So, Too - Neither, Either | Kiến Thức Wiki

Hai cặp từ TOO/SO và EITHER/NEITHER rất thường được dùng trong văn nói. Tuy nhiên, nhiều người học cảm thấy khó phân biệt cách dùng mỗi từ sao cho đúng.

TOO/SO, EITHER/NEITHER tất cả đều có chung nghĩa là "cũng", nhưng EITHER/NEITHER mang nghĩa phủ định, tức là "cũng không".

• NEITHER là phủ định của SO.
• EITHER là phủ định của TOO.

SO/TOO - EITHER/NEITHER[]

SO/TOO	EITHER/NEITHER
Diễn tả sự đồng tình khẳng định với mệnh đề trước đó. S1 + V1. So + Aux + S2 S2 + Aux, too. (S1 là/làm gì - S2 cũng thế.) Jenny is pretty. So are we/We are, too. Huong has a false tooth. So does Lan/Lan does, too.	Diễn tả sự đồng tình phủ định với mệnh đề trước đó. S1 + not + V1. Neither + Aux + S2 S2 + Aux-not, either. (S1 không là/làm gì - S2 cũng thế.) Nam isn't attentive. Neither are they/They aren't, either. He can't ride a horse. Neither can she/She can't, either.

Neither/Nor + Aux + S2

• She hasn't turned up yet. Neither/Nor have they.

ENOUGH và TOO[]

1. Enough (đủ) S + V + enough + N(un)countable (for sb) to V + Adj/Adv + enough (for sb) + to V

• There are enough seats for everyone.
• This test isn't easy enough for me to get high mark.

2. Too (quá ... đến nỗi không ...)

TOO mang nghĩa phủ định. Vì thế trong câu không được dùng "not".

★It is/was + too + Adj (for sb) to V

• This is too cold for us to go out.

★S(person) + V + too + Adj + to V

• Some boys are too mischievous to concentrate on lessons.

• Khi kết hợp 2 câu đơn thành 1, sử dụng "TOO":

★ Nếu chủ ngữ và tân ngữ cùng là 1 đối tượng, bỏ "tân ngữ". ★ Dùng "for sb" nếu 2 câu khác "chủ ngữ".

Ex: The quiz was very difficult. The children couldn't come up with the answer.

→ The quiz was too difficult for the children to come up with the answer.

Ex: The soup was.very hot. We couldn't eat it.

→ The soup was too hot for us to eat.

• Too + Adj/Adv = Not + Adj/Adv (reversed meaning) + enough (tính từ ngược nghĩa)

Ex: He is too young to vote.

→ He isn't old enough to vote.

SO/SUCH (quá... đến nỗi) [Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả][]

1. SO... THAT... (quá... đến nỗi mà...) a) S1 + V1 + SO + Adj/Adv that + S2 + V2

• He was so noisy that we couldn't hear anything.
• He runs so quickly that no one can catch up with him.

b) S1 + V1 + so many N(countable-plural)(s/es) + that + S2 + V2 + so much N(uncountable) + (Quá nhiều... đến nỗi mà...) S1 + V1 + so few N(countable-plural)(s/es) + that + S2 + V2 + so little N(uncountable) + (Quá ít... đến nỗi mà...)

• There was so much salt ib the soup that I couldn't eat in.
• David has so few girlfriends that he rarely can talk with them.

Dạng đảo ngữ với SO + Adj/Adv được đặt ở đầu câu

S1 + V1 + So Adj/Adv + that S2 + V2 → So Adj/Adv + Aux + S1 + (V1) that + S2 + V2

• The film was so violent that the authority banned it.

→ So violent was the film that the authority banned it.

2. SUCH... THAT... (Quá... đến nỗi mà...) S1 + V1 + Such + a/an Adj + N(countable-singular) + that + S2 + V2 + Adj + N(uncountable) + N(countable-plural)(s/es)

• He is such a sympathetic man that we can tell him our problems.
• They were such delicious cakes that hw ate all.
• It was such awful weather that they had to put off the match.

a) S1 + V1 + so many/much N + that + S2 + V2 = S1 + V1 + such a lot of N + that + S2 + V2

• There were so many students that we didn't have enough seats for them.

→ There were such a lot of students that we didn't have enough seats for them.

b) S1 + V1 + such a/an Adj N(countable) + that + S2 + V2 = S1 + V1 + so Adj + a/an N(countable) + that + S2 + V2

• This is such an interesting film that I've seen it twice.

→ This is so interesting a film that I've seen it twice.

c) S1 + V1 + such that + S2 + V2 (Nhiều... đến nỗi mà...) = S1 + V1 + so much/great/... + that + S2 + V2

• The denand for the novel was such that they had to reprint it at once.

→ The demand for the novel was so much/great that they had to reprint it at once.