[Solved] A Vortex Flow Is

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Concept:

Vortex flow:

The motion of a fluid in a curved path is known as vortex flow.

When a cylindrical vessel containing some liquid is rotated about its vertical axis, the vortex flow will be followed by liquid.

Vortex motion is of two types:

1. Forced vortex:

In the forced vortex, fluid moves on the curve under the influence of external torque.
Due to the external torque, a forced vortex is a rotational flow.
As there is the continuous expenditure of energy, Bernoulli's equation is not valid for forced vortex.
For forced vortex, v = rω is applicable.
Examples:
- The flow of water through a runner of the turbine.
- Rotation of water in the washing machine.

2. Free vortex:

When no external torque is required to rotate the fluid mass, that type of flow is called a free vortex.
As there is no torque in the free vortex, so free vortex is an irrotational flow.
For free vortex, a moment of momentum is constant i.e. vr = constant.
Examples:
- The flow of liquid through a hole provided at the bottom of a container.
- Draining the bathtub.

∴vortex flow is both rotational and irrotational flow depending on the torque applied.

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