King HAS.1 H.1400-1 1,535 shp (1,145 kW), uprated from the 1400 by increasing the gas-generator speed and using improved blades that can operate at higher temperatures for the Westland Sea King HAS.2. H.1400-1T For the Westland Commando HC.4 troop carrier variant of the Westland Sea King H.1400-2 1,660 shp (1,240 kW) for the Westland Sea King HAS.5. H.1400-3 1,720 shp (1,280 kW) with new two-stage power turbine. H.1600 11-stage compressor with 2-stage free power turbine 1,600 hp (1,200 kW) P.1000 Turboprop version of the H.1000 P.1200 Turboprop version of the H.1200 P.1400-3 Turboprop version of the H.1400-3 rated at 1,700 shp (1,300 kW). Gnome Mk.101 Gnome Mk.110 Handed H.1200 engines for Coupled Gnome units used in Westland Wessex helicopters. Gnome Mk.111 Handed H.1200 engines for Coupled Gnome units used in Westland Wessex helicopters. Gnome Mk.112 Handed H.1200 engines for Coupled Gnome units used in Westland Wessex HU.5 helicopters. Gnome Mk.113 Handed H.1200 engines for Coupled Gnome units used in Westland Wessex HU.5 helicopters. Gnome Mk.501 Civilianised H.1000. Gnome Mk.510 Civilianised H.1000. Gnome Mk.610 Civilianised H.1200. Gnome Mk.640 Civilianised H.1200. Gnome Mk.640A Civilianised H.1200. Gnome Mk 660 Used in the civilian Westland Wessex 60 helicopter variant of Wessex HC.2 Coupled Gnome Twin engines driving through a common gearbox to a single output.

Applications

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• Agusta A.101
• AgustaBell AB204B
• Agusta-Bell 205BG
• Kawasaki KV-107 (Swedish Navy only)
• Saunders-Roe SR.N5 hovercraft
• Saunders-Roe SR.N6 hovercraft
• Vertol 107
• Westland Sea King and Commando
• Westland Wessex
• Westland Whirlwind

Engines on display

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Rolls-Royce Gnome engines are on display at the following museums:

• Caernarfon Airworld Aviation Museum
• City of Norwich Aviation Museum in Horsham St Faith, Norfolk.[7]
• de Havilland Aircraft Museum
• The Helicopter Museum (Weston)
• Imperial War Museum Duxford
• London Science Museum
• South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum

University of Aberdeen

Specifications (Gnome H1400-1)

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Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982-83[5]

General characteristics

• Type: Turboshaft
• Length: 1,392 mm (54.8 in)
• Diameter: 549 mm (21.6 in)
• Dry weight: 148 kg (326 lb) (ungeared)

Components

• Compressor: Ten-stage axial flow, variable incidence inlet guide vanes and first three stages of stator
• Combustors: Annular
• Turbine: Two-stage compressor turbine, single-stage free power turbine

Performance

• Maximum power output: 1,238 kW (1,660 shp) max contingency
• Overall pressure ratio: 8.4:1
• Air mass flow: 6.26 kg (13.8 lb) per second
• Power-to-weight ratio: 5.1 shp/lb

See also

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Related development

• General Electric T58

Comparable engines

• Klimov TV2-117
• Lycoming T53

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines

References

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Notes

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1. ^ Gunston 1989, p.155.
2. ^ "Aeroengines 1960". Flight. 18 March 1960. p. 383. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
3. ^ a b "Aeroengines 1960". Flight. 18 March 1960. p. 370. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019.
4. ^ "Turbine Engines of the World". Flight. 4 January 1973. p. 36. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
5. ^ a b Taylor 1982, p. 764.
6. ^ "Gnome", Flight, p. 587, 29 April 1960, archived from the original on 5 March 2016
7. ^ "Engines List". City of Norwich Aviation Museum. Retrieved 27 August 2023.

Bibliography

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• Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9
• Taylor, John W.R. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982-83., London, Jane's Publishing Company Ltd, 1982. ISBN 0 7106-0748-2.

External links

[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rolls-Royce Gnome.

• de Havilland engines

v t e de Havilland aero engines
Piston engines	Ghost Gipsy Gipsy Junior Gipsy Minor Gipsy Major Gipsy Six Gipsy Queen Gipsy Twelve Gipsy King Iris
Turbojets	Ghost Goblin Gyron Gyron Junior
Turboprops/turboshafts	Gnome Gem
Rockets	Sprite Super Sprite Spectre
Designers	Geoffrey de Havilland Frank Halford

v t e Rolls-Royce Limited aero engines
Piston engines	By name: Buzzard Condor Crecy Eagle (V-12) Eagle XVI (X-16) Eagle (H-24) Exe Falcon Goshawk Griffon Hawk Kestrel Merlin Pennine Peregrine "R" Vulture By company designation: PV12 Type H Type G Type F Type R
Rocket engines	Larch Rolls-Royce RZ.2
Turbojets	Avon Derwent Nene Olympus (variants) Olympus 593 (with SNECMA) RB.106 RB.108 RB.145 RB.162 RB176 Soar Tay Thames Viper Welland
Turbofans	Adour Conway M45H (with SNECMA) Medway Pegasus RB153 (with MAN Turbo) RB168-62 RB.175 RB178 RB.193 (with MAN Turbo) RB199 (as Turbo-Union) RB202 RB211 RB220 RB235 Spey Trent (RB203)
Turboprops/Turboshafts	Clyde Dart Gem Gnome Nimbus Trent Tweed Tyne
Rolls-Royce Barnoldswick (RB) designations	RB23 RB37 RB39 RB41 RB44 RB50 RB53 RB80 RB82 RB93 RB106 RB108 RB109 RB140 RB141 RB142 RB145 RB146 RB153 RB.162 RB163 RB168 RB168-62 RB172 RB174 RB175 RB176 RB177 RB178 RB181 RB183 RB.193 RB199 RB202 RB207 RB203 RB211 RB220 RB235 RB410 RB508
Aero-derivative industrial and marine engines	Piston engines: Rolls-Royce Meteor Rolls-Royce Meteorite Gas turbines: Marine Olympus Marine Spey
Designers	Alan Arnold Griffith R.W. Harvey-Bailey Ernest Hives Stanley Hooker Gordon Lewis Adrian Lombard Cyril Lovesey Harry Ricardo Arthur Rowledge Henry Royce Arthur Rubbra Spirito Mario Viale
See also Rolls-Royce Holdings and Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust