SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) Elicits Cross-reactive Neutralizing ...

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  • Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 (B.1.351). Moyo-Gwete T, Madzivhandila M, Makhado Z, Ayres F, Mhlanga D, Oosthuysen B, Lambson BE, Kgagudi P, Tegally H, Iranzadeh A, Doolabh D, Tyers L, Chinhoyi LR, Mennen M, Skelem S, Marais G, Wibmer CK, Bhiman JN, Ueckermann V, Rossouw T, Boswell M, de Oliveira T, Williamson C, Burgers WA, Ntusi N, Morris L, Moore PL. Moyo-Gwete T, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 3;384(22):2161-2163. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2104192. Epub 2021 Apr 7. N Engl J Med. 2021. PMID: 33826816 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

Neutralization escape by SARS-CoV-2 variants, as has been observed in the 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) variant, has impacted the efficacy of first generation COVID-19 vaccines. Here, the antibody response to the 501Y.V2 variant was examined in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in early 2021 - when over 90% of infections in South Africa were attributed to 501Y.V2. Robust binding and neutralizing antibody titers to the 501Y.V2 variant were detected and these binding antibodies showed high levels of cross-reactivity for the original variant, from the first wave. In contrast to an earlier study where sera from individuals infected with the original variant showed dramatically reduced potency against 501Y.V2, sera from 501Y.V2-infected patients maintained good cross-reactivity against viruses from the first wave. Furthermore, sera from 501Y.V2-infected patients also neutralized the 501Y.V3 (P.1) variant first described in Brazil, and now circulating globally. Collectively these data suggest that the antibody response in patients infected with 501Y.V2 has a broad specificity and that vaccines designed with the 501Y.V2 sequence may elicit more cross-reactive responses.

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Figures

Figure 1.

Figure 1.. 501Y.V2 elicits robust binding and…

Figure 1.. 501Y.V2 elicits robust binding and neutralizing antibody responses.

Plasma samples from hospitalized individuals…

Figure 1.. 501Y.V2 elicits robust binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Plasma samples from hospitalized individuals infected with either the 501Y.V2 variant (n=89) or the original variant (n=62) were tested for (A) Binding (OD450nm) to the sequence-matched SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen and (B) neutralizing activity (ID50) against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Binding was assessed at a single dilution of 1:100, and neutralization titers from a starting dilution of 1:20. For both binding and neutralization, only individuals with binding or neutralizing responses are shown. For the 501Y.V2 cohort, binding data are shown for 75 patients, and neutralization data for 57. For the original variant cohort, 28 samples were measured at admission and 23 at follow-up for binding responses; 33 at admission and 23 at follow-up for neutralization assays. Samples were scored as positive when binding was greater than an OD450nm>0.4 and the threshold of detection for the neutralization assay is ID50>20. All experiments were performed in duplicate. Significance is shown as: ns= p>0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.
Figure 2:

Figure 2:. Plasma binding antibodies in 501Y.V2…

Figure 2:. Plasma binding antibodies in 501Y.V2 infected individuals are cross-reactive.

Plasma samples from 89…

Figure 2:. Plasma binding antibodies in 501Y.V2 infected individuals are cross-reactive. Plasma samples from 89 GSH patients were tested for binding to (A) SBD (original variant and 501Y.V2) and (B) full spike (original variant and 501Y.V2). Binding in A and B was assessed at a single plasma dilution of 1:100. (C) Plasma samples from a subset of n=46 individuals were titrated out in full against the 501Y.V2 spike (column 1) and the spike from the original variant (column 2). Data are plotted as area under the curve, ranked by titers against 501Y.V2, and colored according to magnitude. The fold differences between binding to each of the two lineages is shown in column 3, with grey shading denoting fold changes ≥2. All experiments were performed in duplicate.
Figure 3.

Figure 3.. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by 501Y.V2…

Figure 3.. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by 501Y.V2 infection are more cross-reactive than those from patients…

Figure 3.. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by 501Y.V2 infection are more cross-reactive than those from patients infected with the original variant. (A) Plasma samples from patients infected with the original variant and (B-C) 501Y.V2-infected GSH cohort samples were compared for their neutralization cross-reactivity against other variants (n=57). In (C), the analysis was limited to those samples where sequencing confirmed infection by 501Y.V2 (n=22). (D) A subset of samples (n=10) was assayed against 501Y.V3 pseudoviruses. The orange line indicates the slope between the median neutralization potency of the samples tested. In the pie charts, purple indicates the proportion of samples with neutralization activity and red the proportion of samples with no detectable neutralization activity. The threshold of detection for the neutralization assay is ID50>20. All experiments were performed in duplicate. Data for the original variant plasma was taken from Wibmer et al., 2021, Nature Medicine.
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References

    1. ATYEO C., FISCHINGER S., ZOHAR T., SLEIN M. D., BURKE J., LOOS C., MCCULLOCH D. J., NEWMAN K. L., WOLF C. & YU J. 2020. Distinct early serological signatures track with SARS-CoV-2 survival. Immunity, 53, 524–532. e4. - PMC - PubMed
    1. CELE S., GAZY I., JACKSON L., HWA S.-H., TEGALLY H., LUSTIG G., GIANDHARI J., PILLAY S., WILKINSON E. & NAIDOO Y. 2021. Escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y. V2 variants from neutralization by convalescent plasma. medRxiv. - PMC - PubMed
    1. CLEEMPUT S., DUMON W., FONSECA V., ABDOOL KARIM W., GIOVANETTI M., ALCANTARA L. C., DEFORCHE K. & DE OLIVEIRA T. 2020. Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool for rapid identification and characterization of novel coronavirus genomes. Bioinformatics, 36, 3552–3555. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. FAULKNER N., NG K., WU M., HARVEY R., HUSSAIN S., GRECO M., BOLLAND W., WARCHAL S., MARGARITIS M., PARASKEVOPOULOU S., HEANEY J., RICKMAN H., HOULIHAN C., SPYER M., FRAMPTON D., BYOTT M., DE OLIVEIRA T., SIGAL A., KJAER S., SWANTON C., GANDHI S., BEALE R., GAMBLIN S., MCCAULEY J., DANIELS R., HOWELL M., BAUER D., NASTOULI E. & KASSIOTIS G. 2021. Reduced antibody cross-reactivity following infection with B.1.1.7 than with parental SARS-CoV-2 strains. bioRxiv, 2021.03.01.433314. - PMC - PubMed
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