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Final exam phi 2394 Content type User Generated School University of Ottawa Uploaded By bevvbaYrr Pages 4 Showing Page: 1/4 FINAL Following G. Hardin, it seems that do-gooder activities such as volunteering are actually unethical.Give one reason why and explain? Hardin assumes that humans are naturally selfish. By being naturally selfish, men tend to continuously act in their own interest, which in the long run could bring the end of our prosperity on earth. He explains this fact through what he calls the Tragedy of the Commons. The tragedy states that each man is compelled to increase his benefit/wealth without limit, in a world that is limited. Taking pollution as an example, it is unethical to ask someone to change their habits of living to reduce pollution of their own volition, because this would only escalate inequality. By asking people to do the right thing (for example taking your bike to work instead of your car), those who listen will be “punishing” themselves by having a longer and more arduous commute, while those who do not will continue to enjoy the pleasures and conveniences of driving their car, without suffering any of the consequences. Therefore, Hardin proposes that the Tragedy of the Commons can only be solved by removing the freedom in the commons, by having regulations that will force people to reduce the amount of pollution they discharge into the atmosphere, and therefore by removing the necessity for voluntary action. Recount one of the reasons that might be put forth that conscious robots are impossible and D. Dennett's reply to that reason. One of the reasons put forth that conscious robots are impossible is the following: robots will always be much too simple to be conscious. This argument comes from the fact that as humans, we consist of billions of cells, each of them containing their own internal mechanism. Reproducing this type of complex machinery/system is still way beyond the capabilities of engineers today. Dennett’s reply to that reason is that it is boring! If consciousness only comes from the number of units in a person, then it would theoretically be possible to design and build such a thing with enough time, money and resources, thus making consciousness not all that special. Although, we have been able to substitute complex systems by simpler ones, such as artificial heart valves, artificial eyes and ears, ect. These components may not be as perfect and may not have all the exact same specifications as the real ones, but they can still be considered legitimate. For example, the movements that can be done with a prosthesis replacing a leg will not be as fluid and meticulous as a real leg, but it can still be considered a leg, and allows the person wearing it to walk almost normally. By principle, the same could be said about consciousness.

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lock_open Sign Up Showing Page: 2/4 R. Carson denies that "the treadmill of chemical control" is a long-term and sustainable solution to pest control.Why does she say this?What does the "treadmill" refer to?What is a solution she mentions? The treadmill of chemical control refers to the continuous use of chemicals, and our need for using more and more of them everyday. In fact, the environment’s natural response to chemicals is to adapt and resist. For example, by spraying insecticides in one’s garden, we could eventually see a “flareback” from the insects in greater numbers than before. Otherwise, the insects exposed to these chemicals will often develop into “superbugs”, where they have adapted to the effects of the chemical only to become stronger, more resistant, and often more aggressive than before. A similar example can be taken from the new variants of Covid-19 that have emerged after a big portion of the population had been vaccinated. So, the evolution of these superbugs requires us to keep using more chemicals and developing stronger ones with a higher toxicity, making their use very unsustainable. A solution that Carson explores for this problem is to simply stop using chemicals, and to replace them with biological solutions. For example, with the male sterilization technique, one can introduce sterilized males into a population of insects, forcing them to compete with the fertile males, until eventually all the eggs produced are infertile, dying out the population. How does R. Dawkins explain the actions of a good Samaritan?What is a "misfire"?And why does he call a misfires a "blessed, precious mistakes"? Dawkins believes that our sense of right and wrong can be derived from our Darwinian origin. He talks about the selfish gene and on the ways that our genes make us act in order to survive and pass down the information, to ensure the survival of the gene. Often, the selfish gene will ensure its survival by influencing a person to behave altruistically. The four main Darwinian reasons for being altruistic are: genetic kinship, reciprocation (repayment of favours given), benefit of acquiring reputation for generosity and kindness, and conspicuous generosity as a way of showing off your superiority. Therefore, natural selection favours altruism as being a rule of thumb. Today, where the population is much greater, we still get urges to be good to others, because of this Darwinian origin. That is being a good Samaritan. He calls this a misfire when the person that we help out is not kin, will not reciprocate the act, and when it does not benefit our genes in any way to complete this act. They are blessed, precious mistakes that come from natural selection because they make us generous, kind, and giving to others in time of need…It makes us good people.

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lock_open Sign Up Unformatted Attachment Preview FINAL Following G. Hardin, it seems that do-gooder activities such as volunteering are actually unethical. Give one reason why and explain? Hardin assumes that humans are naturally selfish. By being naturally selfish, men tend to continuously act in their own interest, which in the long run could bring the end of our prosperity on earth. He explains this fact through what he calls the Tragedy of the Commons. The tragedy states that each man is compelled to increase his benefit/wealth without limit, in a world that is limited. Taking pollution as an example, it is unethical to ask someone to change their habits of living to reduce pollution of their own volition, because this would only escalate inequality. By asking people to do the right thing (for example taking your bike to work instead of your car), those who listen will be “punishing” themselves by having a longer and more arduous commute, while those who do not will continue to enjoy the pleasures and conveniences of driving their car, without suffering any of the consequences. Therefore, Hardin proposes that the Tragedy of the Commons can only be solved by removing the freedom in the commons, by having regulations that ... Purchase document to see full attachment User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service. Honor Code flag Report DMCA Honor Code flag Report DMCA Studypool 4.7 Indeed 4.5 Sitejabber 4.4

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LDR 615 Grand Canyon University Organizational Change Process Discussion Please complete both parts...Part 1- Explain how successful communication is used throughout a change process to convey vision and strategies to stakeholders. What may be occurring with the communication process if the change process begins to fail?Part 2- Why is effective and frequent communication so critical to a successful change effort? Describe either a good or a bad example of this from your organization or one that you have studied. Describe how the communication affected the various stakeholders affected by the change effort. 3 pages Fred Economic Graph The selected example in this case is the unemployment rate. It is displayed in a graph that is attached at the end of this ... Fred Economic Graph The selected example in this case is the unemployment rate. It is displayed in a graph that is attached at the end of this paper. 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